scholarly journals Within-person variability promotes learning of internal facial features and facilitates perceptual discrimination and memory

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elliott Robins ◽  
Tirta Susilo ◽  
Kay L. Ritchie ◽  
Christel Devue
Keyword(s):  
Face Processing ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Perceptual Discrimination ◽  
Robust Learning ◽  
Face Matching ◽  
Large Benefit

Recent research indicates that exposure to within-person variability is essential for developing robust representations of new faces. For example, people perform better on a face matching task after exposure to highly variable photos, compared to less variable photos. However, the specific aspects of face processing that benefit from variability remain unclear. We investigated whether within-person variability improves the ability to match and recognise individual faces, and whether it promotes learning of internal facial features. In one exploratory and one confirmatory experiments, we tested matching and recognition performance of participants after they learned 4 individual faces in a high variability condition and another 4 in a low variability condition. Further, to assess if variability promotes robust learning of invariant facial features (e.g., eyes, nose), we compared performance with and without external facial features (full headshots vs cropped images showing only internal features). We found a large benefit of variability in the recognition task, and a smaller effect on the matching task, but the size of the benefit was comparable with and without the presence of external features. Therefore, within-person variability improves a variety of face recognition skills, and it encourages the encoding of internal facial features.

scholarly journals Things are Looking up: Differential Decline in Face Recognition following Pitch and Yaw Rotation

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p5637 ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 1334-1352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone K Favelle ◽  
Stephen Palmisano ◽  
Ryan T Maloney
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Human Face ◽  
Human Face Recognition ◽  
Viewpoint Change ◽  
Sequential Matching ◽  
Better Than

Previous research into the effects of viewpoint change on face recognition has typically dealt with rotations around the head's vertical axis (yaw). Another common, although less studied, source of viewpoint variation in faces is rotation around the head's horizontal pitch axis (pitch). In the current study we used both a sequential matching task and an old/new recognition task to examine the effect of viewpoint change following rotation about both pitch and yaw axes on human face recognition. The results of both tasks showed that recognition performance was better for faces rotated about yaw compared to pitch. Further, recognition performance for faces rotated upwards on the pitch axis was better than for faces rotated downwards. Thus, equivalent angular rotations about pitch and yaw do not produce equivalent viewpoint-dependent declines in recognition performance.

Face Processing Changes in Normal Aging Revealed by fMRI Adaptation

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 3433-3447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunjo Lee ◽  
Cheryl L. Grady ◽  
Claudine Habak ◽  
Hugh R. Wilson ◽  
Morris Moscovitch
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Face Processing ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Facial Identity ◽  
The Core ◽  
Face Matching

We investigated the neural correlates of facial processing changes in healthy aging using fMRI and an adaptation paradigm. In the scanner, participants were successively presented with faces that varied in identity, viewpoint, both, or neither and performed a head size detection task independent of identity or viewpoint. In right fusiform face area (FFA), older adults failed to show adaptation to the same face repeatedly presented in the same view, which elicited the most adaptation in young adults. We also performed a multivariate analysis to examine correlations between whole-brain activation patterns and behavioral performance in a face-matching task tested outside the scanner. Despite poor neural adaptation in right FFA, high-performing older adults engaged the same face-processing network as high-performing young adults across conditions, except the one presenting a same facial identity across different viewpoints. Low-performing older adults used this network to a lesser extent. Additionally, high-performing older adults uniquely recruited a set of areas related to better performance across all conditions, indicating age-specific involvement of this added network. This network did not include the core ventral face-processing areas but involved the left inferior occipital gyrus, frontal, and parietal regions. Although our adaptation results show that the neuronal representations of the core face-preferring areas become less selective with age, our multivariate analysis indicates that older adults utilize a distinct network of regions associated with better face matching performance, suggesting that engaging this network may compensate for deficiencies in ventral face processing regions.

scholarly journals Masked face identification is improved by diagnostic feature training

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel James Carragher ◽  
Alice Towler ◽  
Viktoria Roumenova Mileva ◽  
David White ◽  
Peter Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Professional Staff ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Face Identification ◽  
Diagnostic Feature ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Training Method ◽  
The Public ◽  
Face Matching ◽  
Matching Performance

To slow the spread of COVID-19, many people now wear face masks in public. Face masks impair our ability to identify faces, which can cause problems for professional staff who must identify offenders and members of the public. Here, we investigate whether performance on a masked face matching task can be improved by training participants to compare diagnostic facial features (the ears and facial marks) – a validated training method that improves matching performance for unmasked faces. We find strong evidence this brief diagnostic feature training, which takes less than two minutes to complete, improves matching performance for masked faces by approximately 5%. A control training course, which was unrelated to face identification, had no effect on matching performance. Our findings demonstrate that comparing the ears and facial marks is an effective means of improving face matching performance for masked faces. These findings have implications for professions that regularly perform face identification.

Exploring Levels of Face Familiarity by Using an Indirect Face-Matching Measure

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p3335 ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 985-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Clutterbuck ◽  
Robert A Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Face Processing ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Indirect Measure ◽  
Face Matching ◽  
External Feature ◽  
Unfamiliar Face ◽  
Matching Performance ◽  
Unfamiliar Faces

An experiment is reported in which participants matched complete images of unfamiliar, moderately familiar, and highly familiar faces with simultaneously presented images of internal and external features. Participants had to decide if the two images depicted same or different individuals. Matches to internal features were made faster to highly familiar faces than both to moderately familiar and to unfamiliar faces, and matches to moderately familiar faces were made faster than to unfamiliar faces. For external feature matches, this advantage was only found for “different” decision matches to highly familiar faces compared to unfamiliar faces. The results indicate that the differences in familiar and unfamiliar face processing are not the result of all-or-none effects, but seem to have a graded impact on matching performance. These findings extend the earlier work of Young et al (1985 Perception14 737–746), and we discuss the possibility of using the matching task as an indirect measure of face familiarity.

Computational Modeling of Face Recognition Based on Psychophysical Experiments

2004 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Schwaninger ◽  
Christian Wallraven ◽  
Heinrich H. Bülthoff
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Face Recognition ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Face Processing ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Striking Similarity ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Configural Information ◽  
Psychophysical Studies

Recent results from psychophysical studies are discussed which clearly show that face processing is not only holistic. Humans do encode face parts (component information) in addition to information about the spatial interrelationship of facial features (global configural information). Based on these findings we propose a computational architecture of face recognition, which implements a component and configural route for encoding and recognizing faces. Modeling results showed a striking similarity between human psychophysical data and the computational model. In addition, we could show that our framework is able to achieve good recognition performance even under large view rotations. Thus, our study is an example of how an interdisciplinary approach can provide a deeper understanding of cognitive processes and lead to further insights in human psychophysics as well as computer vision.

scholarly journals Measurement of individual differences in face-identity processing abilities in older adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Boutet ◽  
Bozana Meinhardt-Injac
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Face Processing ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Face Memory ◽  
Face Identity ◽  
Face Matching ◽  
Processing Abilities ◽  
Identity Processing

Abstract Background Face-identity processing declines with age. Few studies have examined whether face-identity processing abilities can be measured independently from general cognitive abilities in older adults (OA). This question has practical implications for the assessment of face-identity processing abilities in OA and theoretical implications for the notion of face processing as a specific ability. The present study examined the specificity of face memory and face matching abilities in OA aged 50 + . Methods Performance of younger adults (YA) and OA was measured on face tasks: Cambridge Face Memory Task (CFMT), the Glasgow Face Matching Task (GFMT), holistic processing; and tasks of general cognition: fluid intelligence, selective attention, and mental rotation. Data were analyzed using multiple regression models encompassing (i) the CFMT/GFMT and measures of general cognition; and (ii) all face processing tasks. Results Across the two age groups, models encompassing all face tasks were significant and accounted for more variance in the data than models encompassing the CFMT/GFMT and measures of general cognition. General cognitive abilities accounted for 17% of variance for the GFMT (p < 0.01) and 3% for the CFMT (p > 0.05). Discussion Our results suggest that face memory can be measured independently from general cognition using the CFMT in OA. Implications for the notion of a general face processing factor across the adult lifespan are discussed.

scholarly journals Semi-Supervised Joint Learning for Hand Gesture Recognition from a Single Color Image

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1007
Author(s):  
Chi Xu ◽  
Yunkai Jiang ◽  
Jun Zhou ◽  
Yi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Gesture Recognition ◽  
Pose Estimation ◽  
Color Image ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Hand Gesture Recognition ◽  
Hand Gesture ◽  
Estimation Task ◽  
Hand Pose Estimation ◽  
Hand Pose

Hand gesture recognition and hand pose estimation are two closely correlated tasks. In this paper, we propose a deep-learning based approach which jointly learns an intermediate level shared feature for these two tasks, so that the hand gesture recognition task can be benefited from the hand pose estimation task. In the training process, a semi-supervised training scheme is designed to solve the problem of lacking proper annotation. Our approach detects the foreground hand, recognizes the hand gesture, and estimates the corresponding 3D hand pose simultaneously. To evaluate the hand gesture recognition performance of the state-of-the-arts, we propose a challenging hand gesture recognition dataset collected in unconstrained environments. Experimental results show that, the gesture recognition accuracy of ours is significantly boosted by leveraging the knowledge learned from the hand pose estimation task.

Face Perception in Face Transplant Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (05) ◽  
pp. 525-533
Author(s):  
Evrim Gülbetekin ◽  
Seda Bayraktar ◽  
Özlenen Özkan ◽  
Hilmi Uysal ◽  
Ömer Özkan
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Object Recognition ◽  
Face Processing ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Discrimination Performance ◽  
Object Discrimination ◽  
Face Transplantation ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
Facial Surgery ◽  
The Face

AbstractThe authors tested face discrimination, face recognition, object discrimination, and object recognition in two face transplantation patients (FTPs) who had facial injury since infancy, a patient who had a facial surgery due to a recent wound, and two control subjects. In Experiment 1, the authors showed them original faces and morphed forms of those faces and asked them to rate the similarity between the two. In Experiment 2, they showed old, new, and implicit faces and asked whether they recognized them or not. In Experiment 3, they showed them original objects and morphed forms of those objects and asked them to rate the similarity between the two. In Experiment 4, they showed old, new, and implicit objects and asked whether they recognized them or not. Object discrimination and object recognition performance did not differ between the FTPs and the controls. However, the face discrimination performance of FTP2 and face recognition performance of the FTP1 were poorer than that of the controls were. Therefore, the authors concluded that the structure of the face might affect face processing.

Classroom Noise and Children Learning Through a Second Language

2005 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peggy Nelson ◽  
Kathryn Kohnert ◽  
Sabina Sabur ◽  
Daniel Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Word Recognition ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
English Word ◽  
Noise Condition ◽  
English Only ◽  
Task Behavior ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: Two studies were conducted to investigate the effects of classroom noise on attention and speech perception in native Spanish-speaking second graders learning English as their second language (L2) as compared to English-only-speaking (EO) peers. Method: Study 1 measured children’s on-task behavior during instructional activities with and without soundfield amplification. Study 2 measured the effects of noise (+10 dB signal-to-noise ratio) using an experimental English word recognition task. Results: Findings from Study 1 revealed no significant condition (pre/postamplification) or group differences in observations in on-task performance. Main findings from Study 2 were that word recognition performance declined significantly for both L2 and EO groups in the noise condition; however, the impact was disproportionately greater for the L2 group. Clinical Implications: Children learning in their L2 appear to be at a distinct disadvantage when listening in rooms with typical noise and reverberation. Speech-language pathologists and audiologists should collaborate to inform teachers, help reduce classroom noise, increase signal levels, and improve access to spoken language for L2 learners.

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