scholarly journals Relating unsupervised word segmentation to reported vocabulary acquisition

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elin Larsen ◽  
Alejandrina Cristia ◽  
Emmanuel Dupoux
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Word Segmentation ◽  
Lexical Development ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
Parental Reports ◽  
Predictor Model ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Frequency Counts ◽  
The Ideal

A range of computational approaches have been used to model the discovery of word forms from continuous speech by infants. Typically, these algorithms are evaluated with respect to the ideal ’gold standard’ word segmentation and lexicon. These metrics assess how well an algorithm matches the adult state, but may not reflect the intermediate states of the child’s lexical development. We set up a new evaluation method based on the correlation between word frequency counts derived from the application of an algorithm onto a corpus of child-directed speech, and the proportion of infants knowing the words according to parental reports. We evaluate a representative set of 4 algorithms, applied to transcriptions of the Brent corpus, which have been phonologized using either phonemes or syllables as basic units. Results show remarkable variation in the extent to which these 8 algorithm-unit combinations predicted infant vocabulary, with some of these predictions surpassing those derived from the adult gold standard segmentation. We argue that infant vocabulary prediction provides a useful complement to traditional evaluation; for example, the best predictor model was also one of the worst in terms of segmentation score, and there was no clear relationship between token or boundary F-score and vocabulary prediction.

The World Underfoot

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hallie M. Franks
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Classical Period ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
Physiological Reaction ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Foreign Land ◽  
Social Gathering ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Ideal

In the Greek Classical period, the symposium—the social gathering at which male citizens gathered to drink wine and engage in conversation—was held in a room called the andron. From couches set up around the perimeter of the andron, symposiasts looked inward to the room’s center, which often was decorated with a pebble mosaic floor. These mosaics provided visual treats for the guests, presenting them with images of mythological scenes, exotic flora, dangerous beasts, hunting parties, or the specter of Dionysos, the god of wine, riding in his chariot or on the back of a panther. This book takes as its subject these mosaics and the context of their viewing. Relying on discourses in the sociology and anthropology of space, it argues that the andron’s mosaic imagery actively contributed to a complex, metaphorical experience of the symposium. In combination with the ritualized circling of the wine cup from couch to couch around the room and the physiological reaction to wine, the images of mosaic floors called to mind other images, spaces, or experiences, and, in doing so, prompted drinkers to reimagine the symposium as another kind of event—a nautical voyage, a journey to a foreign land, the circling heavens or a choral dance, or the luxury of an abundant past. Such spatial metaphors helped to forge the intimate bonds of friendship that are the ideal result of the symposium and that make up the political and social fabric of the Greek polis.

GIS Based Multi-Criteria decision support system and machine learning for Hospital Site Selection case study Oran - Algeria

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Site Selection ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Automatic Learning ◽  
Hospital Site ◽  
Set Up ◽  
High Level ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Ideal

The selection of hospital sites is one of the most important choice a decision maker has to take so as to resist the pandemic. The decision may considerably affect the outbreak transmission in terms of efficiency , budget, etc. The main targeted objective of this study is to find the ideal location where to set up a hospital in the willaya of Oran Alg. For this reason, we have used a geographic information system coupled to the multi-criteria analysis method AHP in order to evaluate diverse criteria of physiological positioning , environmental and economical. Another objective of this study is to evaluate the advanced techniques of the automatic learning . the method of the random forest (RF) for the patterning of the hospital site selection in the willaya of Oran. The result of our study may be useful to decision makers to know the suitability of the sites as it provides a high level of confidence and consequently accelerate the power to control the COVID19 pandemic.

Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation of Water Quality Management Information System

2014 ◽  
Vol 1044-1045 ◽  
pp. 486-489
Author(s):  
Xin Wang ◽  
He Pan
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Fuzzy Theory ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Water Resources Protection ◽  
Set Up

Water environment assessment is a basic and important work of water resources protection. We set up a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of water environment based on fuzzy theory and prediction method in this paper. The comprehensive assessment of water environmental quality relates to complicated phenomena and interaction of multi-factor of evaluation. There are plenty of fuzzy phenomena and fuzzy concepts, therefore, make quantitative processing by the comprehensive evaluation method of fuzzy is a good choice to get good results.

scholarly journals Annotating Speaker Stance in Discourse: The Brexit Blog Corpus

2017 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasiliki Simaki ◽  
Carita Paradis ◽  
Maria Skeppstedt ◽  
Magnus Sahlgren ◽  
Kostiantyn Kucher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Learning ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Visual Analytics ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Final Version ◽  
Annotation Process ◽  
Analytical Protocol ◽  
Gold Standard Corpus ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Level Of Agreement

AbstractThe aim of this study is to explore the possibility of identifying speaker stance in discourse, provide an analytical resource for it and an evaluation of the level of agreement across speakers. We also explore to what extent language users agree about what kind of stances are expressed in natural language use or whether their interpretations diverge. In order to perform this task, a comprehensive cognitive-functional framework of ten stance categories was developed based on previous work on speaker stance in the literature. A corpus of opinionated texts was compiled, the Brexit Blog Corpus (BBC). An analytical protocol and interface (Active Learning and Visual Analytics) for the annotations was set up and the data were independently annotated by two annotators. The annotation procedure, the annotation agreements and the co-occurrence of more than one stance in the utterances are described and discussed. The careful, analytical annotation process has returned satisfactory inter- and intra-annotation agreement scores, resulting in a gold standard corpus, the final version of the BBC.

scholarly journals Keynes and the dollar in 1933: the gold-buying program and exchange rate gyrations

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
High Frequency Data ◽  
Frequency Data ◽  
Open Letter ◽  
The Ideal

In December 1933, John Maynard Keyes published an open letter to President Roosevelt, where he wrote: ‘The recent gyrations of the dollar have looked to me more like a gold standard on the booze than the ideal managed currency of my dreams.’ This was a criticism of the ‘gold-buying program’ launched in October 1933. In this article I use high-frequency data on the dollar–pound and dollar–franc exchange rates to investigate whether the gyrations of the dollar were unusually high in late 1933. My results show that although volatility was pronounced, it was not higher than during some other periods after 1921. Moreover, dollar volatility began to subside towards the end of the period alluded to by Keynes.

Collective Intelligence

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph N. Cappella ◽  
Jingwen Zhang ◽  
Vincent Price
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Collective Intelligence ◽  
Selective Exposure ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Emerging Media ◽  
Intelligent Decision ◽  
Collective Deliberation ◽  
No Gold Standard ◽  
The Ideal

The rise of the Internet and social media reignites interest in collective intelligence. We frame collective intelligence as follows: (1) Simple aggregation of individual opinion is a poor substitute for reasoned opinion by collectives (i.e., deliberation) except in limited circumstances. (2) What constitutes an intelligent decision on complex matters requires approximations to the ideal of what is intelligent. There is no “gold standard” for intelligent decisions. (3) If collective deliberation is to be useful, then its outcomes must be improved decisions—in short, intelligent outcomes. (4) Deliberation can lead to more intelligent outcomes when opinion, knowledge, and judgment within a collective is diverse and this diversity is expressed. (5) The trends within emerging media toward increasingly narrow, partisan sources of information, toward selective exposure and avoidance, and toward balkanization of collectives will depress the possibilities of collective intelligence that emerging media would on their surface seem to enhance.

scholarly journals Biomechanical evaluation of SACH and uniaxial feet

1984 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. H. Goh ◽  
S. E. Solomonidis ◽  
W. D. Spence ◽  
J. P. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Gait Kinematics ◽  
Biomechanical Evaluation ◽  
Set Up

A review of prosthetic prescription practice reveals that in the United Kingdom about 85% of below and above-knee amputees are fitted with uniaxial feet, whereas in the United States about 80% are fitted with SACH feet. An evaluation method was developed to assess the performance of these two different types of feet. This included a subjective assessment procedure and a biomechanical evaluation of the function of the two feet and their effects on whole body gait kinematics and lower limb kinetics. Data were acquired by three Bolex H16 cine cameras and two Kistler force plates. This set-up allowed three-dimensional analysis on the prosthetic and contralateral sides of the subject. Investigations were undertaken in which an experimental prosthesis permitted the interchange of the ankle/foot while keeping the rest of the components the same. Altogether, six below knee and five above knee amputees were tested. No clear trend for preference for either type of foot was evident from the subjective survey; in general the patients showed a preference for the foot that they were accustomed to. Kinematic and kinetic analysis showed some differences in the function between the two prosthetic feet. It is the purpose of this paper to discuss these differences and their significance.

Enhancement of the Completion Efficiency of Perforation Tunnels in Petroleum Wells

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Rahman ◽  
T. Heidrick ◽  
B. Fleck ◽  
M. Koksal
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Differential Pressure ◽  
Triaxial Testing ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Petroleum Wells ◽  
Perforated Completion ◽  
The Ideal

The objective of perforating is to maximize well productivity by establishing good connectivity between the wellbore and formation. The conventional method of perforation — perforation by shooting (PS) — cannot achieve expected wellbore productivity due to a region of reduced permeability around the perforation tunnel. In this study, it has been established that permeability is decreased in the range of 30%–75% due to the implementation of the PS technique compared to the openhole completion. As a result, a new perforation technique — perforation by drilling (PD) — has been proposed in this paper. To simulate a perforated completion, cylindrical sand samples (0.0572 in OD) consolidated with cement with varying porosity were prepared. These samples were perforated (0.0136 m ED) by the PS, PD and Casting techniques. Perforations created by the Casting techniques are considered the ideal, openhole perforation tunnel. Fluid flow rates and differential pressure across the perforated samples were measured for three different types of samples using “Geotechnical Digital System” triaxial testing set-up. Fluid flow rates with changing differential pressure and finally pressure build-up data with time indicates the PD technique can achieve better wellbore productivity compared to the PS technique. Results indicate that at 100 kPa differential pressure the PS, PD and Casting techniques can achieve 0.20 mL/s, 0.65 mL/s and 1.00 mL/s fluid flow rates respectively across a sample.

scholarly journals Assessing the performance of indicators during their life cycle: the mixed QUID method

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Philippe Michel ◽  
Laurie Fraticelli ◽  
Pierre Parneix ◽  
Valentin Daucourt ◽  
Olivier Farges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Public Disclosure ◽  
Integrated Method ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Modified Delphi ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Operational Issues

Abstract Background Quality indicators (QI) are mandatory in French hospitals. After a decade of use, the Ministry of Health set up an expert workgroup to enhance informed decision-making regarding currently used national QI, i.e. to propose a decision of withdrawing, revising or continuing their use. We report the development of an integrated method for a comprehensive appraisal of quality/safety indicators (QI) during their life cycle, for three purposes, quality improvement, public disclosure and regulation purposes. The method was tested on 10 national QI on use for up to 10 years to identify operational issues. Methods A modified Delphi technique to select relevant criteria and a development of a mixed evaluation method by the workgroup. A ‘real-life’ test on 10 national QI. Results Twelve criteria were selected for the appraisal of QI used for regulation goals, 11 were selected for hospital improvement and seven for public disclosure. The perceived feasibility and relevance were studied including hospital workers, patients and health authorities professionals; the scientific soundness of the indicator development phase was reviewed by analyzing reference documents; the metrological performance (limited to the discriminatory power and dynamics of change during the life cycle dimensions) was analyzed on the national datasets. Applied to the 10 QI, the workgroup proposed to withdraw four of them and to modify or suspend the six others. Conclusions The value of the method was supported by the clear-cut conclusions and endorsement of the proposed decisions by the health authorities.

Evaluation Method of Coal Mine Safety Based on Evidence Theory

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 426-430
Author(s):  
Gang Xu ◽  
Yang Ding ◽  
Tian Jun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mine ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Evidence Theory ◽  
Mine Safety ◽  
Coal Mine Safety ◽  
Mine Production ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Decision Making Rule

Coal mine safety assessment is an important ways for identification and elimination of danger in coal mine production systems. This paper introduce D-S evidence theory in evaluation of coal mine safety to solve the uncertainty problem of randomicity and faintness in evaluation of coal mine safety. The evaluation model of coal mine safety is set up based on evidence theory and the detailed arithmetic of evidence theory is brought forward, and according to some decision making rule the Chaohua Coal Mine has been evaluated. The results show that the model can solve the problem of uncertainty preferable and evaluation results with more accuracy and reliability.

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