scholarly journals Re(de)fining “quality”: A methodological review of qualitative research syntheses in CALL

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sin Wang Chong ◽  
Hayo Reinders
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Research Synthesis ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Methodological Review ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Made In

CALL research, like other sub-fields in applied linguistics, has been dominated by explanatory, quantitative studies which aim to understand the effectiveness of technological innovations. Qualitative research in CALL, on the other hand, has received more attention in recent years, most evidently from the publications of two special issues on qualitative research in CALL by CALICO Journal (2015) and Language Learning & Technology (2018). The inherente strength of qualitative studies in CALL is that they celebrate depth of interpretation by focusing on specific contexts and a small number of participants. Yet this strength can sometimes be perceived as a limitation when transferability and applicability of findings are considered. However, this potential shortcoming can be overcome when findings of multiple studies are meaningfully synthesised, for example, in a qualitative research synthesis (QRS). QRS is a relatively new form of research synthesis in CALL which systematically summarises qualitative findings guided by research questions and a predetermined research protocol. To report current methodological practices and identify areas of strengths and weaknesses, this methodological review analyses the methodological sections of 16 QRS in CALL using a most recent, CALL-based QRS methodological framework comprising seven stages (Chong & Plonsky, 2021). Findings reported include length of methodological sections, implementation of the seven methodological stages, and convergent and divergent methodological practices. Suggestions, especially about qualitative data extraction and synthesis, are made in light of the findings.

scholarly journals Thinking about the Coding Process in Qualitative Data Analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Individual Study ◽  
Methods Textbooks ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Made In

Coding is a ubiquitous part of the qualitative research process, but it is often under-considered in research methods training and literature. This article explores a number of questions about the coding process which are often raised by beginning researchers, in the light of the recommendations of methods textbooks and the factors which contribute to an answer to these questions. I argue for a conceptualisation of coding as a decision-making process, in which decisions about aspects of coding such as density, frequency, size of data pieces to be coded, are all made by individual researchers in line with their methodological background, their research design and research questions, and the practicalities of their study. This has implications for the way that coding is carried out by researchers at all stages of their careers, as it requires that coding decisions should be made in the context of an individual study, not once and for all.

The Structure and Writing of Qualitative Reports

2021 ◽  
pp. 173-196
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
The Third ◽  
Theoretical Literature ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Objective Research

The first section of this chapter contains information related the structure of the introduction of the qualitative projects' reports. Readers should be able to compile appropriate background to the study, statement of the problem, research objective, research questions, significance of the study, and other requirements for qualitative projects. The second section contains details related to the review of literature. The readers should be able to understand and apply empirical and theoretical literature in qualitative projects. The third section discusses the structure of methodology of qualitative projects and the strategies of executing it. The analysis and discussion of qualitative data is discussed in Section 4. The final section contains the concluding structure of qualitative research reports.

Construct creation from research questions

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 1817-1838
Author(s):  
Sarah Forbes ◽  
Mark Avis
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Methodological Problem ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Made In

Purpose Construct Creation (CC) is a methodological problem occurring when a research process, instead of measuring an extant construct in the participant’s mind, creates the construct. The purpose of this paper is to argue that CC derives from problems around ecologically invalid research and attitudinal responses developed on the spot, both resulting from self-generated validity. Design/methodology/approach A between-subjects design was used to explore whether the personification prime (PP), a component of brand personality (BP) methodology, influenced the CC of BP for rocks. Analysis of qualitative data on how participants made their BP ratings in the absence of a PP was also completed. Findings Findings revealed that a methodology can enable CC in the participant’s mind, despite the construct being ecologically invalid prior to them participating in the study. Analysis also revealed that participants will use varied, and sometimes elaborate, strategies to enable CC and provide researchers with the answers to their questions. Research limitations/implications Previous research has drawn attention to CC as a problem but the implications of prior research have so far been “sidestepped”. Consequently, this paper demonstrates CC and why it is a problem, while rebutting some arguments made in prior research for sidestepping CC. Practical implications CC is a potentially serious methodological problem that can result in invalid findings informing or misdirecting theory used by practitioners. As such, this paper proposes methods to ameliorate CC and improve ecological validity of future research. Originality/value This study will contribute to methodological literature by refocusing attention to the currently neglected problem of CC and by proposing a model of CC by participants.

scholarly journals A Practical Application of Analytic Guiding Frame (AGF) and Overall Guiding Frame (OGF): An Illustration from Literacy Education

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Li Chong
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Iterative Process ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Literacy Education ◽  
Analytical Problem ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Qualitative Data Analysis ◽  
Research Questions

This paper illustrates how the Analytic Guiding Frame (AGF) and the Overall Guiding Frame (OGF) are applied when analytic shifts occur in qualitative data analysis. Analytic shifts mainly occur when a proposed analytical method is found to be not fully amenable for analysis because of the contextually-bound nature of qualitative data. In this paper, the illustration located in the field of literacy education revolves around how a methodological and analytical problem was confronted during the fieldwork/analysis stage of research and how analytic negotiations were made with the help of the AGF/OGF framework. From here, it is proposed that much more consideration on matters of epistemology, methodology, research objective and research questions in qualitative research must be made when the iterative process of qualitative data analysis takes place.

scholarly journals Motherhood and Decision-Making Among Women Living with HIV: A Systematic Review with Qualitative Research Synthesis.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariadna Huertas-Zurriaga ◽  
Patrick Albert Palmieri ◽  
Joan E. Edwards ◽  
Sandra K. Cesario ◽  
Sergio Alonso-Fernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Research Synthesis ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Reproductive Decision ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
Reproductive Decision Making ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Objective: To explain the reproductive decision-making process of women living with HIV according to their experiences.Design: Systematic review with qualitative research synthesis. Studies were assessed with the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme and the JBI Checklist for Qualitative Research. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO, and the results reported in adherence with the PRISMA statement and the ENTREQ recommendations.Setting: Studies with qualitative data from member countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development were selected to maintain consistency in the conditions of women living with HIV, including socioeconomic, human rights, and access to health services.Participants: Studies published in journals from 1995 to 2019 with qualitative data about reproductive decision-making among women living with HIV were searched in multiple databases, including CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE (through PubMed), Scopus, Social Science Citation Index, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and the Spanish databases Cuidatge, Cuiden Enfispo, and SciELO.Results: From the 4,198 articles identified and assessed, 18 were included for analysis and synthesis with 1,333 participants from 10 countries. Three meta‐categories were constructed from 15 themes that emerged from 45 subthemes to give new meaning to the phenomena of reproductive decision-making for women living with HIV as 1) Shattered identity, 2) Barriers, inequities, and misinformation, and 3) Coping, resiliency, and support.Key Conclusions: Reproductive decision-making is a complex process with multiple challenges that women living with HIV encounter with knowledge deficiencies and limited social support. Decisions need to be taken judiciously by women living with HIV in collaboration with clinicians within the context of a supportive health system. Implications for practice: An integrated approach to care with comprehensive multidisciplinary counseling are needed to support women living with HIV as they engage in reproductive decision-making. Clinicians require professional development as well as evidence-based clinical guidelines and educational resources to support person-centered care for these women, and their families.

scholarly journals Using Emphasis-Purposeful Sampling-Phenomenon of Interest–Context (EPPiC) Framework to Reflect on Two Qualitative Research Designs and Questions: A Reflective Process

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kalu
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Qualitative Inquiry ◽  
Reflective Process ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Purposeful Sampling ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Study Designs

A satisfactory research question often signifies the beginning point for many researchers. While this can be true for quantitative studies because of pre-defined research questions, qualitative research questions undergo series of revisions through a reflective process. This reflective process provides the framework for the subjectivity associated with qualitative inquiry. The continuous iterative reflective process is an essential component for developing qualitative research questions that correspond with the various qualitative study designs. Although qualitative inquiry is term exclusively subjective, there is a need to use a framework in developing qualitative research questions. The Emphasis- Purposeful sampling- Phenomenon of interest – Context (EPPiC) framework guides qualitative researchers in developing and revising qualitative research questions to suit a specific qualitative approach. This article addresses both the development of a research question using the “EPPiC framework” and demonstrate how to revise the “developed” research question to reflect two qualitative research design. I developed a qualitative research question for Sally Thorne’s Interpretive Description design using the EPPiC Framework and subsequently revised the research question to suit a grounded theory design.

Qualitative Data Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 203-223
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Qualitative Data Analysis ◽  
Grounded Theory Methodology ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Axial Coding

This chapter illustrates how to do qualitative data analysis. The principles of grounded theory methodology are taken as the main reference for developing a rigorous analysis of the data. Several examples and case studies are discussed to show the practicalities of qualitative data analysis. While explaining the mechanisms of qualitative data analysis, this chapter frames data analysis as part of the overall research process. Methods used in qualitative research give access to people's stories and experiences through language and captures the complexities of social processes. Grounded theory methodology is used to illustrate an approach to coding. Coding is about finding key themes in qualitative data in the form of a text and developing explanations of the research questions. Several approaches to coding—from open and axial coding to selective coding—are systematically presented. Issues of validity and reliability of qualitative data are also addressed within the overall process of research and data analysis leading to the writing-up.

scholarly journals It’s More Complicated Than It Seems: Virtual Qualitative Research in the COVID-19 Era

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 160940692110029
Author(s):  
J. Kessa Roberts ◽  
Alexandra E. Pavlakis ◽  
Meredith P. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Qualitative Data Collection ◽  
Made In

COVID-19 has necessitated innovation in many parts of our lives and qualitative research is no exception, as in-person qualitative data collection has been complicated by the constraints of social distancing and the prioritization of participants’ and researchers’ safety. Consequently, virtual methods have quickly gained traction. However, there is little research that comprehensively explores the range of practical, rigorous, and ethical considerations that arise when designing and engaging in virtual qualitative research. Addressing this gap, we examine the process of designing and conducting a virtual qualitative study, using specific examples from our case study of student homelessness in Houston, Texas that drew from semi-structured interviews and the analysis of over 50 documents. Garnering insights from Salmons’ Qualitative e-Research Framework (2016), and benefiting from 22 technical memos that documented our process, we profile the challenges we faced—and choices we made in response—as we designed and conducted our study. Our findings suggest that in practice, engaging in virtual qualitative research, particularly in the era of COVID-19, is a purposive exercise that requires thoughtful, careful analysis around a number of methodological challenges as well as ethical and equity-oriented questions. Our exploratory work has timely implications for qualitative scholars in the current COVID-19 context, but also showcases the potential to conduct high-quality, rigorous, ethical qualitative research in a virtual format, offering a glimmer of hope for more equitable qualitative research in contexts of crisis and beyond.

scholarly journals Om sammenhenger mellom forskningsspørsmål, aksjonsforskning, casestudier og generalisering

2020 ◽  
pp. 163-189
Author(s):  
Kristin Emilie Willumsen Bjørndal ◽  
Svein-Erik Andreassen
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Action Research ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of the article is to contribute to the discussion about the relationship between action research with qualitative data and generalization. Working towards this purpose, we look into two other elements of research design. These two are research questions and case study as a research strategy. We apply theoretical concepts about different types of action research, different types of case study and different types of generalization in qualitative research. We also derive various formulations of constructive research questions. By experimenting with compilations of the theoretical concepts and the various formulations of constructive research questions, we promote a possible mindset about how different types of action research can justify ambition or not ambition of generalization.

scholarly journals Opinions of the prospective teachers about values

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taha Yazar
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Prospective Teachers ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Education Faculty ◽  
Spring Semester ◽  
Interview Technique ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Qualitative Data Collection

As it is known, one of the aims of education is to pass the values of community to the next generation. Educators in the process of this transfer, play an important role at the transfer of values. The aim of this research is to determine prospective teachers studying at Ziya Gökalp Education Faculty opinions about values. This research utilized qualitative research methods. Qualitative data collection techniques is used in research semi-structured interview technique. Participated prospective teachers were studying last year of their teacher education at Ziya Gökalp Education Faculty at Dicle University during 2010-2011 spring semester. Thirty-two prospective teachers participated in the research. The interview data obtained were analyzed through discriptive technique. The results were presented by considering research questions. In order to reflect prospective teachers opinions direct quotations were used. According to the findings from the research, the main values guiding the lives of prospective teachers are moral values, it is followed by economic and religious values.It is understood that prospective teachers have an opinion about family plays an important role in the acquisition of values and educating families is a need to gain values

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