Valorization of waste by-products of rose oil production as feedstuff phytonutrients.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate possibility for valorization of the dry pressed distilled rose petals (DDRP) as a feedstuff phytonutrients in animal husbandry. In connection with the chemical composition and radical scavenging activity of polyphenol complex in rose waste products were studied. The polyphenol composition in dry rose petals, DDRP and waste water after distillation was identified and quantified. The chromatographic analysis was conducted by HPLC-PDA and LC-MS. The experiments were conducted with bird, monogastric and ruminants representatives. A total of 40 one days old chicks from the hybrid combination Ross 308 were distributed into two groups each containing of 20 birds fed for 49 days. The control group C fed with basal diet vs. experimental group R fed with the same fodder plus 40 mg DDRP/kg/d. A total of 72 Danube White 155 days old fattening pigs (both sexes - 36 male and 36 female) of 72.500 ± 1.937 kg were distributed into three groups (one control C and two experimental R1 and R2 supplemented with 0.255 g DDRP/kg/d or 0.545 g DDRP/kg/d). Each one group (24 piglets) was fed for 45 days. A total of 30 numbers of 65 days old lambs from the Synthetic population of Bulgarian milk sheep breed lambs (both sexes - 15 male and 15 female) with average life weight 20.500 ± 1.039 kg were divided into two groups (control C and experimental R) each one containing of 10 animals fed for 50 days. The experimental group was fed with combined feed for lambs granules and ground alfalfa supplemented either 0.545 g DDRP/kg/d. Animals were assessed for average daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio. Thirteen glycosides of kaempferol, ten glycosides of quercetin, six glycosides of gallic acid and the two flavonol aglycones have been identified in dry rose petals. Those polyphenols possess high antioxidant activity and positively influence the growth performance of pigs. The supplementation of pig's feed with 545 mg DDRP/kg/d increased (p < 0.05) with 6.73% the total feed consumption and with 27.05% the average daily weight gain, and decreases with approximately 16% the feed conversion ratio comparing to control group (C) pigs fattening without DDRP supplementation. The studied concentrations of DDRP were not effective in small ruminants and poultry husbandry.

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Growth performances of broilers hybro G+ provenience

Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry ◽

10.2298/bah1104643l ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 1643-1648

Author(s):

S. Lilic ◽

D. Sefer ◽

S. Dimitrijevic ◽

T. Ilic ◽

S. Ivanovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Live Weight ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Daily Weight Gain ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Average Daily Weight Gain ◽

Growth Performances ◽

Fattening Period

In this paper are presented the growth performances (live weight, average daily weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio) of broilers Hybro G+ provenience. Feeding, zoohygienic and zootechnical measures met technological normative for this provenience. Broilers were fed with the complete feed mixtures (producer ?Dren?, Novi Sad) with added anticoccidial salinomycine in the amount of 66 mg/kg up to 35. day of fattening. In last week of the fattening period, salinomycine was not added (drug waiting period is 5 days). Live weight of broilers at the end of trial was 1959.74 g to 2750.48 g (average 2340.62 g). During the fattening period, average daily weight gain was 54.70 ? 5.03 g; it was in the range 45.71-64.39 g. Average daily feed consumption was 87.97 g for all fattening period and feed conversion ratio was 87.97 g.

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Effects of dietary selenium-yeast concentrations on growth performance and carcass composition of ducks

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an16126 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 57 (8) ◽

pp. 1731 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Milan Ž. Baltić ◽

Marija Dokmanović Starčević ◽

Meho Bašić ◽

Amir Zenunović ◽

Jelena Ivanović ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Carcass Composition ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Daily Weight Gain ◽

Control Group ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Dressing Percentage

The aim of the present study was to assess effects of selenium (Se)-yeast diet supplementation on performance and carcass composition in ducks. The study was performed on 240 1-day old ducklings of the same origin (Cherry Valley hybrid), during a 49-day period, which were fed diets supplemented with the following four different levels of Se yeast (ALKOSEL® R397): groups with Se at 0 mg/kg of the diet as-fed, 0.2 mg/kg, 0.4 mg/kg and 0.6 mg/kg. Growth performance (bodyweight, daily weight gain, daily feed intake, feed-conversion ratio) and carcass characteristics (hot and cold carcass weight, chilling losses, dressing percentage, carcass cut yields, and percentage of tissues in breast and thighs with drumsticks) of the ducks were determined. Animals fed high-Se diets (0.4 mg/kg) had higher (P < 0.05) final bodyweight and daily weight gain (from 15 to 49 days) compared with those fed diets with inadequate (0 mg/kg) or with supranutritional (0.6 mg/kg) Se levels. Ducks fed only with basal diet showed a higher (P < 0.05) feed-conversion ratio (from 15 to 49 days) compared with those supplemented with Se at 0.4 mg/kg and 0.6 mg/kg. Dressing percentage was higher (P < 0.01) in the control group (69.50%) than in the group with Se added at 0.6 mg/kg (66.85%). The weights of basic cuts from the duck carcasses did not significantly differ among compared groups. Moreover, the percentage of skin with subcutaneous fat in breast and thighs with drumsticks increased in Se-supplemented groups compared with the control group, while the opposite was determined with the percentage of muscle. It was concluded that a diet containing 0.4 mg of added Se per kilogram produced the greatest growth-performance results in ducks.

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Effects of Least Cost Homemade Ration on Growth Performance of Sasso and Indigenous Breeds of Chicks

10.20944/preprints202104.0251.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lemma Gulilat ◽

Firew Tegegne ◽

Solomon Demeke

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Daily Weight Gain ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Commercial Diet

The objective of this study was to develop the least-cost starter’s diet and evaluated its effect on the growth performance of Sasso breeds and Indigenous ecotype of chicks under the local condition of the South Gondar Zone. The effects of substitution of different levels of commercial starters ration with homemade diet on the growth performance of Sasso and Indigenous chicks were studied in Hiruy Abaregay village of Farta district. The research area is 586km distant from the capital city of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A total of 510 Sasso T-44 and 90 Indigenous local ecotypes day-old chicks were randomly divided into five groups, each with 102 and 18 chicks, respectively. These were assigned into five treatments in which 100 (T1), 75 (T2), 50 (T3), 25 (T4), and 0% (T5) of commercial starter’s diet in factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 replications for 60 days feeding period. The results obtained indicated that increased levels of substitution of a commercial diet with a homemade diet significantly depressed (p<0.001) mean daily feed consumption and retention of dry matter, nitrogen, and metabolizable energy. Growth rate as measured by mean daily weight gain, mean final body weight, and total feed consumption and feed cost were significantly miserable (p<0.001) in an increased homemade diet. On the contrary, there was an increase in feed conversion ratio and fiber content in high-level dilution of starter’s commercial diet with a homemade diet. However, the groups of chicks on 0, 25, and 50% commercial starters diets replaced by homemade diet were significantly higher (p<0.001) in mean daily feed intake, daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and final body weight attained. The results of this study indicated that up to 50% of expensive commercial starter’s diet could economically be replaced with the least cost homemade diet without adversely affecting the growth performance of chicks.

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Heat treated feeds in turkey feeding

Acta Agraria Debreceniensis ◽

10.34101/actaagrar/26/3047 ◽

2007 ◽

pp. 19-22

Author(s):

István Erdélyi ◽

Péter Bársony ◽

Tamás Pálfy ◽

Istvánné Hermán ◽

Tamás Pálfy

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Standard Method ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Daily Weight Gain ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Average Daily Weight Gain ◽

Heat Treated ◽

Pelleted Feed ◽

The Given

The main aim of our study was to determine the effect of expanded and pelleted feeds, as well as the only pelleted feed based on wheat and corn, on the production of turkeys. In May 2006,, a fattening experiment on turkeys was started on the starter farm of Habar Ltd in Szarvas, owned by the Gallicoop Corporation. 17 day old male turkeys were involved in the fattening experiment. The experiment lasted 117 days. At that time, theanimals were 134 days old. After the experiment was completed, they were slaughtered. The following parameters were examined: growth, feed conversion ratio, carcass traits. Turkey feed were produced separately at different times. Similarly to the standard method of turkey fattening, 8 phases feeding was carried out. The fattening experiment was adjusted on male turkeys in 4×12×6 grouping (4 treatments: expanded and pelleted, and only pelleted corn and wheat feed; 12 repeats: number of pens/treatments; 6 birds/pen) 6-6 turkeys from 12 pens per each treatments were measured individually from the 17th day (starter) and at the time of each following feeding changes and mortality. The average of the group was calculated. The average daily weight gain, proportion of the given feed per pen, feeding changes and mortality were determined. The average daily feed intake and the feed conversion ratio were calculated.

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Tolerance of African giant land snails (Archachatina marginata) to varying levels of table Salt

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v47i4.106 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 37-43

Author(s):

L. C. Ugwuowo ◽

N. H. Anyaokei

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Sodium Chloride ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Shell Thickness ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Daily Weight Gain ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Average Daily Weight Gain ◽

Feed Cost

An experiment was conducted to determine the growth response of African giant land snail Archachatina marginata fed diets containing different levels of sodium chloride. One hundred and twenty snails were subjected to four dietary treatments of T1, T2, T3 and T4 with 0%, 0.25%, 0.5% and 0.75% sodium chloride respectively. The treatments were replicated thrice with 10 snails per replicate. The measured parameters included weight gain, feed intake, shell length, shell circumference and shell thickness. Feed cost, cost of feed per kg weight gain and feed conversion ratio were also calculated. Results showed that there were significant differences (p < 0.05) in average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio, feed cost and shell thickness but there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in cost of feed per kg weight gain, shell length and shell circumference in the snails fed the treatment diets. Treatment 2 had the highest average daily weight gain (0.07±0.01), average daily feed intake (0.91±0.08) and feed cost (7.19±0.64) but the lowest feed conversion ratio (13.15±61.76) while treatment 1 had the lowest average daily weight gain (0.04±0.01), average daily feed intake (0.70±0.20) and feed cost (5.54±0.18) but the highest feed conversion ratio (15.86±0.5). This shows that inclusion of sodium chloride above 0.25% in the diet of Archachatina marginata affects both the feed intake and weight gain of the snails.

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Productivité des cochons d’Inde (Cavia porcellus) supplémentés au Commelina benghalensis et au Moringa oléifera.

Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences ◽

10.35759/janmplsci.v41-2.8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41.2 ◽

pp. 6951-6964

Author(s):

Abossèdé Murielle Lucrèce Faïhun ◽

Coovi Guénolé Akouedegni ◽

Goué Georcelin Alowanou ◽

Pascal Abiodoun Olounladé ◽

Alex Gbêliho Zoffoun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Abdominal Fat ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Daily Weight Gain ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Meat Production ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Leaf Meal

To contribute solutions to the problem of animal protein shortage for human consumption in Cameroon, a study was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Dschang- Cameroon to evaluate the effects of inclusion levels of Tithonia diversifolia leaf meal (TDLM) on growth performance and carcass characteristics of rabbits. The leaves were chopped, boiled for 5 minutes, drained, sundried, milled and analysed for proximate composition in the Laboratory of Animal Nutrition. The leaf meal was used to formulate 4 experimental diets containing 0% (control) 15, 20 and 25% of the TDLM, corresponding to T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively. A total of 40 (20 males and 20 females) 2-months-old rabbits, weighing 1000 ± 125g were randomly assigned to the 4 dietary treatments in a 4 x 10 replicates in a completely randomized design. The live weights of the animals were evaluated weekly for 9 weeks. Eight (8) rabbits (4 males and 4 females) per treatment were randomly selected and sacrificed for carcass evaluation. The data collected were then submitted to one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Mean differences were separated using Duncan. The results showed that incorporation of TDLM induced a decrease in daily feed consumption. The least daily feed intake was observed in treatment T3 (109.14g/d) while the highest daily weight gain (24.49g/d) and the least feed conversion ratio (4.61) were also observed in the same treatment T3. However, no significant differences were observed for these parameters (P>0.05) between the treatments although daily weight gain was higher and feed conversion ratio lower in the males as compared to the females. Carcass yield (C.Y.) was higher in the control T1 (52.39%) though comparable (P>0.05) with all the other treatments. Abdominal fat was significantly (P<0.05) lower (1.90%) in the treatment T0 but it was comparable to T3 while it was highest (2.28%) in T2. However, C.Y. was higher in males and abdominal fat was higher in females when sex was considered. The relative weight of the lungs was highest in T1 (0.55%), liver in T2 (2.25%), kidneys in T1 (0.56%) and the heart in treatment T2 (0.25%) though, there were no significant differences (P> 0.05) observed in organs weights. Although there were significant differences between organs of different sexes, no regular pattern was maintained. These all signified nutritional adequacy at all levels of inclusion of TDLM, improving growth performance at the inclusion level of 25%. T. diversifolia leaves boiled for 5 minutes, sundried and milled can therefore be used as an alternative ingredient which when included in the rations of rabbits up to 25%, still compares well with conventional ingredients in growth and carcass performance irrespective of the sex. However, the use of TDLM could significantly reduce the cost of feeding and enhance meat production as it is relatively more abundant as compared to other ingredients

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ВЛИЯНИЕ КОМПЛЕКСНОЙ МИНЕРАЛЬНО-ВИТАМИННОЙ КОРМОВОЙ ДОБАВКИ «НАДЕЖДА» НА ПРИРОСТ ТЕЛЯТ

Molochnoe i miasnoe skotovodstvo ◽

10.33943/mms.2019.4.37464 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 30-33

Author(s):

M.T. SABITOV ◽

M.G. MALIKOVA ◽

A.R. FARKHUTDINOVA ◽

N.G. FENCHENKO ◽

N.I. KHAIRULLINA

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Live Weight ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Daily Weight Gain ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Average Daily Weight Gain ◽

Live Weight Gain

Изучена и научно обоснована целесообразность использования в рационах телят чернопестрой породы комплексной минеральновитаминной кормовой добавки (КМВКД), в состав которой были введеныингредиенты: обесфторенный фосфат, мел кормовой, цеолит природный, сапропель, сера кормовая, магнезит, соль поваренная, соли микроэлементов и витамины А, D, Е. В экспериментальных исследованиях, проведенных на 4 группах телят, изучили влияние скармливания КМВКД на поедаемость кормов, прирост живой массы, расход корма на получение 1 кг прироста живой массы и рассчитали экономическую эффективность ее применения. При анализе рационов телят установлено, что содержание в кормах кальция, фосфора, магния, серы и микроэлементов (марганца, меди, цинка и кобальта) пониженное. Соотношение питательных и минеральных веществ, степень их доступности для усвоения организмом животных не обеспечивает потребность в них. В исследованиях установлено, что использование КМВКД положительно отразилось на поедаемости, переваримости и усвояемости питательных веществ корма и способствовало увеличению прироста живой массы телят. У молодняка контрольной группы, потреблявшего с основным рационом минеральные подкормки по нормам, среднесуточный прирост составил 750 г, а вIопытной группе, получавшей подкормку по рецепту 1 822,2 г, воII(рецепт 2)850 г иIIIгруппе (рецепт 3)934,4 г, или на 9,63, 13,3 и 24,6 больше, чем в контроле. В опытных группах на получение 1 кг прироста живой массы израсходовано меньше кормовых единиц на 9,74, 12,14 и 19,80 сырого протеина на 11,21, 10,94 и 18,52 и переваримого на 7,65 10,95 и 18,84. Себестоимость 1 ц прироста живой массы у животных опытных групп была ниже на 4,18, 8,93 и 17,13, а рентабельность выше на 4,4, 6,2 и 10,24.The goal of the study consisted in providing scientific evidence of the expediency of using a complex mineral and vitamin feed supplement (CMVFS) comprising defluorinated phosphate, feed chalk, natural zeolite, sapropel, feed sulfur, magnesite, fine salt, salts of trace elements and vitamins A, D and E in rations for BlackandWhite calves. The experiments carried out with four calf groups investigated the effect of the CMVFS on feed intake, live weight gain, feed conversion ratio (per 1 kg of weight gain) and involved the calculation of an economic benefit of using the supplement. The analysis of calf rations has shown that the feeds have low contents of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur and trace elements (manganese, copper, zinc and cobalt). The ratio of nutrients to minerals and their bioavailability do not cover the need of the animals in the elements. The study demonstrated a positive effect of the CMVFS on feed intake, the digestibility and the availability of feed nutrients and the increase of a calf live weight gain. Calves from the control group receiving standard mineral supplements in addition to a base ration had an average daily weight gain of 750 g, an average daily weight gain of calves from the experimental group I receiving the supplement according to the recipe n 1 was 822.2 g, that of calves from group II (recipe n 2)was 850 g and that of calves from group III (recipe n 3) was 934.4 g, or exceeded the control by 9.63, 13.3 and 24.6. In the experimental groups the feed conversion ratio (per 1 kg of weight gain) was less in terms of feed units by 9.74, 12.14 and 19.80 in terms of crude protein by 11.21, 10.94 and 18.52 and in terms of digestible crude protein by 7.65 10.95 and 18.84. The cost value of 1 centner of live weight gain in animals from the experimental groups was lower by 4.18, 8.93 and 17.13 and the profit was higher by 4.4, 6.2 and 10.24.

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Pemanfaatan Tepung Daun Cabe-cabe (Lepidagathis javanica) dalam Ransum Terhadap Performan Ayam Broiler

Jurnal Agripet ◽

10.17969/agripet.v8i2.612 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 27-30

Author(s):

Ucop Haroen

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Coconut Oil ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Daily Weight Gain ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Effect Of Treatment ◽

Range Test ◽

Basal Ration

The effect of cabe cabe leaf (Lepidagathis javanica) in feed on broiler performanceABSTRACT. This study was conducted to determine the effect of using cabecabe leaf (Lepidagathis javanica) into the ration on broiler performance. Design of this experiment was assigned to Completely Randomized Design (CRD) in 4 treatments and 5 replications. Each replication contained 5 chickens. The treatments were R0 = basal ration (as control), R1 = 97.5% of basal ration + 2.5% of cabe cabe leaf, R2 = 95.0% of basal ration + 5.0% of cabe cabe leaf and R3 = 92.5% of basal ration + 7.5% of cabe cabe leaf. Basal ration composed by corn, rice bran, soybean meal, coconut meal, fish meal, coconut oil, mineral mix and premix. Parameter measured was feed consumption, daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio. To determine the effect of treatment on the parameter was analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the significant effect of treatment on the parameter was analyzed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Result of this study showed that using cabe cabe leaf into the ration significantly (P0.05) decreased feed consumption. Daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio. Duncan’s Multiple Range Test showed that feed consumption and daily weight gain were significant (P0.05) different between control and all level of cabe cabe leaf, however, feed conversion ratio was significant (P0.05) different only between control and 7.5% of cabe cabe leaf in the ration. It is concluded that using 2.5% of cabe cabe leaf into the ration reduced feed consumption and daily weight gain but not influenced feed conversion ratio up to 5% of using cabe cabe leaf into the ration.

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Growth performance and fattening ability in castrated male and female East Balkan pigs reared organically in Strandzha mountain

Archiva Zootechnica ◽

10.2478/azibna-2020-0005 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 44-54

Author(s):

Nadezhda Palova ◽

Jivko Nakev ◽

Teodora Popova ◽

Maya Ignatova

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Live Weight ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Daily Weight Gain ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Average Daily Weight Gain ◽

The Difference ◽

Daily Gain

Abstract(An experiment with two groups of East Balkan pigs – castrated males (n=10) and females (n=10), was carried out to study the growth performance and fattening abilities of the animals from the weaning until slaughter. The pigs were included in the trial at 60 day age. The average live weight of the castrated males was 8. 65±1.08 kg and for the females, 8.5±0.62 kg.The pigs were reared using traditional technology, grazing on natural pastures in the Strandzha mountain, Bulgaria. In autumn, acorns were naturally present in their diet. According to the category, the animals additionally received ground organic feed (50% barley and 50% wheat). The trial lasted 304 days (from February to November, 2019). During this period the final live weight of the male castrated pigs reached 88.00 kg while that of the females was 84.4 kg. The difference, however, was not significant. Furthermore, no significant differences in the growth performance characteristics that could be attributed to the sex of the animals were observed. The average daily gain of both sexes tended to be lower in summer and higher in autumn. The feed conversion ratio was higher in summer. The animals showed high average daily weight gain at pasture when their live weight was over 50 kg.

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The effect of zinc supplementation in different types of feed on the performance and health status of IPB-D2 chickens

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/888/1/012072 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 888 (1) ◽

pp. 012072

Author(s):

Siti Khairunnisa ◽

Sumiati ◽

Cece Sumantri ◽

Wiwin Winarsih

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Health Status ◽

Zinc Supplementation ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

The Body ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Feed Conversion

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of zinc supplementation in various diets on the performance and health status of IPB-D2 chickens. Subsequently, about 180 one-week-old IPB-D2 chickens were used in the study and were fed the treatment diets for 12 weeks. Also, this study employed a completely randomised factorial design with six treatments and three replications of ten birds each. These treatment diets included A1, which contained nutrients based on SNI (2013) without Zn supplementation, A2 which is a combination of A1 and 60 ppm of Zinc, B1 which contained nutrients 5% higher than SNI without Zn supplementation, B2 which is a combination of B1 and 60 ppm Zinc, C1 which contains nutrients 10% higher than SNI without Zn supplementation, and lastly, C2 which is a combination of C1 and 60 ppm of Zinc. Furthermore, the data were analysed using ANOVA, and the parameters observed were the body weight, body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, blood profile and the villi surface area of the jejunum. Consequently, the results showed that C2 significantly (P<0.05) increased the body weight and body weight gain when fed to the finisher and grower chickens, respectively. More so, when the finisher chickens were fed the 10% SNI diet, there was an increased body weight gain and also a significantly (P<0.05) decreased feed conversion ratio. Furthermore, the addition of 60 ppm zinc increased haemoglobin significantly (P<0.05), whereas C2 decreased leukocytes significantly (P<0.05) in chicken blood. However, the treatments had no effect on feed consumption in the villi surface area of the jejunum. Therefore, the study concluded that supplementing the IPB-D2 chickens with 60 ppm zinc in a 10% SNI diet resulted in the best performance and health status.

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