scholarly journals Universal Object Motions: Theory

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar Halihal Shanmukachary
Keyword(s):  
Geometrical Structure ◽  
Light Emission ◽  
Object Motion ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Fundamental Cause ◽  
Reflective Property ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Object Behavior ◽  
Motion Behavior

Postulates governing universal object motion s are hypothesized. All o bjects display mass, geometry, andwavelengths (colors) determined either by their inherent properties of transmission or by their interactions withrays of different wavelengths. T h is paper proposes that RMs , which will be defined later, are the fundamentalcaus ation of motion in the UniverseThe motion of objects in theUniverse is governed by Newton 's laws of motion and laws of gravitation. Einstein’sspecial theory of relativity defines the motion of objects through relativistic frames and makes a bold hypothesisthat no object in the universe can surpass the speed of light. However, both, Newton’s and Einstein’s theoriessimply ignore the geometry of objects in defining the motion.This paper will explainho w the number of objects (defined here as RM), geometry of objects andemission/reflective property of objects are the fundamental cause for the origination of motion It is critical tounderstand how the number of objects, geometrical structure of objects and emission/reflective behaviour ofobjects can result in the occurrence of motion in the form of translational, rotational and revolution. When theproperties of objects such as geometry, light emission and the number of objects change, motion changes its forms.This paperis intended to be first of series of papers that will explain the nature of objects, their motion behavior s,and the fundamental nature of a Universe observed via the various object behavior s

James Bradley, Sailing on the Thames

Lightspeed ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
John C. H. Spence
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Astronomical Observations ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Independent Estimate ◽  
The Universe ◽  
At Home

The story of the astronomical observations of James Bradley in the eighteenth century, whose measurements of the small movements of a star throughout the year provided an independent estimate of the speed of the Earth around the Sun relative to the speed of light. His work provided the first experimental evidence in support of Copernicus’s theory that the earth is in motion, and against the idea that it is stationary at the center of the universe. His simple telescope at home, his brilliant idea and perseverance, and his life’s work and influence. The importance of his result for the development of Einstein’s theory of relativity and for theories of the Aether in the following centuries.

scholarly journals Speed of Light as an Emergent Property of the Fabric

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Dirk J. Pons ◽  
Arion D. Pons ◽  
Aiden J. Pons
Keyword(s):  
Optical Materials ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Hidden Variable ◽  
Cosmological Principle ◽  
Fabric Density ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Universal Applicability ◽  
The Universe

<p class="1Body"><strong>Problem</strong>- The theory of Relativity is premised on the constancy of the speed of light (c) in-vacuo. While no empirical evidence convincingly shows the speed to be variable, nonetheless from a theoretical perspective the invariance is an assumption. <strong>Need-</strong> It is possible that the evidence could be explained by a different theory. <strong>Approach</strong>- A non-local hidden-variable (NLHV) solution, the Cordus particule theory, is applied to identify the causes of variability in the fabric density, and then show how this affects the speed of light. <strong>Findings</strong>- Under these assumptions the speed of light is variable (VSL), being inversely proportional to fabric density. This is because the discrete fields of the photon interact dynamically with the fabric and therefore consume frequency cycles of the photon. The fabric arises from aggregation of fields from particles, which in turn depends on the proximity and spatial distribution of matter. Results disfavour the universal applicability of the cosmological principle of homogeneity and isotropy of the universe. <strong>Originality</strong>- The work proposes causal mechanisms for VSL, which have otherwise been challenging to ascertain. Uniquely, this theory identifies fabric density as the dependent variable. In contrast, other VSL models propose that c varies with time or some geometric-like scale, but struggle to provide plausible reasons for that dependency. This theory also offers a conceptually simply way to reconcile the refraction of light in both gravitational situations and optical materials.</p>

Einstein

Lightspeed ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 144-158
Author(s):  
John C. H. Spence
Keyword(s):  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Relativity Theory ◽  
Theoretical Physics ◽  
Simple Explanation ◽  
Flowing Water ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Nuclear Explosions ◽  
Absolute Frame ◽  
The Universe

The confused state of theoretical physics in 1900 and the great unresolved issues are summarized, one of which led to the birth of quantum mechanics, and the other to relativity. How it seemed impossible to reconcile Bradley’s measurements of the speed of light with Fresnel’s Aether drag hypothesis, which was well supported by Fizeau’s measurements in Paris of the speed of light in a moving medium (flowing water). Maxwell’s equations predicted a constant speed of light, suggesting an absolute frame of reference in the universe, but did not “transform” in the same way as Newton’s equations from one moving observer to another. How Einstein made sense of all these rival theories and experimental results with his unifying theory of relativity, based on two assumptions. His life and work is discussed, and a simple explanation given of his relativity theory. How the failure of this search for an absolute frame of reference in our universe led him inexorably to perhaps the most famous equation in physics E = mc2, giving the energy release from nuclear explosions and the stars.

Gravity as the curvature of the wave function of the universe.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitaly Kuyukov
Keyword(s):  
Wave Function ◽  
Wave Functions ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Reference Systems ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
General Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Principle Of Equivalence ◽  
Relative Wave Function ◽  
New Equation ◽  
The Universe

Modern general theory of relativity considers gravity as the curvature of space-time. The theory is based on the principle of equivalence. All bodies fall with the same acceleration in the gravitational field, which is equivalent to locally accelerated reference systems. In this article, we will affirm the concept of gravity as the curvature of the relative wave function of the Universe. That is, a change in the phase of the universal wave function of the Universe near a massive body leads to a change in all other wave functions of bodies. The main task is to find the form of the relative wave function of the Universe, as well as a new equation of gravity for connecting the curvature of the wave function and the density of matter.

On the matter of proving Euclidean fifth postulate and the origin of non-Euclidean geometries

2019 ◽  
Vol 950 (8) ◽  
pp. 2-11
Author(s):  
S.A. Tolchelnikova ◽  
K.N. Naumov
Keyword(s):  
Celestial Mechanics ◽  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
Relativity Theory ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
The Third ◽  
Stellar Astronomy ◽  
Spherical Surfaces ◽  
Mathematical System ◽  
Solar System Bodies ◽  
The Universe

The Euclidean geometry was developed as a mathematical system due to generalizing thousands years of measurements on the plane and spherical surfaces. The development of celestial mechanics and stellar astronomy confirmed its validity as mathematical principles of natural philosophy, in particular for studying the Solar System bodies’ and Galaxy stars motions. In the non-Euclidean geometries by Lobachevsky and Riemann, the third axiom of modern geometry manuals is substituted. We show that the third axiom of these manuals is a corollary of the Fifth Euclidean postulate. The idea of spherical, Riemannian space of the Universe and local curvatures of space, depending on body mass, was inculcated into celestial mechanics, astronomy and geodesy along with the theory of relativity. The mathematical apparatus of the relativity theory was created from immeasurable quantities

INFLATION, QUINTESSENCE PROBLEM AND VARYING SPEED OF LIGHT

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (05) ◽  
pp. 295-302
Author(s):  
SUBENOY CHAKRABORTY
Keyword(s):  
Cosmological Constant ◽  
Accelerated Expansion ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
The Universe

In this paper it is shown that the present accelerated expansion of the Universe can be explained only by considering variation of the speed of light, without taking into account the cosmological constant or quintessence matter.

The Ultimate Sophistication of Special Theory of Relativity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Hamdoon A. Khan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Special Relativity ◽  
Special Theory ◽  
Mathematical Approach ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Special Theory Of Relativity ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Past ◽  
The One ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Faster Than Light

With the consideration of the light which carries the photon particles, the Lorentz transformation was constructed with an impressive mathematical approach. But the generalization of that equation for all the velocities of the universe is direct enforcement on other things not to travel faster than light. It has created serious issues in every scientific research that was done in the last century based on the special theory of relativity. This paper replaces the velocity of light with some other velocities and shows us the possible consequences and highlights the issues of special relativity. If I travel through my past or future and was able to see another me there, who would be the real Hamdoon I or the one I see there in the past or future! If the real one is only me, the one I saw, is not me, so, I could not travel through my or someone else's past or future. Therefore, no one can travel through time. If both of us are the same, can the key of personal identity be duplicated or be separated into two or more parts? These are some of the fundamental philosophical arguments that annihilate the concept of time travel which is one of the sequels of special relativity.

Albert Einstein’s Epistemic Virtues and Vices

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 175-195
Author(s):  
Vladimir P. Vizgin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
General Relativity ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Special Theory ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Mathematical Aspect ◽  
General Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Special Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Epistemic Virtues ◽  
The Universe

The article is based on the concepts of epistemic virtues and epistemic vices and explores A. Einstein’s contribution to the creation of fundamental physical theories, namely the special theory of relativity and general theory of relativity, as well as to the development of a unified field theory on the basis of the geometric field program, which never led to success. Among the main epistemic virtues that led Einstein to success in the construction of the special theory of relativity are the following: a unique physical intuition based on the method of thought experiment and the need for an experimental justification of space-time concepts; striving for simplicity and elegance of theory; scientific courage, rebelliousness, signifying the readiness to engage in confrontation with scientific conventional dogmas and authorities. In the creation of general theory of relativity, another intellectual virtue was added to these virtues: the belief in the heuristic power of the mathematical aspect of physics. At the same time, he had to overcome his initial underestimation of the H. Minkowski’s four-dimensional concept of space and time, which has manifested in a distinctive flexibility of thinking typical for Einstein in his early years. The creative role of Einstein’s mistakes on the way to general relativity was emphasized. These mistakes were mostly related to the difficulties of harmonizing the mathematical and physical aspects of theory, less so to epistemic vices. The ambivalence of the concept of epistemic virtues, which can be transformed into epistemic vices, is noted. This transformation happened in the second half of Einstein’s life, when he for more than thirty years unsuccessfully tried to build a unified geometric field theory and to find an alternative to quantum mechanics with their probabilistic and Copenhagen interpretation In this case, we can talk about the following epistemic vices: the revaluation of mathematical aspect and underestimation of experimentally – empirical aspect of the theory; adopting the concepts general relativity is based on (continualism, classical causality, geometric nature of fundamental interactions) as fundamental; unprecedented persistence in defending the GFP (geometrical field program), despite its failures, and a certain loss of the flexibility of thinking. A cosmological history that is associated both with the application of GTR (general theory of relativity) to the structure of the Universe, and with the missed possibility of discovering the theory of the expanding Universe is intermediate in relation to Einstein’s epistemic virtues and vices. This opportunity was realized by A.A. Friedmann, who defeated Einstein in the dispute about if the Universe was stationary or nonstationary. In this dispute some of Einstein’s vices were revealed, which Friedman did not have. The connection between epistemic virtues and the methodological principles of physics and also with the “fallibilist” concept of scientific knowledge development has been noted.

scholarly journals On the Dependence of the Relativistic Angular Momentum of a Uniform Ball on the Radius and Angular Velocity of Rotation

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Sergey G. Fedosin
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Neutron Star ◽  
Angular Velocity ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Nonlinear Function ◽  
Kerr Black Hole ◽  
Special Theory ◽  
Spherical Body ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Speed Of Light

In the framework of the special theory of relativity, elementary formulas are used to derive the formula for determining the relativistic angular momentum of a rotating ideal uniform ball. The moment of inertia of such a ball turns out to be a nonlinear function of the angular velocity of rotation. Application of this formula to the neutron star PSR J1614-2230 shows that due to relativistic corrections the angular momentum of the star increases tenfold as compared to the nonrelativistic formula. For the proton and neutron star PSR J1748-2446ad the velocities of their surface’s motion are calculated, which reach the values of the order of 30% and 19% of the speed of light, respectively. Using the formula for the relativistic angular momentum of a uniform ball, it is easy to obtain the formula for the angular momentum of a thin spherical shell depending on its thickness, radius, mass density, and angular velocity of rotation. As a result, considering a spherical body consisting of a set of such shells it becomes possible to accurately determine its angular momentum as the sum of the angular momenta of all the body’s shells. Two expressions are provided for the maximum possible angular momentum of the ball based on the rotation of the ball’s surface at the speed of light and based on the condition of integrity of the gravitationally bound body at the balance of the gravitational and centripetal forces. Comparison with the results of the general theory of relativity shows the difference in angular momentum of the order of 25% for an extremal Kerr black hole.

scholarly journals Special Relativity sans Lorentz Transformation (OR) Perceptional Relativity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastin Patrick Asokan
Keyword(s):  
Special Relativity ◽  
Lorentz Transformation ◽  
Special Theory ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Special Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Inertial Frames ◽  
Impossible Task

Abstract This paper shows that from the fact that the same Reality is perceived differently by the observers in different inertial frames, we can draw a simple and straightforward explanation for the constancy of light's speed in all inertial frames without any need for bringing in paradoxical Lorentz Transformation. This paper also proves that Lorentz Transformation has failed in its attempt to do the impossible task of establishing t' ≠ t to explain the constancy of the speed of light in all inertial frames without contradicting the interchangeability of frames demanded by the First Postulate of the Special Theory of Relativity. This paper also points out the misconceptions regarding the claimed experimental verifications of Lorentz Transformation's predictions in the Hafele–Keating experiment and μ meson experiment. This paper concludes that Einstein's Special Theory Relativity can stand on its own merits without Lorentz Transformation.

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