scholarly journals Thermodynamics of indirect water injection in internal combustion engines: theoretical assessment of the fresh mixture cooling effect

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Vaudrey
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Intake Manifold ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Fresh Mixture ◽  
Mixture Density ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The One ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

Water injection is a well-known efficient way to improve the performance of internal combustion engines. Amazingly, most of previous studies have yet only assess this process in an experimental manner, depriving us of an understanding of its specific influence on different operating phases of the engine (density of the aspirated fresh mixture, work required by the compression stroke, and so on) but also of the possibility to predict its effects if set up on an existing engine. Thanks to a theoretical framework specifically developed, and similar to the one commonly used for the analysis of air conditioning systems, we start in this paper to untangle in a theoretical manner the different consequences of water injection on internal combustion engines.This first study is specifically focused on the fresh mixture density increase, due to the vaporisation of liquid water in the intake manifold. Results show that, in the best scenarios, we cannot expect to increase the amount of fuel finally aspirated into the cylinders by more than 10%. The methodology presented here, as well as the python software specifically developed, can be of a precious help for the optimisation of such process if applied to existing or future engines.

Thermodynamics of indirect water injection in internal combustion engines: Analysis of the fresh mixture cooling effect

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 527-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Vaudrey
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Intake Manifold ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Fresh Mixture ◽  
Mixture Density ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The One ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

Water injection is a well-known efficient way to improve the performance of internal combustion engines. Amazingly, most of previous studies have yet only assess this process in an experimental manner, depriving us of an understanding of its specific influence on different operating phases of the engine – density of the aspirated fresh mixture, work required by the compression stroke, and so on – but also of the possibility to predict its effects if set up on an existing engine. Thanks to a theoretical framework specifically developed, and similar to the one commonly used for the analysis of air conditioning systems, we start in this article to untangle in a theoretical manner the different consequences of water injection on internal combustion engines. This first study is specifically focused on the fresh mixture density increase, due to the vaporisation of liquid water in the intake manifold. Results show that in the best scenarios, we cannot expect to increase the amount of fuel finally aspirated into the cylinders by more than 10%. The methodology presented here can be of a precious help for the optimisation of such process if applied to existing or future engines.

Intake Air Path Diagnostics for Internal Combustion Engines

2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Franchek ◽  
Patrick J. Buehler ◽  
Imad Makki
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Flow Sensor ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Intake Manifold ◽  
Fault Estimation ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Sensor Measurement

Presented is the detection, isolation, and estimation of faults that occur in the intake air path of internal combustion engines during steady state operation. The proposed diagnostic approach is based on a static air path model, which is adapted online such that the model output matches the measured output during steady state conditions. The resulting changes in the model coefficients create a vector whose magnitude and direction are used for fault detection and isolation. Fault estimation is realized by analyzing the residual between the actual sensor measurement and the output of the original (i.e., healthy) model. To identify the structure of the steady state air path model a process called system probing is developed. The proposed diagnostics algorithm is experimentally validated on the intake air path of a Ford 4.6L V-8 engine. The specific faults to be identified include two of the most problematic faults that degrade the performance of transient fueling controllers: bias in the mass air flow sensor and a leak in the intake manifold. The selected model inputs include throttle position and engine speed, and the output is the mass air flow sensor measurement.

Mass Air Flow Sensor Diagnostics for Adaptive Fueling Control of Internal Combustion Engines

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Buehler ◽  
Matthew A. Franchek ◽  
Imad Makki
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Intake Manifold ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Sensor Output ◽  
Sensor Faults ◽  
Information Synthesis ◽  
Speed Sensor ◽  
Engine Operating Condition

Presented in this paper is an information synthesis (IS) approach for the mass air flow (MAF) sensor diagnosis on internal combustion engines. An information synthesis solution is attractive for diagnostics since the algorithm automatically calibrates itself, reduces the number of false detections and compresses a large amount of engine health information into the model coefficients. There are three primary parts to information synthesis diagnostics. First, an IS model is used to predict the MAF sensor output based on the engine operating condition. The inputs to this IS model include the throttle position sensor (TPS) and the engine speed sensor information. The second part concerns an online adaptation process that is used to reduce the errors between the IS model output and the actual MAF sensor output. Finally the adapted model coefficients are used to diagnose the sensor as well as identify the source for changes in the sensor characteristics. This proposed solution is experimentally tested and validated on a Ford 4.6 L V-8 fuel injected engine. The specific MAF sensor faults to be identified include sensor bias and a leak in the intake manifold.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF USING ALTERNATIVE TYPES OF FUEL ON CHARACTERISTICS OF WORKING PROCESSES OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

2018 ◽  
pp. 24-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei Pavlovich Glushkov ◽  
Victor Ivanovich Kochergin ◽  
Vasiliy Victorovich Krasnikov
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Synthesis Gas ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuel ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Intake Manifold ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Heat ◽  
Working Processes

In application of alternative types of fuel it is necessary to consider the influence of changing specific heat of fuel combustion and a process of fuel supply on parameters of working processes and external characteristics of internal combustion engines. Besides, it is necessary to consider a possible emergence of backfires in the inlet pipeline and increasing concentration of nitrogen oxides as temperature raises in the combustion chamber. It is offered to consider the influence of changing the kinetics of fuel burning under the change of fuel-air mixture composition on the process of pressure rise in the combustion chamber and, therefore, on the speed and acceleration of the piston, size of an impulse of moving parts, parameters of irregularity of rotating speed and vibration loading of the engine. In terms of using hydrogenous synthesis gas, there has been carried out the analysis of possible influence of its main components on parameters of working process of the engine. The results of theoretical calculation of an increase of combustion heat of working mixture and of pilot testing prove an increase of combustion heat and decrease of total fuel consumption at different levels of feeding synthesis gas to the engine intake manifold. The need to observe a certain proportion of hydrogen supply relative to the main hydrocarbon fuel has been noted. The research results prove that changing characteristics of the fuel used leads to a change of a type of vibration load of the power unit.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF MICROPROCESSOR SYSTEMS CONTROL OF GAS ICE FOR OPERATION WITH LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS

InterConf ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 327-332
Author(s):  
Serhii Kovalov
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Electronic Control Unit ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Intake Manifold ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Electronic Control ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Microprocessor Control

The expediency of converting the transport diesel engines in operation into gas internal combustion engines with spark ignition for operation on liquefied petroleum gas has been substantiated. It is shown that the use of liquefied petroleum gas instead of diesel fuel can reduce the operating costs of vehicles. Multifunctional electronic microprocessor control systems based on Avenir Gaz 37 level “A” and Avenir Gaz 37 level “B” electronic control units have been developed. It is shown that an electronic microprocessor control system with an Avenir Gaz 37 electronic control unit of level "A" allows converting diesel engines into gas internal combustion engines with LPG supply through a gas-air mixer into the intake manifold. The test results showed the high energy and efficient performance of the gas internal combustion engine. The second electronic microprocessor control system with an electronic control unit Avenir Gaz 37 of level "B" allows converting diesel engines into gas internal combustion engines with LPG injection through an accumulative power supply subsystem and multipoint injection of liquefied petroleum gas (Common Rail type) in combination with the use of a contactless electronic subsystem ignition with a movable voltage distributor and a cylinder filling control subsystem with a charge of the working mixture. At the same time, Avenir Gaz 37 "B" ECU with a loaded B1 level software module provides group injection of LPG into the intake manifold and sequential injection with a B2 level software module. The principle of operation of each of the three subsystems, which the D-240-LPG-"B" gas engine is equipped with, is described. The tests carried out on the D-240-LPG-"B" gas engine with the Avenir Gaz 37 "B" control unit confirmed its operability.

scholarly journals The influence of hydrogen addition for exhaust gas emission in SI gas engine

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 241-245
Author(s):  
Karol Grab-Rogaliński
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Intake Manifold ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Exhaust Gas Emission ◽  
Additional Fuel

One of the major problems in internal combustion engines is emission of pollutants with exhaust gases. Those pollutants are not only harmful for environment but also for humans. To decrease emission of pollutants many mechanical and chemical methods are used in internal combustion engines especially in exhaust system such as TWC, DPF, SCR. Alternative way for decrease in exhaust gas pollutants is use of alternative fuel as a primary energy carrier or as an additional fuel for base hydrocarbon one. In this studies the hydrogen was used as a additional fuel to methane. Both fuels were delivered to intake manifold. The share of the fuel was 100/0 methane/hydrogen and 70/30 methane/hydrogen. The addition of hydrogen to base fuel shown decrease of exhaust pollutants from engine and increase in engine operating parameters.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF PROMISING SYNTHESIS - TECHNOLOGY AVENIR GAZ CONVERTING DIESELS TO GAS ENGINES WITH SPECIAL IGNITION

ScienceRise ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Serhii Kovalov
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Intake Manifold ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Microprocessor Control ◽  
Technological Product

The object of research is the multifunctional synthesis technology Avenir Gaz (of various levels of complexity), intended for converting transport diesel engines into spark-ignited gas internal combustion engines (ICE) for operation on liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Investigated problem: the creation of an affordable synthesis technology in terms of complexity and price, which allows converting operating diesel engines into gas internal combustion engines operating on cheaper and environmentally friendly gas fuel - LPG. Main scientific results: Avenir Gaz synthesis technology (two levels of complexity, qualified as levels "A" and "B") for converting diesel engines into gas internal combustion engines is developed and created. It is shown that the conversion of diesel engines according to the Avenir Gaz synthesis technology is carried out on the basis of the developed electronic microprocessor control systems. And the basis of the control systems is the developed and manufactured two electronic microprocessor control units Avenir Gaz 37 (hereinafter – ECU Avenir Gaz 37). ECUs in accordance with the levels of complexity of synthesis technology are qualified as – ECUs Avenir Gaz 37 "A" and Avenir Gaz 37 "B". It is shown that Avenir Gaz synthesis technology of level "A" allows converting diesel engines into gas internal combustion engines with LPG supply through a gas-air mixer into the inlet pipeline. At the same time, the Avenir Gaz 37 "A" ECU, using the signal from the Hall sensor of the distributor, limits the maximum speed of the gas engine, thereby ensuring its safe operation. And the synthesis technology Avenir Gaz 37 of level "B" allows converting diesel engines into gas internal combustion engines providing group or sequential injection of LPG by electromagnetic gas nozzles (injection system of the Common Rail type) into the intake manifold in the area close to the intake valve. Area of practical use of the research results: converting diesel vehicles, including agricultural machinery (powerful wheeled and tracked tractors, combines, etc.) into spark-ignited gas combustion engines operating on LPG. An innovative technological product: Avenir Gaz synthesis technology, which allows converting the transport diesel engines in operation into gas internal combustion engines for operation on LPG. Scope of application of the innovative technological product: naturally aspirated and supercharged diesel engines with the number of cylinders from one to six, in-line and V-shaped, with a uniform alternation of working strokes.

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