scholarly journals Reusable FAIR Implementation Profiles as Accelerators of FAIR Convergence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Magagna ◽  
Erik Anthony Schultes ◽  
Robert Pergl ◽  
Kristina Maria Hettne ◽  
Tobias Kuhn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Communities Of Practice ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Adoption Process ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Online Resource ◽  
Fair Principles ◽  
Accelerate Convergence ◽  
Guiding Principles ◽  
Broad Cross Section

Powerful incentives are driving the adoption of FAIR practices among a broad cross-section of stakeholders. This adoption process must factor in numerous considerations regarding the use of both domain-specific and infrastructural resources. These considerations must be made for each of the FAIR Guiding Principles and include supra-domain objectives such as the maximum reuse of existing resources (i.e., minimised reinvention of the wheel) or maximum interoperation with existing FAIR data and services. Despite the complexity of this task, it is likely that the majority of the decisions will be repeated across communities and that communities can expedite their own FAIR adoption process by judiciously reusing the implementation choices already made by others. To leverage these redundancies and accelerate convergence onto widespread reuse of FAIR implementations, we have developed the concept of FAIR Implementation Profile (FIP) that captures the comprehensive set of implementation choices made at the discretion of individual communities of practice. The collection of community-specific FIPs compose an online resource called the FIP Convergence Matrix which can be used to track the evolving landscape of FAIR implementations and inform optimisation around reuse and interoperation. Ready-made and well-tested FIPs created by trusted communities will find widespread reuse among other communities and could vastly accelerate decision making on well-informed implementations of the FAIR Principles within and particularly between domains.

Trust Leadership: A Work-from-Home Scenario in Its Sector During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 227868212110476
Author(s):  
Rahul. P
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
It Employees ◽  
It Leadership

The study covers aspects of leadership trust among the information technology (IT) employees in India, with the help of data collected from a cross section of 205 IT employees. The article has assessed leadership trust factor from the employee’s (workforce) perspective with COVID19 pandemic and work-from-home situation. The outcome of data establishes a positive relationship between leadership trust and factors such as communication, decision-making, integrity, and motivation. The study also suggests that the IT sector and its leadership have created a positive trust among the employees during the COVID-19 work-from-home scenario. Findings suggest that in areas like integrity and making decisions quickly, the IT leadership has exhibited high trust levels, while in some other areas like communication and keeping the employees motivated (inspired), there have been few minor gaps that require attention from the leadership, which could preclude the wilting of established trust between the leader and his employees.

Graphic Satire and the Printed Image in Shakespeare’s London

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Commercial Practice ◽  
Graphic Satire ◽  
Single Sheet ◽  
The Common ◽  
Broad Cross Section ◽  
Print Market

How was the multiplied, printed image encountered in Shakespeare’s London? This chapter examines a range of genres and themes for single sheet, illustrated broadsides in an emerging, specialist print market. It discusses how such images were used to persuade and to entertain a potentially broad cross-section of society along moral, political and religious lines, and according to both topical and commercial interests. The mimetic nature of the English print in both engraved and woodcut form is highlighted, with its frequent adaptation of continental models to suit more local concerns. Consideration is also given to the survival of certain images in later seventeenth-century impressions, indicative of popularity and the common commercial practice of reprinting stock from aging plates and blocks, and the sporadic nature of censorship upon the illustrated broadside.

scholarly journals Neural Responses to Ambiguity Involve Domain-general and Domain-specific Emotion Processing Systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maital Neta ◽  
William M. Kelley ◽  
Paul J. Whalen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Social Signals ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Specific Emotion ◽  
On Line

Extant research has examined the process of decision making under uncertainty, specifically in situations of ambiguity. However, much of this work has been conducted in the context of semantic and low-level visual processing. An open question is whether ambiguity in social signals (e.g., emotional facial expressions) is processed similarly or whether a unique set of processors come on-line to resolve ambiguity in a social context. Our work has examined ambiguity using surprised facial expressions, as they have predicted both positive and negative outcomes in the past. Specifically, whereas some people tended to interpret surprise as negatively valenced, others tended toward a more positive interpretation. Here, we examined neural responses to social ambiguity using faces (surprise) and nonface emotional scenes (International Affective Picture System). Moreover, we examined whether these effects are specific to ambiguity resolution (i.e., judgments about the ambiguity) or whether similar effects would be demonstrated for incidental judgments (e.g., nonvalence judgments about ambiguously valenced stimuli). We found that a distinct task control (i.e., cingulo-opercular) network was more active when resolving ambiguity. We also found that activity in the ventral amygdala was greater to faces and scenes that were rated explicitly along the dimension of valence, consistent with findings that the ventral amygdala tracks valence. Taken together, there is a complex neural architecture that supports decision making in the presence of ambiguity: (a) a core set of cortical structures engaged for explicit ambiguity processing across stimulus boundaries and (b) other dedicated circuits for biologically relevant learning situations involving faces.

scholarly journals SentiProdBR: Building Domain-Specific Sentiment Lexicons for the Portuguese Language

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago de Melo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sentiment Analysis ◽  
Online Reviews ◽  
Bayes Theorem ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
The Web

Online reviews are readily available on the Web and widely used for decision-making. However, only a few studies on Portuguese sentiment analysis are reported due to the lack of resources including domain-specific sentiment lexical collections. In this paper, we present an effective methodology using probabilities of the Bayes’ Theorem for building a set of lexicons, called SentiProdBR, for 10 different product categories for the Portuguese language. Experimental results indicate that our methodology significantly outperforms several alternative approaches of building domain-specific sentiment lexicons.

scholarly journals Decision Making Processes and Outcomes

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Hicks Patrick ◽  
Jenessa C. Steele ◽  
S. Melinda Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Decision Quality ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Solution Quality ◽  
Strategic Processing ◽  
Domain Specific

The primary aim of this study was to examine the contributions of individual characteristics and strategic processing to the prediction of decision quality. Data were provided by 176 adults, ages 18 to 93 years, who completed computerized decision-making vignettes and a battery of demographic and cognitive measures. We examined the relations among age, domain-specific experience, working memory, and three measures of strategic information search to the prediction of solution quality using a 4-step hierarchical linear regression analysis. Working memory and two measures of strategic processing uniquely contributed to the variance explained. Results are discussed in terms of potential advances to both theory and intervention efforts.

scholarly journals Managing Business-to-Business Customer Relationships following Key Contact Employee Turnover in a Vendor Firm

2002 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeli Bendapudi ◽  
Robert P. Leone
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Employee Turnover ◽  
Customer Relationships ◽  
Broad Cross Section ◽  
Business Customers ◽  
Business To Business ◽  
Oriented Approach

Customers form relationships with the employees who serve them as well as with the vendor firms these employees represent. In many cases, a customer's relationship with an employee who is closest to them, a key contact employee, may be stronger than the customer's relationship with the vendor firm. If the key contact employee is no longer available to serve that customer, the vendor firm's relationship with the customer may become vulnerable. In this article, the authors present the results of two studies that examine what business-to-business customers value in their relationships with key contact employees, what customers' concerns are when a favored key contact employee is no longer available to serve them, and what vendor firms can do to alleviate these concerns and to retain employee knowledge even if they cannot retain the employee in that position. The studies are based on a discovery-oriented approach and integrate input from business-to-business customers, key contact employees, and managers from a broad cross-section of companies to develop testable propositions. The authors discuss managerial and theoretical implications and directions for further research.

ALLERGIC COLIC IN INFANTS IN THE GENERAL PRACTICE OF PEDIATRICS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 832-832
Author(s):  
Frederick J. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Migraine Headache ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Basic Question ◽  
Perennial Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Pediatric Practice ◽  
Gastrointestinal Allergy ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Broad Cross Section

Gastrointestinal allergy has been said to be a rare cause of colic in infancy. We had been impressed by the family history of allergy elicited in many cases. Frequent occurrence in colicky babies of stools containing mucus, eosinophils, and sometimes blood, was also noted. The Nance method of staining stool mucus for eosinophils was used. A point was made of inquiring concerning hay fever, allergic asthma, perennial allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, frequent and severe sinusitis and migraine headache, in the mother, father, siblings, grandfathers, uncles, aunts and first cousins. This has been done in the case of all newborns. The following data were accumulated from newborns whom we treated throughout the course of their complaint. We found 367 colicky infants among 611 who came from allergic families, an incidence of 60.1 per cent; among 296 infants from non-allergic families, 74 had colic, an incidence of 25 per cent. Where the father and mother both suffered from major manifestations of allergy, out of 55 infants, 43 had colic, an incidence of 78.2 per cent. A total of 814 infants had 308 colicky babies among them, an incidence of 36.1 pen cent in our practice. These data were gathered because we could find none in the literature answering the basic question of the incidence of colic in private pediatric practice. A broad cross-section of social classes and nationalities found in a metropolitan area were included. The over-all incidence of 36.1 per cent was a surprise to us. The incidence of 60.1 per cent of colic found in allergic families was impressive.

Inexperienced decision-makers' use of positive heuristics for marketing decisions

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Gilbert-Saad ◽  
Rod B. McNaughton ◽  
Frank Siedlok
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Think Aloud ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Think Aloud Protocols ◽  
Limited Experience ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Domain Specific Knowledge

PurposeResearch has reliably demonstrated that decision-makers, especially expert ones, use heuristics to make decisions under uncertainty. However, whether decision-makers with little or no experience also do, and if so, how? is unknown. This research addresses this issue in the marketing context by studying how a group of young and generally inexperienced entrepreneurs decide when asked to set a price and choose a distribution channel in a scenario involving a hypothetical firm.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used think-aloud protocols to elicit data and then used inductive procedures to code the data for analysis.FindingsThe inexperienced entrepreneurs in the sample used three types of heuristics in their decision-making, forming a structured process that narrows in scope. First, metacognitive heuristics, which specify a decision-making approach, were used, followed by heuristics representing the criteria they considered, and finally, heuristics detailing the execution of a selected option. The authors also found that heuristics relating to a market orientation, especially customer-centric criteria, were the most common, but these were balanced with ones representing an internal orientation or growth.Research limitations/implicationsThe generally inexperienced decision-makers the authors’ studied used heuristics in a structured way that helped them to select and balance several potentially conflicting decision-making criteria. As with most research using qualitative research designs, the generalizability of these findings is unclear. Further research on the mechanisms by which relatively inexperienced decision-makers learn the heuristics they use is recommended.Originality/valueThis research's novelty lies in its focus on heuristic use by nonexpert decision-makers under conditions of uncertainty and the findings about their scope and the order they are used. As the authors collected data from think-aloud protocols with relatively young entrepreneurs with limited experience, they also offer a description of the heuristics used by nascent entrepreneurs when making marketing decisions about pricing and channels. The most surprising conclusion is that even without relevant domain-specific knowledge, decision-makers can use heuristics in an ecologically rational way (i.e. structured to match the environment).

Causal evidence for a domain-specific role of left superior frontal sulcus in human perceptual decision-making

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Barretto Garcia ◽  
Marcus Grueschow ◽  
Marius Moisa ◽  
Rafael Polania ◽  
Christian Carl Ruff
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sequential Sampling ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Sequential Sampling Model ◽  
Evidence Integration ◽  
Superior Frontal Sulcus

Humans and animals can flexibly choose their actions based on different information, ranging from objective states of the environment (e.g., apples are bigger than cherries) to subjective preferences (e.g., cherries are tastier than apples). Whether the brain instantiates these different choices by recruiting either specialized or shared neural circuitry remains debated. Specifically, domain-general theories of prefrontal cortex (PFC) function propose that prefrontal areas flexibly process either perceptual or value-based evidence depending on what is required for the present choice, whereas domain-specific theories posit that PFC sub- areas, such as the left superior frontal sulcus (SFS), selectively integrate evidence relevant for perceptual decisions. Here we comprehensively test the functional role of the left SFS for choices based on perceptual and value-based evidence, by combining fMRI with a behavioural paradigm, computational modelling, and transcranial magnetic stimulation. Confirming predictions by a sequential sampling model, we show that TMS-induced excitability reduction of the left SFS selectively changes the processing of decision-relevant perceptual information and associated neural processes. In contrast, value-based decision making and associated neural processes remain unaffected. This specificity of SFS function is evident at all levels of analysis (behavioural, computational, and neural, including functional connectivity), demonstrating that the left SFS causally contributes to evidence integration for  perceptual but not value-based decisions.

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