scholarly journals FRUIT AND VEGETABLE WASH-WATER CHARACTERIZATION, TREATMENT FEASIBILITY STUDY AND DECISION MATRICES

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurvinder Mundi ◽  
Richard G Zytner ◽  
Keith Warriner
Keyword(s):  
Wash Water ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Dissolved Air Flotation ◽  
Leafy Greens ◽  
Coagulation And Flocculation ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Reference Tool ◽  
Selection Of

On average, it is estimated that up to 5 liters of wastewater is generated per kg of produce in post-harvest processing of fruit, leafy greens and root vegetables. The typical wastewater parameters vary in concentration (solids content, COD, BOD, nitrogen, phosphorus) based on the produce being processed. The challenge for producers and regulators is that the selection of the appropriate treatment technology is challenging, so decision matrices were developed to narrow down the treatment selections. Wash-waters for different types of fruit and vegetables from two different operation types, washing only vs. washing and processing. Bench-scale treatments selected for testing included settling, coagulation and flocculation with settling, centrifuge, dissolved air flotation, electrocoagulation, screening, and hydrocyclone. The developed decision matrices summarize the removal effectiveness of the different treatments for typical wastewater parameters and serve as a reference tool in understanding wash-water treatment technologies and their effectiveness in treating various wash-waters.

scholarly journals Fruit and vegetable wash-water characterization, treatment feasibility study and decision matrices

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 971-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurvinder S. Mundi ◽  
Richard G. Zytner ◽  
Keith Warriner
Keyword(s):  
Wash Water ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Dissolved Air Flotation ◽  
Leafy Greens ◽  
Coagulation And Flocculation ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Reference Tool ◽  
Selection Of

On average, it is estimated that up to 5 L of wastewater is generated per kilogram of produce in post-harvest processing of fruit, leafy greens, and root vegetables. The typical wastewater parameters vary in concentration (solids content, COD, BOD, nitrogen, phosphorus) based on the produce being processed. The challenge for producers and regulators is that the selection of the appropriate treatment technology is challenging, so decision matrices were developed to narrow down the treatment selections. Wash-waters for different types of fruit and vegetables from two different operation types, washing only versus washing and processing were investigated. Bench-scale treatments selected for testing included settling, coagulation and flocculation with settling, centrifuge, dissolved air flotation, electrocoagulation, screening, and hydrocyclone. The developed decision matrices summarize the removal effectiveness of the different treatments for typical wastewater parameters and serve as a reference tool in understanding wash-water treatment technologies and their effectiveness in treating various wash-waters.

Technological aspects of wastewater management in coastal tourist areas

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derin Orhon ◽  
Seval Sözen ◽  
Erdem Görgün ◽  
Emine Ubay Çokgör ◽  
Nazik Artan
Keyword(s):  
Technology Selection ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Environmentally Sensitive Areas ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Impact On Treatment ◽  
New Applications

Coastal tourist areas should be classified as environmentally sensitive areas. Effective nutrient control should be implemented to safeguard the quality of receiving waters in these areas. In this context, the applicable discharge limitations are reviewed with specific reference to European directives and criteria developed for small coastal residential areas in Turkey are reported; wastewater characterization and its impact on treatment technology selection is reviewed; appropriate treatment technologies are evaluated in terms of selecting new applications and upgrading and retrofitting existing systems.

Monitoring and treatment of selected nanoparticles

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1454-1460 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bruchet ◽  
P. Charles ◽  
M.-L. Janex Habibi ◽  
K. Glucina
Keyword(s):  
Sio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Dissolved Air Flotation ◽  
Flotation Process ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Air Flotation ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Dissolved Air

With their increasing use, nanoparticles will become concentrated in urban effluents in the future. Both adequate monitoring methods and water treatment technologies will be necessary to assess and avoid consumer exposure. This paper reports results in these two challenging areas for both organic and inorganic nanoparticles. Treatment experiments indicate that lamellar settling is better adapted than dissolved air flotation for SiO2 nanoparticles removal. The use of 120 mg/L of Aqualenc coagulant without flocculant addition allows 99% removal to be achieved for an initial concentration of 1 g/L. On the other hand, the dissolved air flotation process implemented under the usual industrial conditions does not permit removal of SiO2 nanoparticles. In this case SiO2 removal occurs only by settling in the flocculator tank. Application of a high resolution liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) technique to a small selection of treated urban effluents indicates that C60 fullerenes are not yet widely distributed in effluents; however non-point sources cannot be entirely ruled out.

Research on Leachate Treatment Process Selection of Guangxi Municipal Solid Waste Plant

2012 ◽  
Vol 260-261 ◽  
pp. 1013-1016
Author(s):  
Hao Cheng ◽  
Ming La ◽  
Jian Hua Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Process Selection ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
Comprehensive Investigation ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Waste Leachate ◽  
Selection Of

Based on the research of municipal solid waste leachate treatment technology in China, aiming at several typical leachate treatment technologies in the Guangxi area, this paper has made analyses and studies. It has made comprehensive investigation of materials, and has obtained the final leachate treatment technology scheme applicable in the Guangxi area.

Characteristics of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Sub-fertile Woman Attending to GOPD in ShSMCH

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Jinnat Ara Islam ◽  
Fatema Ashraf ◽  
Eva Rani Nandi
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovaries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Pcos Group ◽  
Symptom Complex ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Fertile Women

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a condition characterized by menstrual abnormalities (oligo/amenorrhea) and clinical or biochemical features of hyperandrogenism and may manifest at any age. It is a common cause of female subfertility. All the dimensions of PCOS have not been yet completely explored. Methods: It was a cross sectional comparative study carried out at-GOPD of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College & Hospital from January, 2016 to December 2016 on 162 subfertile women. Among them 54 were PCOS group and 108 were non PCOS group. PCOS was diagnosed by (Rotterdam criteria 2003) (i) Oligo or anovulation (ii) hyperandrogenism (iii) Polycystic ovaries. Study was done to evaluate and compare the demographic characteristics, clinical, biochemical and ultrasoundgraphic features of sub-fertile women with and without PCOS. Results: A total of 162 sub-fertile women aged 16-36 years. Mean age was 29.5±5.4. There were significant differences between the two groups in terms of (oligo/amenorrhea), hirsutism, WHR and ovarian ultrasound features. There were no significant differences between two groups in correlations between the level of obesity with the incidence of anovulation, hyperandrogenism or with hormonal features. Conclusion: PCOS is one of the important factors causing Infertility. It is an ill-defined symptom complex needed due attention. There is a need to increase awareness regarding. The clinical features of PCOS are heterogenous thus can be investigated accordingly of selection of appropriate treatment modality. J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, June 2019, Vol.11(1); 17-23

Study on Mechanism of Removing the Organic Matter in Heavy Oil Sewage by the Electric Flocculation Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 535-537 ◽  
pp. 2201-2208
Author(s):  
Yong Wang ◽  
Jie Nian Jie ◽  
Zhi Yong Li ◽  
Li Guo Wang ◽  
Jiang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Tin Dioxide ◽  
Electrochemical Treatment ◽  
Oily Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Oily Wastewater Treatment

Oily sewage is one of the wastes produced in the oil industry production process and its quantity has been increasing year by year, which influences the environment and human health severely. Electric flocculation method is one of the wide application electrochemical treatment technologies for the oily wastewater treatment at home and abroad, which has higher efficiency than other technologies at the aspect of the organic pollutants degradation. A simulative experiment device dealing with heavy oil sewage by the electric flocculation method has been designed in this paper. The mechanism of the electric flocculation method in removing organic matter of the heavy oil sewage by analyzing the change of the composition and content of the organic matter in water samples before and after the process of the electric flocculation has been studied. Research results show: the carbon/tin dioxide electrode is better than the carbon/ ruthenium dioxide electrode in removing organic matter; most alkanes matters in the oily wastewater have been removed in the dispersing oil form by the electric flocculation; as the current density increases, the types and quantity of the response organic matter can be improved while types of the new synthetic organics increase. At the same time, this paper provides a theory support in specific optimization of the electricity flocculation flotation in oily wastewater treatment technology and process.

Comparing the Microbiological Status of Pre- and Postharvest Produce from Small Organic Production

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1072-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
AIXIA XU ◽  
DONNA M. PAHL ◽  
ROBERT L. BUCHANAN ◽  
SHIRLEY A. MICALLEF
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Wash Water ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Organic Farms ◽  
Production Scale ◽  
Safety Risk ◽  
Leafy Greens ◽  
Postharvest Handling ◽  
Food Safety Risk

Consumption of locally, organically grown produce is increasing in popularity. Organic farms typically produce on a small scale, have limited resources, and adopt low technology harvest and postharvest handling practices. Data on the food safety risk associated with hand harvesting, field packing, and packing-house handling with minimal treatment, at this production scale, are lacking. We followed produce from small organic farms from the field through postharvest handling and packing. Pre- and postharvest produce (177 samples) and water (29 samples) were collected and analyzed quantitatively for Escherichia coli, total coliforms (TC), aerobic bacteria (APC), yeasts, molds (M), and enteric pathogens. No pathogens were recovered. E. coli was detected in 3 (3.6%) of 83 preharvest produce samples, 2 (6.3%) of 32 unwashed and 0 of 42 washed postharvest produce samples, and 10 (34.5%) of 29 water samples. No correlation was found between bacterial levels in irrigation water and those on produce. Postharvest handling without washing was a factor for APC and M counts on tomatoes, with lower frequencies postharvest. Postharvest handling with washing was a factor for leafy greens for TC counts, with higher frequencies postharvest. APC (P = 0.03) and yeast (P = 0.05) counts were higher in preharvest than in unwashed postharvest tomatoes. Washed postharvest leafy greens had higher M counts (P = 0.03) and other washed produce had higher TC counts (P = 0.01) than did their preharvest counterparts. Barriers were found to the use of sanitizer in wash water for leafy greens among small farms using organic practices. Hand harvesting and dry handling did not appear to be associated with a significant food safety risk, but washed leafy greens carried higher levels of some microbial indicators, possibly because of the lack of sanitizer in the wash water. The development of resources and materials customized for this sector of growers could enhance dissemination of information on best practices for handling of leafy greens.

Cold spray micro-defects and post-treatment technologies: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Zhizhong ◽  
Han Chao ◽  
Guosheng Huang ◽  
Han Bin ◽  
Han Bin
Keyword(s):  
Cold Spray ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Cold Spraying ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Single Method ◽  
Improved Performance

Purpose The deposition of particles onto a substrate during the cold spraying (CS) process relies on severe plastic deformation, so there are various micro-defects induced by insufficient deformation and severe crushing. To solve the problems, many post-treat techniques have been used to improving the quality by eliminating the micro-defects. This paper aims to help scholars and engineers in this field a better and systematic understand of CS technology by summarizing the post-treatment technologies that have been investigated recently years. Design/methodology/approach This review summarizes the types of micro-defects and introduces the effect of micro-defects on the properties of CS coating/additive manufactured, illustrates the post-treatment technologies and its effect on the microstructure and performances, and finally outlooks the future development trends of post-treatments for CS. Findings There are significant discoveries in post-treatment technology to change the performance of cold spray deposits. There are also many limitations for post-treatment methods, including improved performance and limitations of use. Thus, there is still a strong requirement for further improvement. Hybrid post-treatment may be a more ideal method, as it can eliminate more defects than a single method. The proposed ultrasonic impact treatment could be an alternative method, as it can densify and flatten the CS deposits. Originality/value It is the first time to reveal the influence factors on the performances of CS deposits from the perspective of microdefects, and proposed corresponding well targeted post-treatment methods, which is more instructive for improving the performances of CS deposits.

Influence of the origin of the inoculum on the anaerobic biodegradability test

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Moreno-Andrade ◽  
G. Buitrón
Keyword(s):  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Anaerobic Biodegradability ◽  
Specific Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Selection Of

Five different sources of inocula were studied to determine its influence on biodegradability tests. Inocula were characterized determining granulometry, specific methanogenic activity, solids content, and volumetric sludge index. Also, the fermentative, aceticlastic, hydrogenophilic, OPHA, and sulfate-reducing groups were determined by the most probable number technique. Anaerobic biodegradability tests were conducted with two different substrates, one easy to degrade (glucose) and a toxic one (phenol). The best performance, in terms of percent of biodegradation and lag time, for both substrates, was obtained with the inoculum from a brewery industry UASB. The results can be explained in terms of the initial activity of the inoculum. The influence of the significant variations found in the specific methanogenic activity of the five inocula studied is discussed, in terms of the microbial composition of the samples. The results emphasized the importance of the selection of an appropriate source of inoculum in order to obtain reliable results.

Surgical and Endovascular Management of Patients with Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia: A Single Center Experience

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (12) ◽  
pp. 1453-1457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Paliogiannis ◽  
Giorgio C. Ginesu ◽  
Alessandro Fancellu ◽  
Aldo Pischedda ◽  
Mario Maiore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mesenteric Ischemia ◽  
Celiac Trunk ◽  
Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Single Center Experience ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Clinical Records ◽  
Prognostic Data ◽  
Selection Of

Chronic mesenteric ischemia is a rare intestinal disorder, with a potential evolution toward intestinal infraction. The choice of the appropriate treatment is currently the most crucial issue in the management of patients with chronic mesenteric ischemia. We describe our experience with 16 cases, and we discuss the current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. A retrospective review of the clinical records was performed, and demographic, clinical, therapeutic, and prognostic data were collected. Six patients were females (37%), and the mean age was 62 years. Postprandial pain was present in all the cases, whereas sitophobia and weight loss were detected in 87 per cent of them. Eight patients were treated with open surgery; no perioperative deaths or relevant complications occurred. One patient had a restenosis of the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery 10 months after surgery. No deaths or relevant complications occurred in the remaining patients, who underwent an endovascular procedure. One patient presented a restenosis distal to the vascular stent, whereas two patients died due to comorbidities. The low rates of postoperative morbidity, mortality, and restenosis obtained suggest that surgical or endovascular correction of chronic mesenteric ischemia is satisfactory when performed by experienced surgeons, with an adequate selection of the patients.

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