scholarly journals Collaboratively framed interactions increase the adoption of intentional stance towards robots

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulaziz Abubshait ◽  
Jairo Pérez-Osorio ◽  
Davide De Tommaso ◽  
Agnieszka Wykowska
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Humanoid Robot ◽  
The Other ◽  
Classification Task ◽  
Intentional Stance ◽  
Artificial Agents ◽  
Powerful Method ◽  
Color Classification ◽  
Internal States ◽  
Identical Task

When humans interact with artificial agents, they adopt various stances towards them. On one side of the spectrum, people might adopt a mechanistic stance towards an agent and explain its behavior using its functional properties. On the other hand, people can adopt the intentional stance towards artificial agents and explain their behavior using mentalistic terms and explain the agents’ behavior using internal states (e.g., thoughts and feelings). While studies continue to investigate under which conditions people adopt the intentional stance towards artificial robots, here, we report a study in which we investigated the effect of social framing during a color-classification task with a humanoid robot, iCub. One group of participants were asked to complete the task with iCub, in collaboration, while the other group completed an identical task with iCub and were told that they were completing the task for themselves. Participants completed a task assessing their level of adoption of the Intentional Stance (the InStance test) prior to - and after completing the task. Results illustrate that participants who “collaborated” with iCub were more likely to adopt the intentional stance towards it after the interaction. These results suggest that social framing can be a powerful method to influence the stance that people adopt towards a robot.

scholarly journals I Am Looking for Your Mind: Pupil Dilation Predicts Individual Differences in Sensitivity to Hints of Human-Likeness in Robot Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Marchesi ◽  
Francesco Bossi ◽  
Davide Ghiglino ◽  
Davide De Tommaso ◽  
Agnieszka Wykowska
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Humanoid Robot ◽  
Cognitive Conflict ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Pupil Dilation ◽  
Intentional Stance ◽  
Artificial Agents ◽  
Intentional Agents ◽  
Design Stance

The presence of artificial agents in our everyday lives is continuously increasing. Hence, the question of how human social cognition mechanisms are activated in interactions with artificial agents, such as humanoid robots, is frequently being asked. One interesting question is whether humans perceive humanoid robots as mere artifacts (interpreting their behavior with reference to their function, thereby adopting the design stance) or as intentional agents (interpreting their behavior with reference to mental states, thereby adopting the intentional stance). Due to their humanlike appearance, humanoid robots might be capable of evoking the intentional stance. On the other hand, the knowledge that humanoid robots are only artifacts should call for adopting the design stance. Thus, observing a humanoid robot might evoke a cognitive conflict between the natural tendency of adopting the intentional stance and the knowledge about the actual nature of robots, which should elicit the design stance. In the present study, we investigated the cognitive conflict hypothesis by measuring participants’ pupil dilation during the completion of the InStance Test. Prior to each pupillary recording, participants were instructed to observe the humanoid robot iCub behaving in two different ways (either machine-like or humanlike behavior). Results showed that pupil dilation and response time patterns were predictive of individual biases in the adoption of the intentional or design stance in the IST. These results may suggest individual differences in mental effort and cognitive flexibility in reading and interpreting the behavior of an artificial agent.

scholarly journals I am looking for your mind. Pupil dilation predicts individual differences in sensitivity to hints of human-likeness in robot behavior

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Marchesi ◽  
Francesco Bossi ◽  
Davide Ghiglino ◽  
Davide De Tommaso ◽  
Agnieszka Wykowska
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Humanoid Robot ◽  
Cognitive Conflict ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Pupil Dilation ◽  
Intentional Stance ◽  
Artificial Agents ◽  
Intentional Agents ◽  
Design Stance

The presence of artificial agents in our everyday lives is continuously increasing. Hence, the question of how human social cognition mechanisms are activated when we interact with artificial agents, such as humanoid robots, has been asked. One interesting question is whether humans perceive humanoid robots as mere artefacts (interpreting their behavior with reference to their function, thereby adopting the design stance) or as intentional agents (interpreting their behavior with reference to mental states, thereby adopting the intentional stance). Due to their human-like appearance, humanoid robots might be capable of evoking the intentional stance. On the other hand, the knowledge that humanoid robots are only artefacts should call for adopting the design stance. Thus, observing a humanoid robot might evoke a cognitive conflict between the natural tendency of adopting the intentional stance and the knowledge about the actual nature of robots, which should elicit the design stance. In the present study, we investigated the cognitive conflict hypothesis measuring participants’ pupil dilation during the completion of InStance Test. Prior to each pupillary recording, participants were instructed to observe the humanoid robot iCub behaving in two different ways (either machine-like or human-like behavior). Results showed that pupil dilation and response time patterns were predictive of individual biases in the adoption of the intentional or design stance in the IST. These results may suggest individual differences in mental effort and cognitive flexibility in reading and interpreting the behavior of an artificial agent.

scholarly journals Do we adopt the Intentional Stance towards humanoid robots?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Marchesi ◽  
Davide Ghiglino ◽  
Francesca Ciardo ◽  
Jairo Pérez-Osorio ◽  
Ebru Baykara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Humanoid Robot ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Intentional Stance ◽  
Artificial Agents ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Artificial Agent ◽  
Gps Navigation ◽  
Near Future

In daily social interactions, we need to be able to navigate efficiently through our social environment. According to Dennett (1971), explaining and predicting others’ behaviour with reference to mental states (adopting the intentional stance) allows efficient social interaction. Today we also routinely interact with artificial agents: from Apple’s Siri to GPS navigation systems. In the near future, we might start casually interacting with robots. This paper addresses the question of whether adopting the intentional stance can also occur with respect to artificial agents. We propose a new tool to explore if people adopt the intentional stance towards an artificial agent (humanoid robot). The tool consists in a questionnaire that probes participants’ stance by requiring them to choose the likelihood of an explanation (mentalistic vs. mechanistic) of a behaviour of a robot iCub depicted in a naturalistic scenario (a sequence of photographs). The results of the first study conducted with this questionnaire showed that although the explanations were somewhat biased towards the mechanistic stance, a substantial number of mentalistic explanations were also given. This suggests that it is possible to induce adoption of the intentional stance towards artificial agents, at least in some contexts.

scholarly journals Belief in sharing the same phenomenological experience increases the likelihood of adopting the intentional stance towards a humanoid robot

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Marchesi ◽  
Davide De Tommaso ◽  
Jairo Pérez-Osorio ◽  
Agnieszka Wykowska
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Humanoid Robot ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
Social Bonding ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Intentional Stance ◽  
Artificial Agents ◽  
Social Agents ◽  
Phenomenological Experience

Humans interpret and predict others’ behaviors by ascribing them intentions or beliefs, or in other words, by adopting the intentional stance. Since artificial agents are increasingly populating our daily environments, the question arises whether (and under which conditions) humans would apply the “human-model” to understand the behaviors of these new social agents. Thus, in a series of three experiments we tested whether embedding humans in a social interaction with a humanoid robot either displaying a human-like or machine-like behavior, would modulate their initial bias towards adopting the intentional stance. Results showed that indeed humans are more prone to adopt the intentional stance after having interacted with a more socially available and human-like robot, while no modulation of the adoption of the intentional stance emerged towards a mechanistic robot. We conclude that short experiences with humanoid robots presumably inducing a “like-me” impression and social bonding increase the likelihood of adopting the intentional stance.

PROBING AWAY SIDE JET MODIFICATION WITH THREE PARTICLE CORRELATIONS

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (07n08) ◽  
pp. 1982-1987
Author(s):  
◽  
N. N. AJITANAND
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Correlation Functions ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
The Other ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Powerful Method ◽  
Particle Correlation ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Jet Modification ◽  
Rhic Data

Recent experimental investigations have focussed on the abnormal spatial distribution of away side jet fragments as signals of significant medium induced effects. A variety of theoretical models including recent string-theory based efforts have supported the notion of Mach Cone like effects in the low viscosity QGP fluid. However, the presence of significant flow fields may deflect the fragmentation direction producing a significantly differing type of jet topology from that of the Mach cone. Three particle correlation functions constitute a powerful method whereby the predominance of one or the other type of mechanism can be differentiated. In this work the use of such an approach will be demonstrated via simulations and the results of its application to RHIC data will be presented.

scholarly journals Verbal Monomials in English for Audit and Accounting

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Chaika ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Functional Property ◽  
The Other ◽  
Discussion Section ◽  
Work In Progress ◽  
The One

The paper research is work in progress and makes part of a publication set devoted the study of the English monomials and polynomials in the professional domain of audit and accounting, on the one hand. On the other, the research can be treated as a standalone piece for the study into the nature of verbal monomials as set term clusters in English for Audit and Accounting. The scope of research arrives at the following objectives. One objective is to give an overview of the term ‘monomial’ in English for Audit and Accounting, or English for A&A, which leads to understanding of the verbal monomial in English for A&A, correspondingly. The other objective refers to the classification introduced earlier as attributable to the analysis of the structure of the mentioned monomials and polynomials in English for A&A from a morphological perspective of the head term in a monomial, i.e. nounal, verbal, adjectival and adverbial. The said classification in this work associates with verbal monomials in English for A&A only, and provides a relevant sub-classification of the relevant verbal monomials through the lens of their functional properties and roles in a sentence, under the professional language framework. The results and discussion section presents five distinct groups of verbal monomials in English for Audit and Accounting, each corresponding to a specific syntactical role and functional property in a sentence. A variety of the examples helps see and identify the type of the English verbal monomial in the area of audit and accounting.

scholarly journals Democratizing the access to college education: Brazilian race/color classification in affirmative action’s debate

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (100) ◽  
pp. 595-618
Author(s):  
Moema De Poli Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Affirmative Action ◽  
Race Relations ◽  
College Education ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Color Classification ◽  
Racial Identities ◽  
Color Categories

Abstract One of the principal aspects to develop affirmative action in Brazil comprises how to define target population, which includes uses and perceptions of ethnic/racial/color categories. The present paper has the main objective of bringing the analysis about IBGE’s2 race/color classifications contribute to the design of affirmative action in Brazil using categories historically constructed with the endorsement of official statistics. The color issues in the Brazilian Census and the experiences, including the racial designation as an open response, has been studied since 1872, and it is noted that there are two dimensions to be observed in the affirmative action debate: a structural and other cultural involving race/color classifications in Brazil. The statistics are fundamental to build the best evidence in shaping public policy. On the other hand, we must recognize ethnic and racial identities as cultural phenomena that are susceptible to change, which drives us to continue the discussion, trying to capture the meaning of these transformations. The affirmative action debate may not disqualify any of these approaches to knowledge about race relations in Brazil.

scholarly journals Humanoid Robot Control System Balance Dance Indonesia and Reader Filters Using Complementary Angle Values

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 10003
Author(s):  
Sholihin ◽  
Eka Susanti
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Robot Control ◽  
Humanoid Robot ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
The Other ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Time Sampling ◽  
Filter Coefficient ◽  
Reference Axis

The development of increasingly advanced technology, make people want to be more developed and curiosity to know more to determine the development of advanced technology. Robot is a tool that can be used as a tool for people who have several advantages. Basically humanoid robot is a robot that resembles a human being with all the driving structure. In the application of this humanoid robot manufacture researchers use MPU6050 module which is an important component of the robot because it can provide a response to the angle reference axis X and Y reference axis, the reading corner still has noise if not filtered out beforehand. On the other hand the use of Complementary filters are the answer to reduce the noise. By arranging the filter coefficients and time sampling filter that affects the signal updates corner. The angle value will be the value of the sensor to the process to the PID system which generates output values that are integrated with the servo pulses. Researchers will test to get a reading of the most stable angle for this experiment is the "a" or the value of the filter coefficient = 0.96 and "dt" or the sampling time = 10 ms.

scholarly journals The Unstable F-box Protein p58-Ctf13 Forms the Structural Core of the CBF3 Kinetochore Complex

1999 ◽  
Vol 145 (5) ◽  
pp. 933-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain D. Russell ◽  
Adam S. Grancell ◽  
Peter K. Sorger
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Chromosome Segregation ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
The Other ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Centromeric Dna ◽  
Structural And Functional Properties ◽  
F Box Protein

Kinetochores are smaller and more accessible experimentally in budding yeast than in any other eukaryote. Believing that simple and complex kinetochores have important structural and functional properties in common, we characterized the structure of CBF3, the essential centromere-binding complex that initiates kinetochore formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We find that the four subunits of CBF3 are multimeric in solution: p23Skp1 and p58Ctf13 form a heterodimer, and p64Cep3 and p110Ndc10 form homodimers. Subcomplexes involving p58 and each of the other CBF3 subunits can assemble in the absence of centromeric DNA. In these subcomplexes, p58 appears to function as a structural core mediating stable interactions among other CBF3 proteins. p58 has a short half-life in yeast, being subject to ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis, but we find that it is much more stable following association with p64. We propose that p23Skp1-p58-p64 complexes constitute the primary pool of active p58 in yeast cells. These complexes can either dissociate, reexposing p58 to the degradation pathway, or can bind to p110 and centromeric DNA, forming a functional CBF3 complex in which p58 is fully protected from degradation. This pathway may constitute an editing mechanism preventing the formation of ectopic kinetochores and ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation.

Stability Issues with Classifier Using Lukasiewicz Similarity and Modified Schweizer & Sklar Equations

2005 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 514-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasi Luukka ◽  
◽  
Jouni Sampo
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Classification Task ◽  
Classification Problems ◽  
Generalized Mean ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Stability Issues ◽  
Made In

In this article we have tested the stability of a classifier based on Lukasiewicz similarity in the generalized Lukasiewicz structure. We have also tested Schweizer & Sklar's implications with an extension to generalized mean to classification task. We will show that classification results are not so sensitive to p values with Schweizer & Sklar's measures, which indicates a generalized form of equations. In this article we have also tested the stability of these measures. Two different tests for stability were made: In one test the stability was checked with respect to weight parameters and the other test was carried out for idealvectors. The tests were done with five different classification problems.

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