scholarly journals Democratizing the access to college education: Brazilian race/color classification in affirmative action’s debate

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (100) ◽  
pp. 595-618
Author(s):  
Moema De Poli Teixeira

Abstract One of the principal aspects to develop affirmative action in Brazil comprises how to define target population, which includes uses and perceptions of ethnic/racial/color categories. The present paper has the main objective of bringing the analysis about IBGE’s2 race/color classifications contribute to the design of affirmative action in Brazil using categories historically constructed with the endorsement of official statistics. The color issues in the Brazilian Census and the experiences, including the racial designation as an open response, has been studied since 1872, and it is noted that there are two dimensions to be observed in the affirmative action debate: a structural and other cultural involving race/color classifications in Brazil. The statistics are fundamental to build the best evidence in shaping public policy. On the other hand, we must recognize ethnic and racial identities as cultural phenomena that are susceptible to change, which drives us to continue the discussion, trying to capture the meaning of these transformations. The affirmative action debate may not disqualify any of these approaches to knowledge about race relations in Brazil.

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mário Theodoro

Este artigo parte da constatação de que a desigualdade no Brasil tem como cerne a questão racial. E exatamente por seu conteúdo racial essa desigualdade é naturalizada pela sociedade. Programas como o Bolsa Família e o Brasil Sem Miséria trouxeram uma significativa redução da pobreza e da miséria, ainda que os níveis de desigualdade e da própria incidência da pobreza e da miséria continuem extremamente altos. A continuidade dessa trajetória, não apenas de erradicação da pobreza e da miséria, mas de construção de uma sociedade de iguais só será garantida se enfrentarmos o cerne dessa desigualdade: o racismo e seus desdobramentos. Há, portanto, a necessidade de que se dê a real importância às políticas de ação afirmativa como complemento indispensável das políticas sociais clássicas e mesmo daquelas direcionadas ao combate à pobreza e à miséria. A sociedade racista molda instituições racistas. O racismo institucional é a forma mais acabada de mecanismo de exclusão e de negação da igualdade. Em um projeto de sociedade democrática e pluralista o Estado deve funcionar como um potencializador das mudanças. E essas mudanças só ocorrerão na medida em que as ações afirmativas forem utilizadas de forma efetiva e associadas ao conjunto das ações governamentais, sem o que continuaremos a reproduzir desigualdades, ainda que em patamares menores de pobreza e miséria.Palavras-chave: Racismo, questão racial, políticas públicas, ações afirmativas---Relaciones raciales, el racismo y las políticas públicas en Brasil contemporáneoEste artículo parte de la constatación de que las desigualdades en Brasil tienen en la cuestión racial su punto neurálgico. Justamente por su contenido racial, las desigualdades han sido naturalizadas por la sociedad. Programas como « Bolsa Familia » y «Brasil Sin Miseria »generaron una reducción significativa de la pobreza y la miseria, a pesar de que los niveles de desigualdad y de la incidencia de la pobreza y la miseria siguen siendo extremadamente altos. La continuación de esta tendencia, no sólo para la erradicación de la pobreza y la miseria, sino para construir una sociedad de iguales sólo se garantizará si nos enfrentamos a la esencia de esta desigualdad: el racismo y sus consecuencias. Por tanto, existe la necesidad de darle una importancia real a las políticas de acción afirmativa como un complemento necesario de las políticas sociales clásicas e incluso de las destinadas a la lucha contra la pobreza y la miseria. Una sociedad racista produce instituciones racistas. El racismo institucional es el mecanismo más eficaz de la exclusión y la negación de la igualdad de condiciones. En un proyecto de sociedad democrática y pluralista, el Estado debe actuar como un potenciador de los cambios. Y estos cambios se producirán en la medida en que la acción afirmativa sea utilizada con eficacia y asociada al conjunto de acciones del gobierno, sin lo cual vamos a seguir reproduciendo las desigualdades, aunque con niveles más bajos de pobreza y miseria.”Palabras-clave: Racismo, problemática racial, políticas públicas, acciones afirmativas---Race relations, racism and public policies in contemporary BrazilThis article stems from the observation that the inequality in Brazil has as its core a racial issue. And it is precisely for its racial content that this inequality is naturalized by society. Programs such as "Bolsa Familia" and "Brasil Sem Miséria" have brought a significant reduction in poverty and misery, even though the levels of inequality and the rate of poverty and misery remain extremely high. The continuation of this trend, not only to eradicate poverty and misery, but to build a society of equals will only be guaranteed if we face the root of this inequality: racism and its consequences. Therefore, there is the need to give real importance to affirmative actions as an indispensable addition to the classical social policies and even those aimed to fight poverty and misery. A racist society creates racist institutions. Institutional racism is the most complete mechanism of exclusion and denial of equality. In a project of democratic and pluralistic society, the state should act as a potentiator of change. And these changes will only occur when affirmative actions are used effectively and when such actions are associated to a set of government actions, without which, we will continue to reproduce inequalities, even at lower levels of poverty and misery.Key words: Racism, racial issues, public policy, affirmative action


2021 ◽  
pp. 002193472110064
Author(s):  
Elisa Larkin Nascimento

Abdias Nascimento’s legacy is timely in a world experiencing exacerbated racial conflict and setbacks in public policy addressing inequality. This essay addresses two dimensions: on one hand, Nascimento’s life and work, and the tools he used to combat racism in the diverse realms of social and political activism as well as culture and the arts; on the other, IPEAFRO’s efforts and initiatives to make his legacy a living one, current with the needs of our time. My sources are my firsthand experience as Nascimento’s translator, co-author, and co-worker for 36 years; and his archives, the contents of which IPEAFRO is in the process of organizing, microfilming, digitizing, and making available via internet, a project that I coordinate.


2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-87
Author(s):  
Lakeyta M. Bonnette ◽  
Sarah M. Gershon ◽  
Precious D. Hall

The inauguration of the United States first Black President has prompted mass discussions of race relations in America. It is often articulated that America is now in a post-racial society. However, the question still remains: does the election of a Black president demonstrate that America is now a “color-blind” society? To answer this question, we rely on data collected by PEW (2007). Our results suggest that white and African Americans differ significantly in the extent to which they express post-racial attitudes. Specifically, we find that whites more commonly express post-racial attitudes, claiming that racism and discrimination are rare, in opposition to African American views. On the other hand, blacks are more likely to believe that discrimination still occurs. We further find that whites' post-racial beliefs are significant determinants of their attitudes towards race-related policies, such as affirmative action.


2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Frederich Oscar Lontoh

This research is titled " The influence of sermon, church music and church facilities on the level of attendance”. The purpose of research is to identify and analyze whether sermon, church music and church facilities have influence on the the level of attendance. The target population in this study is a Christian church members who live in the city of Surabaya.. Sample required is equal to 47 respondents. Through sampling stratified Random techniques.These influence was measured using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis, t-test and analysis of variance. Descriptive  analysis  were taken to analyze the level of attendance according to demographic groups.The hypothesis in this study are the sermon, church music and church facilities have positive and significant on the level of attendance. The results showed that collectively, there are positive and significant correlation among the sermon, church music and church facilities on the level of attendance  96,2%. It means that 96,2 % of level of attendance influenced by sermon, church music and church facilities and the other 28,9% by others. All of the variable partially have significant correlation to level of attendance.


2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinay Chauhan ◽  
Sushma Kaushal

Environmental scanning yields greater anticipatory management that provides important inputs for aquitision and use of information for planning and designing organization strategies. Apart from this, effective environmental scanning activities are likely to deal with threats and grasp the opportunities to finally link with enhancing organizational effectiveness. In fact this relationship matrix has led the researchers to conduct an environmental scanning through an examination of the existing status the components of the macro-environment vis-a-vis their relationship with the organizational effectiveness. There are a number of approaches, which describe the macro-environment, of which PEST analysis is regarded as the most common approach for considering the external business environment. Thus, the present study applies PEST analysis to scan the existing business environment. Jammu and Kashmir due to its peculiar political, geographical, economic, and socio-cultural features, had led its cost mountain economy become a distinctive identity. Despite the fact that the state has rich endowments, international relations with its neighbours vis-a-vis its impact on political environment also pose developmental challenges for the business units operating in the state. This has provided valid rationale for conducting the present. The environmental scanning is done through the perception of the select entrepreneurs operating MSMEs in the state of J & K. An impact analysis of environmental factors (PEST) on the organizational effectiveness is also done in the study. The findings of the study show that the political environment of the state that is not favourable for entrepreneural development whereas the rest of the other drivers of PEST i.e. economic environment, socio-cultural environment, and technological environment show a favourable response of the entrepreneurs. In terms of cause and effect relationship, it is found that the first two drivers of the PEST i.e. political and economic dimension impacts OE positively whereas the other two dimensions namely socio-cultural and technological impacts OE negatively but it is pertinent to mention that the impact is very less and is insigninificant. The study also suggests some of strategic options for developing and creating an enabling environment for successful entrepreneurial development to achieve integrated development of the state.


2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumari Kumkum ◽  
R. N. Singh ◽  
Yogershi Rajpoot

There may be so many negative consequences of stress for human beings and dissatisfaction among employees happens to be one of the major problems. It indicates negative feelings that individuals have regarding their jobs or its facets. On the other hand, social support is assumed to be mitigating the relationship between negative aspects of the work environment and job satisfaction. Job stress is said to be associated with job dissatisfaction as well as experience of strain. In view of the above, this study examined the role of job stress and social support in job satisfaction. The sample consisted of 30 school teachers from different school of Varanasi (U.P.). The job stress, job satisfaction and social support scales were administered on the participants. The responses of the participants were converted into scores for statistical analyses. The scores of participants on the scales were correlated. The findings revealed that job stress led to increased job satisfaction. It is against the proposed hypothesis and it appears as if the social support received by the participants is a factor behind it. Two of the four dimensions of social support were found to exert positive impact on job satisfaction but the other two dimensions were not found to be correlated with it. The findings are thoroughly discussed and interpreted.


Author(s):  
Sebastian Lecourt

This chapter considers a series of formative debates in British anthropology from the 1840s through the 1860s and uses them to map out the two dominant constructions of religion whose politics the subsequent authors in this study would reinvent. It describes, on the one hand, a liberal and evangelical construction of religion as the common human capacity for spiritual cultivation, and on the other hand a conservative, reactionary model that interpreted religious differences as the expressions of fixed racial identities that neither civilization nor Christianization could erase. In the work of the Oxford philologist F. Max Müller we see how the former model tended to associate religion above all with language. But we can also see the subtle forms of determinism that it contained—an ambiguity that Arnold, Pater, Eliot, and Lang would explore by picturing racialized religion as a resource for liberal self-cultivation.


2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Cole

Many outcome variables in developmental psychopathology research are highly stable over time. In conventional longitudinal data analytic approaches such as multiple regression, controlling for prior levels of the outcome variable often yields little (if any) reliable variance in the dependent variable for putative predictors to explain. Three strategies for coping with this problem are described. One involves focusing on developmental periods of transition, in which the outcome of interest may be less stable. A second is to give careful consideration to the amount of time allowed to elapse between waves of data collection. The third is to consider trait-state-occasion models that partition the outcome variable into two dimensions: one entirely stable and trait-like, the other less stable and subject to occasion-specific fluctuations.


1986 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 15-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus D. Pohlmann

PurposeI wish to describe a role-playing simulation, as opposed to an educational game. A game normally has an elaborate set of rules and requires participants to function within the logic of its own reality. A role-playing simulation, on the other hand, allows the participants to maintain their own personalities and values as they interact within far more general roles and rules, creating a unique reality each time. The goal of this particular simulation is to overcome a public policy problem within a simulated political environment.


2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (03) ◽  
pp. 879-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nader Ebrahimi

Nanosystems are devices that are in the size range of a billionth of a meter (1 x 10-9) and therefore are built necessarily from individual atoms. The one-dimensional nanosystems or linear nanosystems cover all the nanosized systems which possess one dimension that exceeds the other two dimensions, i.e. extension over one dimension is predominant over the other two dimensions. Here only two of the dimensions have to be on the nanoscale (less than 100 nanometers). In this paper we consider the structural relationship between a linear nanosystem and its atoms acting as components of the nanosystem. Using such information, we then assess the nanosystem's limiting reliability which is, of course, probabilistic in nature. We consider the linear nanosystem at a fixed moment of time, say the present moment, and we assume that the present state of the linear nanosystem depends only on the present states of its atoms.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document