scholarly journals Leksikal Pemarkah Evidensial pada Bahasa Kualuh

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuzwaty
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Small Region ◽  
Interpersonal Interaction ◽  
Language Community ◽  
Majority Population ◽  
Visual Mark

Bahasa Kualuh is a vernacular used as a medium of communication by the language community of Kualuh. Kualuh is a small region on the coast of Malacca. It is one part of North Sumatera Province, Indonesia. The majority population in Kualuh is Malay. They call their language, bahasa Kualuh or cakap Kualuh. This study aims at describing the lexical of evidential marks used by the language community of Bahasa Kualuh. Bahasa kualuh is grouped into Malay dialect repertoire. The data was utterances which expressed evidential marks which commontly exist in interpersonal interaction. The utterances obtained were from 6 native speakers as the informants. All of them were born in Kualuh, the range of the ages was from 35 to 45 years and they also married the locals.The indicator of the lexical of the evidential marks in this language evoke in two formulas. The first one is the quatative evidential mark based under the speaker judgment which is posited through the speaker cognition and is reported the result to the hearer. The mark is the lexical kotonyo. The second one is the sensory evidential mark which is related to the evident situation comes from human senses, they are the evidential of visual and non- visual and the evidential of auditory. The visual mark can be expressed by using the lexicals; manengok, tengok pandang, mamandang. The non-visual one is marked by the lexical; raso, piker, agak. The evidential of auditory is marked by the lexical; dongar and mandongar.

scholarly journals “Caint na ndaoine”. The Irish Language as a Precedent for Standardisation

Adeptus ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
Carlo James Waskowski Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Northern Germany ◽  
Language Community ◽  
Irish Language ◽  
Low German ◽  
Regional Language

“Caint na ndaoine”. The Irish Language as a Precedent for StandardisationCritics of the standardisation of the Irish language argue that the “modernisation” of the Irish orthography has been detrimental to the preservation of the various dialects that form native spoken Irish. The effects of standardisation on Irish consequently form an important precedent for language standardisation. The potential alienation of a language’s native speakers is an outcome of standardisation that is obviously destructive for a language community that exists in a minority. The issues that surround the movement for a standardised Plattdeutsch are similar to those faced in the standardisation of Modern Irish. Since the recognition by the European Union of Low German (Plattdeutsch) as a regional language in 1998, there has been newfound momentum in the movement for its reestablishment as a unified language of Northern Germany. One of the great difficulties of this movement however is the lack of any universal orthography due to the separate nature of the language’s dialects. Given the sociolinguistic similarities of these two (albeit unrelated languages), a study of the effects of the standardisation of Irish is useful for an assessment of the possibility of a standardised Plattdeutsch. “Caint na ndaoine”. Język irlandzki jako precedens standaryzacjiKrytycy procesu standaryzacji języka irlandzkiego uważają, że „modernizacja” irlandzkiej ortografii zaszkodziła ochronie wielu dialektów składających się na oralny język natywnych Irlandczyków. Skutki standaryzacji irlandzkiego stanowią więc ważny precedens standaryzacji języków. Możliwe wyobcowanie natywnych użytkowników języka jest w oczywisty sposób destrukcyjnym dla trwania wspólnoty mniejszościowej rezultatem procesu standaryzacji. Zagadnienia towarzyszące ruchowi na rzecz standaryzacji języka dolnoniemieckiego są podobne do problemów standaryzacji, wobec których stanął współczesny irlandzki. Uznanie przez Unię Europejską dolnoniemieckiego (Plattdeutsch) jako języka regionalnego w 1998 dało nową siłę ruchowi na rzecz ustanowienia go ujednoliconym językiem północnych Niemiec. Jedną z wielkich trudności tego procesu jest brak uniwersalnej ortografii, co wynika z różnorodności dialektów tego języka. Zważywszy na socjolingwistyczne podobieństwo tych dwóch (niespokrewnionych ze sobą) języków, studium efektów standaryzacji języka irlandzkiego jest użyteczne dla oceny możliwości standaryzacji dolnoniemieckiego.

scholarly journals تطبيق تعليم اللغة الجماعة في تعليم اللغة العربية

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Andi Arif Pamessangi
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Basic Principle ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Learning Method ◽  
Language Community ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Community Language

The method is the theoretical basis for something important in language teaching, such as teaching Arabic. In teaching Arabic, the method has many roles, such as the steps in giving a better understanding to teachers and students about the grammar of language, its use, and other functions related to language. In this article, the author discuss about one way to teach a language, which is Community language learning. The researcher searches for the importance of Community language learning, its definition, when it originated, its goals, how the functions of the teaching elements work, as well as how they are applied to education and what have its advantages and disadvantages. Community language learning is a method developed by Charles A. Charles A. Curran and his colleagues are also called counseling learning method. Community language learning has some major characteristics. The basic principle of this method is for the teacher to act as a counselor or mentor who plays a negative or inactive role. The aim of this education is to upgrade students' competence in proficiency in the foreign language as native speakers, as well as to increase the confidence and spirit of students in using this language. Community language learning is a valid and appropriate method for Arabic Learning.

scholarly journals Sociolinguistic vitality of Manx after extreme language shift: authenticity without traditional native speakers

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (231) ◽  
pp. 45-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadhg Ó hIfearnáin
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Language Shift ◽  
Indigenous Language ◽  
Language Community ◽  
Language Death ◽  
Language Endangerment ◽  
Alternative Models ◽  
Traditional Language

Abstract This article draws on sociolinguistic fieldwork among speakers of one of Europe's smallest indigenous language communities, a speaker group which persists after the loss of all of its “traditional speakers” within living memory. The extreme language shift experienced by Manx has not led to loss of the language as a spoken and literary medium due to the efforts of significant numbers of language activists and enthusiasts over several generations, from before the loss of the traditional language community to the present. Their actions have resulted in significant linguistic institutionalisation and a rapidly expanding number of speakers of various abilities, some of whom form a new “speaker community”. It discusses the constructions of linguistic authenticity and alternative models for the revival speaker, showing how core groups of speakers have been bestowed with authenticity by the wider non-speaker population, for whom linguists' interest in language endangerment and language death are not primary concerns. The article shows how speakers appropriate and are accorded forms of authority and legitimacy in the absence of traditional native speakers.

scholarly journals Speech Portrait of Personality as a Tool of Forensic AuthorshipAttribution

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Irina Mursa
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Authorship Attribution ◽  
Narrative Strategies ◽  
Language Community ◽  
Identification Procedure ◽  
Informative Feature ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
The Village ◽  
Speech Identification

The article discussesapplication of speech portraitpotential in forensic authorship attribution. An illustrative example is the speech portraits of Russian vernacular native speakers of different ages and genders living in the same language community - the village of Kamyshenka, Altai Krai. The results of the study can be used for speech identification within the framework forensic authorship attribution, since the described lexical and grammatical features of the speech of each respondent form unique combinations that allow for the identification procedure. The nature of the narrative strategies in the structure of the speech portrait is also established, which are no less, if sometimes even a more informative feature of the speech portrait of a linguistic persona than the lexical and grammatical features of the speech.

The presentation of information in bilingual online dictionaries: The case of culture-specific phraseological units

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-179
Author(s):  
Marjeta Vrbinc ◽  
Alenka Vrbinc
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Language Community ◽  
Secondary Importance ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Cultural Information ◽  
Cultural Specificity ◽  
Cultural Component ◽  
Language Pair

AbstractLanguage and culture are closely connected, which is clearly reflected in many phraseological units (PUs). PUs are rarely used outside the language community in which they developed, thus causing comprehension problems to non-native speakers on account of their cultural specificity. That is why dictionaries should include cultural information to enable the users to learn about the cultural background of PUs. In online bilingual phraseological dictionaries, this type of information is of secondary importance if compared with dictionary equivalents, which are of primary importance. The aim of this article is to discuss types of additional information regarded as being of secondary importance and accessible by clicking on extra buttons, the focus being on the presentation of the cultural component. The language pair of sample entries illustrating the use of extra buttons is English and Slovenian, but the same principle could be employed in other language pairs with the necessary language-specific modifications and adaptations.

scholarly journals Ways of conveying ethnocultural lexicon in translation of the novel Eugene Onegin by A. S. Pushkin into Portuguese (on the materials of Dário Moreira de Castro Alves’ translation)

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Vasilisa Andreevna Danilova
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Language Community ◽  
Specific Language ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Eugene Onegin ◽  
Cultural Component ◽  
Linguistic Means

The subject of this research is the ethnocultural lexicon in translation of A. S. Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin” into Portuguese language. The author views the term realia as a lexicon with ethnocultural semantics, characteristic to a specific language community. The research is aimed at the analysis of the means of conveying realia in two non-cognate languages, as well as in determination of ethnocultural differences of the lexemes signifying similar notions. The author believes that understanding and accurate interpretation of culturally marked lexicon are essential for translating foreign literature, studying and teaching foreign languages. Methods of the research are contextual and comparative analysis of the Russian realia in translation, which allowed determining the distinctions in cognition of text among the Russian and Portuguese native speakers. The novelty of this work is defined by reference to the only translation of the novel “Eugene Onegin” into Portuguese language that has not previously been an object of a linguoculturological study. The research revealed that realia may contain cultural component in the meaning of words and their connotation. As a result, the author indicates the differences of linguistic means of conveying realia in the Russian and Portuguese languages, and established the ways of conveying ethnocultural lexicon in translation of the novel, such as correlation, hypo-hyperonymic translation, adaptation, periphrastic translation, and calquing.

The “new” and “traditional” speaker dichotomy: bridging the gap

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (231) ◽  
pp. 107-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Hornsby
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Language Revitalization ◽  
Symbolic Violence ◽  
Minority Languages ◽  
Language Community ◽  
Language Endangerment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Power Differentials ◽  
New Speakers ◽  
Grammatical Structures

Abstract This article analyzes the tensions and dynamics which exist between “new” speakers and other speakers, such as traditional or native speakers of minority languages (MLs), in an attempt to discover just how much of a barrier to communication are the (perceived) differences which are purported to exist between them. The dynamics between “new” and native speakers seem to be complex and nuanced, and “(in)authenticity” can be indexed through accent, the lexicon and grammatical structures, both by local users and more widely by researchers and other interested third parties, reflecting a wide range of ideo-logical stances. Using a critical sociolinguistic framework, these differences are examined from the perspective of the power differentials among and between various ML speakers/users in two situations of language endangerment, Breton and Yiddish. The reproduction of “symbolic violence”, as described by Bourdieu (1991), which results from such differentials can hinder language revitalization projects and can run counter to the interests of the language community in question. Both settings appear to share a commonality of experience that is wider than just the two language communities under scrutiny here and possible ways of reconciling such differences are examined toward the end of the article.

scholarly journals Fun Meets Knowledge: English Enrichment through Camp America

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Stella Prancisca
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Target Language ◽  
English Learning ◽  
Language Community ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Efl Teachers ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Singing Games

American Corner (Amcor) of Tanjungpura University is aware of the need to provide its EFL learners with an English community which facilitate the learners with English speaking atmosphere namely Camp America. Through Camp America program, the participants obtain some crucial learning benefits such as the opportunity of English interactive fun activities in a variety of settings like singing, games, and seminars. Also friendly engaging conversations with native speakers and local fluent English speaking instructors or mentors. Camp America becomes a helpful alternative to tackle limited opportunities of EFL teachers in providing their students with English community and native speakers. Through which the participants can benefit from both recreational English learning and direct engagement with authentic English speaking space that provides participants both target language community and American culture as well as media of enhancing their integrated language skills that they can apply them into a real life practice.

Oral Approach Avoidance

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Godinho ◽  
Margarida V. Garrido ◽  
Oleksandr V. Horchak
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Writing System ◽  
Oral Movements ◽  
Motivational States ◽  
Oral Approach ◽  
Approach Avoidance ◽  
Abstract Words ◽  
European Family

Abstract. Words whose articulation resembles ingestion movements are preferred to words mimicking expectoration movements. This so-called in-out effect, suggesting that the oral movements caused by consonantal articulation automatically activate concordant motivational states, was already replicated in languages belonging to Germanic (e.g., German and English) and Italic (e.g., Portuguese) branches of the Indo-European family. However, it remains unknown whether such preference extends to the Indo-European branches whose writing system is based on the Cyrillic rather than Latin alphabet (e.g., Ukrainian), or whether it occurs in languages not belonging to the Indo-European family (e.g., Turkish). We replicated the in-out effect in two high-powered experiments ( N = 274), with Ukrainian and Turkish native speakers, further supporting an embodied explanation for this intriguing preference.

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