scholarly journals Scientific Auditing Firms

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopal P. Sarma
Keyword(s):  
Data Analytics ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Mock Trial ◽  
Heated Debate ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Insight Into

The “crisis of reproducibility” has been a significant source of controversy, heated debate, and calls for reform to institutional science in recent years. As a long-term solution to address both the present crisis and future obstacles, I propose the creation of a new form of research organization whose purpose would be to conduct random audits of the scientific literature. I suggest that data analytics of a digitized scientific corpus may play a critical role in allowing broadly educated scientists to identify linchpin results to investigate in further detail across all disciplines. I argue that a simple “mock” trial run of a simplified auditing firm consisting of several researchers over a short time period would provide valuable insight into the feasibility of this proposal.

The Cognitive Component of Elite High Jumpers’ Preperformance Routines

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-110
Author(s):  
Thomas Gretton ◽  
Lindsey Blom ◽  
Dorice Hankemeier ◽  
Lawrence Judge
Keyword(s):  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Psychological Skills ◽  
Cognitive Content ◽  
Successful Performance ◽  
Cognitive Component ◽  
Inductive Thematic Analysis ◽  
Insight Into

Preperformance routines are microlevel performance processes utilized by athletes to facilitate the attainment of an optimal state and enhance the chance for successful performance. Despite continued examination of these routines, only a small proportion of research has been directed toward the cognitive component of these routines. This study explored the cognitive component of elite high jumpers’ preperformance routines, and specifically the consistency of the cognitive content (i.e., psychological skills and strategies). Data were acquired over an 8-week high-jump season and subjected to inductive thematic analysis. Results revealed the consistent implementation of the cognitive content (e.g., visualization) but an inconsistent design of this content (i.e., the content of the visualization). Furthermore, results underline the critical role of high-jump coaches and an athlete’s need to be adaptable and competent in utilizing various types of preperformance routine. This study offers valuable insight into the complexities and inconsistencies of the cognitive component of high jumpers’ preperformance routines.

scholarly journals Other Types of Meaning: Relationships between Round Barrows and Landscapes from 1500 bc–ac 1086

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwen Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Extended Time ◽  
Generic Group ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Human Practices ◽  
Fresh Insight ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Extended Time Period

This paper is about Bronze Age round barrows and the ways in which they became caught up in human practices over an extended time period. At one level it belongs to a flourishing body of work that examines the ‘re-use’ or ‘biography’ of prehistoric monuments. Rather than treating the latter as a generic group, however, this study focuses on chronologies of one specific monument type—round barrows—over a 2600-year period from 1500 bc–ac 1086. By bringing together evidence and interpretations generated mainly within period specialisms, significant homogeneities are revealed in terms of how activities at prehistoric monuments have previously been understood. The possibilities for seeking out different interpretative ground are duly explored. Using a case study from the east of England and drawing on evidence and ideas from much more broadly, the approach taken places particular emphasis on examining relationships between round barrows and other aspects of landscape. The findings offer fresh insight into the temporality of activities undertaken at round barrows, question existing characterizations of past people's historical understandings, and explore the long-term coherence of ‘round barrows’ as a category.

scholarly journals Embryonic Birthdate of Hypothalamic Leptin-Activated Neurons in Mice

Endocrinology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 153 (8) ◽  
pp. 3657-3667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Ishii ◽  
Sebastien G. Bouret
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Intrauterine Environment ◽  
Hypothalamic Area ◽  
Neuronal Marker ◽  
Paraventricular Nuclei ◽  
Hypothalamic Nuclei ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Insight Into

The hypothalamus plays a critical role in the regulation of energy balance. Neuroanatomical and mouse genetic data have defined a core circuitry in the hypothalamus that mediates many of the effects of leptin on feeding and energy balance regulation. The present study used 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (a marker of dividing cells) and a neuronal marker to systematically examine neurogenesis in the mouse embryonic hypothalamus, particularly the birth of neurons that relay leptin signaling. The vast majority of neurons in hypothalamic nuclei known to control energy balance is generated between embryonic days (E) 12 and E16, with a sharp peak of neurogenesis occurring on E12. Neurons in the dorsomedial and paraventricular nuclei and the lateral hypothalamic area are born between E12 and E14. The arcuate and ventromedial nuclei exhibit a relatively longer neurogenic period. Many neurons in these nuclei are born on E12, but some neurons are generated as late as E16. We also examined the birth of leptin-activated cells by coupling the 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine staining with cFos immunohistochemistry. Remarkably, the majority of leptin-activated cells in the adult hypothalamus were also born during a discrete developmental window on E12. These results provide new insight into the development of hypothalamic neurons that control feeding and identify important developmental periods when alterations in the intrauterine environment may affect hypothalamic neurogenesis and produce long-term consequences on hypothalamic cell numbers.

Analytical Elastic Modeling of Rail and Fastener Longitudinal Response

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812098584
Author(s):  
Matheus Trizotto ◽  
Marcus S. Dersch ◽  
J. Riley Edwards ◽  
Arthur Lima
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Railroad Track ◽  
Track Geometry ◽  
Longitudinal Response ◽  
Ballasted Track ◽  
Track Stiffness ◽  
Component Failures ◽  
Insight Into

The rail fastening system plays a critical role in maintaining proper railroad track geometry by transferring vertical, lateral, and longitudinal forces from the rails to crossties. Broken spikes in elastic fastening systems have been linked to inadequate transfer of longitudinal loads, posing a safety risk for timber crosstie ballasted track. Longitudinal track demand caused by passing trains has been investigated in previous research, but the magnitude and distribution of longitudinal fastener loads is not well understood or documented. To address these track component failures and improve fastener design, this paper presents a validated analytical model that estimates longitudinal rail seat loads, advancing current formulations to focus specifically on the rail seat. The validated method was used to quantify the distribution and magnitude of longitudinal loads in both the rail and fastening system caused by passing trains. Further, this paper quantifies the effect of track stiffness, number of powered locomotives, and wheel spacing on these distributions and magnitudes. This information provides valuable insight into the specific type of spike failures that have led to at least ten derailments and the requirement of manual walking inspections on multiple North American heavy axle load railroads as detailed in this paper. Further, this method can be used to quantify the longitudinal fastener loads for different track conditions to advance the mechanistic-empirical track design philosophy for elastic fastening systems.

scholarly journals Frequently Occurring Melodic Patterns are Easier to Recall

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David John Baker
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Information Dynamics ◽  
Memory Experiment ◽  
Music Model ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Musical Patterns ◽  
Insight Into

Melodic memory continues to present a paradox. Listeners excel at recognizing melodies once encoded in long term memory, but often struggle during encoding. In order to investigate this paradox, we employ a recall design to investigate melodic encoding. Here we report results from a forward, serial recall within-subjects melodic memory experiment (n = 39) using an expert population of musicians trained in moveable-do solfege in order to model melodic memory using music theoretic response categories. Compatible with theoretical frameworks predicting a processing facilitation advantage, more frequently occurring musical patterns are remembered more quickly and more accurately than less frequently occurring patterns. The evidence presented here is consistent with evidence suggesting that latent understanding of musical schemas can be modeled with musical corpora. Further, computationally derived measures related to information processing from both the Information Dynamics of Music model and FANTASTIC toolbox outperform models of melodic memory that only account for the length of the melody measured in number of notes. Results from this experiment demonstrate how expert populations can provide valuable insight into melodic memory and tonal cognition. The framework provided here also provides an empirical basis linking literature investigating melodic anticipation with melodic memory.

scholarly journals Development of an HIV Prevention Videogame: Lessons Learned

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly Hieftje ◽  
Lynn E. Fiellin ◽  
Tyra Pendergrass ◽  
Lindsay R Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Prevention And Health Promotion ◽  
Insight Into

The use of videogames interventions is becoming an increasingly popular and effective strategy in disease prevention and health promotion; however, few health videogame interventions have been scientifically rigorously evaluated for their efficacy. Moreover, few examples of the formative process used to develop and evaluate evidence-based health videogame interventions exist in the scientific literature. The following paper provides valuable insight into the lessons learned during the process of developing the risk reduction and HIV prevention videogame intervention for young adolescents, PlayForward: Elm City Stories. 

scholarly journals Keeping the Competitive Edge of a Convention and Exhibition Center in MICE Environment: Identification of Event Attributes for Long-Run Success

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5030
Author(s):  
Jaeyoung An ◽  
Hany Kim ◽  
Dongkeun Hur
Keyword(s):  
Business Environment ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Operational Strategies ◽  
Competitive Edge ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Environment Identification ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Mice Industry ◽  
Insight Into

Understanding the weaknesses and strengths of event attributes plays a significant role in business survivability, specifically the meetings, incentives, conventions, and exhibitions (MICE) industry, in which the business environment is competitive. To be in business and survive long-term, service and product offerings must satisfy the needs of clients. In the case of the MICE industry, clients include event organizers, planners, and attendees. Thus, the IPA (importance-performance analysis) was conducted with hopes to provide valuable insight into the MICE industry to identify and evaluate their offering (attributes) that can assist Convention and Visitors Bureaus (CVBs) to establish better operational strategies that maintain their economic sustainability. Furthermore, this study also addressed the event planners and organizers’ perceptions toward the environment and social sustainability, measuring the importance and performance of ecofriendly venues and the availability of disabled access, which showed neither significant importance nor performance. However, as the main purpose of the research was to examine the essential venue selection criteria based on the perceptional lens of the event organizer and planners to MICE operators on achieving business sustainability, the findings of this study provide strategical direction to establish, maintain, and improve their facility, service, and products. The study also finds that there are different needs depending on the types of event organizers and planners.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Ketogenic Diets on Type 2 Diabetes: a Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Delphine Tinguely ◽  
Justine Gross ◽  
Christophe Kosinski
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mindful Eating ◽  
Ketogenic Diets ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Short Time

Abstract Purpose of Review To assess the pleiotropic effects of ketogenic diets (KD) on glucose control, changes in medication, and weight loss in individuals with type 2 diabetes, and to evaluate its practical feasibility Recent Findings KD results in improved HbA1c already after 3 weeks, and the effect seems to persist for at least 1 year. This is associated with a reduction in glucose-lowering medications. The weight loss observed after a short time period seems to be maintained with a long-term diet. Adequate support (supportive psychological counseling, enhancing positive affectivity, reinforcing mindful eating) is necessary to achieve a benefit and to assure adherence. Summary Despite the documented decrease in HbA1, a definitive causal effect of KD remains to be proven. KD should be performed under strict medical supervision. Future research should clarify how compliance can be maximized and how ketosis can be optimally monitored.

scholarly journals Linguistic Landscapes as Public Communication: A Study of Public Signage in Gaborone Botswana

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dele Olufemi Akindele
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Language Attitudes ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Linguistic Landscape ◽  
Language Usage ◽  
Road Signs ◽  
Public Road ◽  
Insight Into

The study of public signage is termed linguistic landscape (LL). Landry & Bourhis (1997) define the notion as “the language of public road signs, advertising billboards, street names, place names, commercial shop signs, and public signs on government buildings combines to form the linguistic landscape of a given territory, region, or urban agglomeration” (p.25). The present study intends to contribute to this development in Gaborone the capital city of Botswana. The aim of this study is to show that LL can provide valuable insight into the linguistic situation of Gaborone Botswana, including common patterns of language usage, official language policies, prevalent language attitudes, and the long-term consequences of language contact, among others. This was be done by analyzing the data collected from specific public domains such as street signs, advertising signs, building names, warning notices and prohibitions, billboards, shop signs, informative signs (directions, hours of opening), etc. in Gaborone.

scholarly journals INDICATORS OF INFLUENCE OF SALINITY IN THE RESISTANCE AND RESILIENCE OF FISH COMMUNITY IN A TROPICAL COASTAL LAGOON (SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL)

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Iván Sánchez Botero ◽  
Danielle Sequeira Garcez ◽  
Erica Pellegrini Caramaschi ◽  
Adriana Miguel Saad
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Lagoon ◽  
Fish Community ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Janeiro State

The effects of a disturbance by sandbank opening on the sh fauna community were evaluated through a long-term study in the Imboassica coastal lagoon, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The sh and salinity samples were conducted between 1993 and 2004, with the goal of characterizing the structure and effects of four sandbank openings on this community, such as resilience and resistance measurements. During three sandbank openings, between the years of 1993 and 1996, the resilience time of the sh community could not be identied due to the short time period between openings, their magnitude and the discontinuity of the sh sampling. Monitoring studies previously conducted between 1993 and 2004, indicated that factors structuring the sh fauna of Imboassica lagoon are due to salinity !uctuations, in!uenced by the sandbank openings to which this environment is subjected. These events were indicated by the recolonization of primary freshwater species, oligohaline salinity values, and small variations in the composition and abundance on the sh community. Due to the magnitude and frequency of the disturbance, the ichthyic populations available that enter the lagoon from the adjacent ocean plus the resistance of this environment to salinity variations, determined the resilience and resistance of the sh fauna in the Imboassica lagoon. Thus, the resilience of the sh fauna in this lagoon was indicated in groupings of: a) Spearman probability values lower than 0.05 between the pairs of communities pre and post-disturbance; b) presence of freshwater species that indicate resilience; c) salinity values varying between 0 and 5; and d) small alterations in the abundance of sh populations.

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