scholarly journals Probability of Secondary Crash Occurrence on Freeways with the Use of Private-Sector Speed Data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah J. Goodall
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Queuing Theory ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Incident Response ◽  
Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Loop Detectors ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
Secondary Crashes ◽  
Transportation Agencies

A percentage of crashes on freeways are suspected to be caused in part by the congestion or distraction from earlier incidents. Identifying and preventing these secondary crashes are major goals of transportation agencies, yet the characteristics of secondary crashes—in particular the probability of their occurrence—are poorly understood. Many secondary crashes occur when a vehicle encounters non-recurring congestion, yet previous efforts to identify incident queues and their secondary crashes have relied either on deterministic queuing theory, or on data from uniformly-spaced, dense loop detectors. This study is the first analysis of secondary crash occurrence integrating incident timelines and traffic volumes with widely-available (and legally obtained) private sector speed data. Analysis found that 9.2% of all vehicle crashes were secondary to another incident, and that 6.2% of these crashes were tertiary to another primary incident. Secondary crashes occurred on average once every 10 crashes and 54 disabled vehicles. The findings support a fast incident response, as the probability of secondary crash occurrence increases approximately one percentage point for every additional 2–3 minutes spent on-scene in high volume scenarios.

scholarly journals Probability of Secondary Crash Occurrence on Freeways with the Use of Private-Sector Speed Data

2017 ◽  
Vol 2635 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah J. Goodall
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Queuing Theory ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Incident Response ◽  
Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Loop Detectors ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
Secondary Crashes ◽  
Transportation Agencies

A percentage of crashes on freeways are suspected to be caused in part by congestion or distraction from earlier incidents. Identification and prevention of these secondary crashes are major goals of transportation agencies, yet the characteristics of secondary crashes—in particular the probability of their occurrence—are poorly understood. Many secondary crashes occur when a vehicle encounters nonrecurring congestion, yet previous efforts to identify incident queues and their secondary crashes have relied either on deterministic queuing theory or on data from uniformly spaced dense loop detectors. This study is the first analysis of secondary crash occurrence to integrate incident timelines and traffic volumes with widely available and legally obtained private-sector speed data. Analysis found that 9.2% of all vehicle crashes were secondary to another incident and that 6.2% of these crashes were tertiary to another primary incident. Secondary crashes occurred on average once every 10 crashes and 54 disabled vehicles. The findings support a fast incident response, because the probability of a secondary crash occurrence increases approximately 1 percentage point for every additional 2 to 3 min spent on the scene in high-volume scenarios.

scholarly journals A Comparative UAV Forensic Analysis: Static and Live Digital Evidence Traceability Challenges

Drones ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Fahad E. Salamh ◽  
Umit Karabiyik ◽  
Marcus K. Rogers ◽  
Eric T. Matson
Keyword(s):  
High Volume ◽  
Forensic Analysis ◽  
Digital Evidence ◽  
Incident Response ◽  
Scientific Contribution ◽  
Response Plan ◽  
Technical Challenges ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Categorization Model

The raising accessibility of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), colloquially known as drones, is rapidly increasing. Recent studies have discussed challenges that may come in tow with the growing use of this technology. These studies note that in-depth examination is required, especially when addressing challenges that carry a high volume of software data between sensors, actuators, and control commands. This work underlines static and live digital evidence traceability challenges to further enhance the UAV incident response plan. To study the live UAV forensic traceability issues, we apply the `purple-teaming’ exercise on small UAVs while conducting UAV forensic examination to determine technical challenges related to data integrity and repeatability. In addition, this research highlights current static technical challenges that could pose more challenges in justifying the discovered digital evidence. Additionally, this study discusses potential drone anti-forensic techniques and their association with the type of use, environment, attack vector, and level of expertise. To this end, we propose the UAV Kill Chain and categorize the impact and complexity of all highlighted challenges based on the conducted examination and the presented scientific contribution in this work. To the best of our knowledge, there has not been any contribution that incorporates `Purple-Teaming’ tactics to evaluate UAV-related research in cybersecurity and digital forensics. This work also proposes a categorization model that classifies the discovered UAV static and live digital evidence challenges based on their complexity and impact levels

Collection, Analysis, and Reporting of Kentucky Traffic Incident Management Performance

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110010
Author(s):  
Xu Zhang ◽  
Reginald R. Souleyrette ◽  
Eric Green ◽  
Teng Wang ◽  
Mei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Incident Management ◽  
Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Clearance Time ◽  
Emergency Responders ◽  
Traffic Incident ◽  
Choropleth Maps ◽  
Traffic Incident Management ◽  
Secondary Crashes

Traffic incidents remain all too common. They negatively affect the safety of the traveling public and emergency responders and cause significant traffic delays. Congestion associated with incidents can instigate secondary crashes, exacerbating safety risks and economic costs. Traffic incident management (TIM) provides an effective approach for managing highway incidents and reducing their occurrence and impacts. The paper discusses the establishment and methods of calculation for five TIM performance measures that are used by the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KYTC) to improve incident response. The measures are: roadway clearance time, incident clearance time, secondary crashes, first responder vehicle crashes, and commercial motor vehicle crashes. Ongoing tracking and analysis of these metrics aid the KYTC in its efforts to comprehensively evaluate its TIM program and make continuous improvements. As part of this effort, a fully interactive TIM dashboard was developed using the Microsoft Power BI platform. Dashboard users can apply various spatial and temporal filters to identify trends at the state, district, county, and agency level. The dashboard also supports dynamic visualizations such as time-series plots and choropleth maps. With the TIM dashboard in place, KYTC personnel, as well as staff at other transportation agencies, can identify the strengths and weaknesses of their incident management strategies and revise practices accordingly.

Estimation of Truck Traffic Volume from Single Loop Detectors with Lane-to-Lane Speed Correlation

2003 ◽  
Vol 1856 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaimyoung Kwon ◽  
Pravin Varaiya ◽  
Alexander Skabardonis
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Truck Traffic ◽  
Single Loop ◽  
Loop Detectors ◽  
Time Estimates ◽  
Surveillance Technology ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
Urban Freeway

An algorithm for real-time estimation of truck traffic in multilane freeways was proposed. The algorithm used data from single loop detectors—the most widely installed surveillance technology for urban freeways in the United States. The algorithm worked for those freeway locations that have a truck-free lane and exhibit high lane-to-lane speed correlation. These conditions are met by most urban freeway locations. The algorithm produced real-time estimates of the truck traffic volumes at the location. It also can be used to produce alternative estimates of the mean effective vehicle length, which can improve speed estimates from single loop detector data. The algorithm was tested with real freeway data and produced estimates of truck traffic volumes with only 5.7% error. It also captured the daily patterns of truck traffic and mean effective vehicle length. Applied to loop data on Interstate 710 near Long Beach, California, during the dockworkers’ lockout October 1 to 9, 2002, the algorithm found a 32% reduction in five-axle truck volume.

scholarly journals A AULA DE INGLÊS E O DESMONTE DA EDUCAÇÃO COMO PRÁXIS POLÍTICA: Um projeto de alienação do sujeito social

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 725-752
Author(s):  
Davi Silva Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Social Aspect ◽  
State School ◽  
The Public ◽  
School Practice ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The City ◽  
State Schools

Essa proposta de trabalho visa refletir acerca de questões educacionais em paralelo com a práxis social. Mais especificamente, a ideia é discutir as características e implicações da realidade e prática social dos alunos da escola pública levando em consideração anseios contemporâneos pautados no tema. Os dados analisados foram coletados em uma escola pública situada na cidade de Maringá-PR, no ano de 2009, durante o estágio curricular supervisionado obrigatório de observação – tanto do entorno escolar quanto das aulas. Com enfoque nesse aspecto mais social das práticas educacionais escolares, o principal arcabouço teórico para análise dos dados é aquele oferecido por István Mészáros no livro A educação para além do capital (2008).  Os resultados, não-conclusivos, apontam para um cenário alarmante: se na esfera privada já há tempos a educação se tornou uma mercadoria e os alunos meros clientes, a esfera pública tem sido redirecionada para caminhos análogos, em diversos sentidos.   PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Relato de experiência. Marx. Escola pública.     ABSTRACT This article aims at reflecting upon some educational issues drawn in parallel with social praxis. More specifically, the idea is to discuss aspects and implications of students’ social reality and practice in state schools taking into account contemporary anxieties on the matter. The data analysed has been collected in the city of Maringa-PR, during 2009, as part of my compulsory undergraduate supervised teaching practice took place – regarding the observation of school surroundings as well as of the classes themselves. Focusing on this social aspect of educational school practice, the main theoretical framework for data analysis is brought by István Mészáros in Education beyond Capital (2005). The non-conclusive results pinpoint an alarming scenery: if in the private sector education has for long been turned into a commodity and students into mere clients, the public one has been gradually redirected to analogous paths, in many ways.   KEYWORDS: Experience report. Marx. State school.     RESUMEN Esta propuesta de trabajo tiene como objetivo reflexionar sobre cuestiones educativas en paralelo con la praxis social. Más específicamente, la idea es discutir las características e implicaciones de la realidad y la práctica social de los estudiantes de escuelas públicas, teniendo en cuenta las preocupaciones contemporáneas basadas en el tema. Los datos analizados se recopilaron en una escuela pública ubicada en la ciudad de Maringá-PR, en 2009, durante la pasantía curricular supervisada obligatoria de observación, tanto en el entorno escolar como en las clases. Con un enfoque en este aspecto más social de las prácticas educativas escolares, el principal marco teórico para el análisis de datos es el que ofrece István Mészáros en el libro Educación más allá del capital (2008). Los resultados no concluyentes apuntan a un escenario alarmante: si en el ámbito privado la educación se ha convertido desde hace mucho tiempo en una mercancía y los estudiantes son meros clientes, el ámbito público se ha redirigido a caminos análogos, de varias maneras.   PALABRAS CLAVE: Informe de experiencia. Marx Escuela pública.  

Private Donations for Public Transit: The Equity Implications of Detroit’s Public–Private Streetcar

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Lowe ◽  
Joe Grengs
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Private Funding ◽  
Federal Level ◽  
Public Action ◽  
Sector Funds ◽  
Private Donations ◽  
Transportation Agencies

Transportation agencies are increasingly seeking private sector funding, but resulting deals have implications beyond specific projects. We analyze the broader regional and equity impacts of private funding by examining Detroit’s donation-funded streetcar. Despite potential negative consequences for transit-dependent populations, the longer-term political will forged through streetcar planning has a contingent possibility to enhance regional transit. In addition to donations, the streetcar relies on public sector funds, but we found limited public influence to ensure collective transportation benefits. A federal-level actor did mandate that a regional transit agency form, but more systematic public action is needed.

Application of Queuing Theory to Address Traffic Problems at a Highway Toll Plaza

2014 ◽  
Vol 592-594 ◽  
pp. 2583-2587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dheeraj Duhan ◽  
Nishant Arya ◽  
Prateek Dhanda ◽  
Lalit Upadhayay ◽  
K. Mathiyazhagan
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Waiting Time ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Queuing Theory ◽  
Arrival Rate ◽  
North India ◽  
Service Rate ◽  
Operational Effectiveness ◽  
Toll Plazas ◽  
Toll Plaza

In India, due to the escalating traffic issues, a large number of highways have been built in the recent past, which are maintained by tax collection at toll plazas, by various operating agencies. Due to smooth and hassle free driving on highways, the arrival rate of vehicles at Toll Plazas increases. The arrival rate goes beyond control if the traffic on the highway increases in an uncontrolled manner, with the passage of time. Thus, one of the irrefutable drawbacks of putting up Toll Plazas, is the traffic congestion. The waiting time, in the service lanes, due to such a congestion becomes high and excruciating for the commuters on the route. The objective of this study is to analyze the current situation, of traffic congestion, at a highway toll plaza using queuing theory and suggest possible solutions to encourage greater efficiency, thus reducing waiting time of the customers and money wasted because of that. This study has been carried out in various phases, i.e. problem identification, data collection, data analysis and results at a selected Toll Plaza in North India. The data analysis in the study helps to find out the current operational effectiveness of the Toll Plaza through parameters like, Arrival Rate, Service Rate and Number of toll booths. Finally, possible solutions have been put forward which can be recommended and implemented on various Toll Plazas in the country.

Automated scene analyzer and processor (ASAP) for high volume data analysis

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Beeler ◽  
M.E. Pitkanen ◽  
A.J. LePage ◽  
S.A. Rappaport
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Volume Data

scholarly journals Capacity and Delay Estimation for Roundabouts Using Conflict Theory

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaowei Qu ◽  
Yuzhou Duan ◽  
Hongyu Hu ◽  
Xianmin Song
Keyword(s):  
Queuing Theory ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Conflict Theory ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Delay Model ◽  
Highway Capacity ◽  
Highway Capacity Manual ◽  
Traffic Characteristics ◽  
Capacity Model ◽  
Proposed Model

To estimate the capacity of roundabouts more accurately, the priority rank of each stream is determined through the classification technique given in the Highway Capacity Manual 2010 (HCM2010), which is based on macroscopical analysis of the relationship between entry flow and circulating flow. Then a conflict matrix is established using the additive conflict flow method and by considering the impacts of traffic characteristics and limited priority with high volume. Correspondingly, the conflict relationships of streams are built using probability theory. Furthermore, the entry capacity model of roundabouts is built, and sensitivity analysis is conducted on the model parameters. Finally, the entrance delay model is derived using queuing theory, and the proposed capacity model is compared with the model proposed by Wu and that in the HCM2010. The results show that the capacity calculated by the proposed model is lower than the others for an A-type roundabout, while it is basically consistent with the estimated values from HCM2010 for a B-type roundabout.

scholarly journals Mapping Interfacial Regimes of Control: A Qualitative Analysis of America’s Post-9/11 Security Technology Infrastructure

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-243
Author(s):  
Emma Knight ◽  
Alex Gekker
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Homeland Security ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
The United States ◽  
Privacy Rights ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Security Technology ◽  
Department Of Homeland Security ◽  
Data Analysis Software

Recent technological advancements in surveillance and data analysis software have drastically transformed how the United States manages its immigration and national security systems. In particular, an increased emphasis on information sharing and predictive threat modeling following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, has prompted agencies such as the Department of Homeland Security to acquire powerful data analysis software from private sector vendors, including those in Silicon Valley. However, the impacts of these private sector technologies, especially in the context of privacy rights and civil liberties, are not yet fully understood. This article interrogates those potential impacts, particularly on the lives of immigrants, by analyzing the relational database system Investigative Case Management (ICM), which is used extensively by Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) to track, manage, and enforce federal immigration policy. As a theoretical framework, the we use Benjamin Bratton’s concept of the “interfacial regime,” or the layered assemblages of interfaces that exist in modern networked ICT infrastructures. By conducting a document analysis, we attempt to visually situate ICM within the federal government’s larger interfacial regime that is composed by various intertwined databases both within and outside the government’s realm of management. Furthermore, we question and critique the role ICM plays in surveilling and governing the lives of immigrants and citizens alike.

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