scholarly journals Pengetahuan Mahasiswa Kedokteran UNS Tahun Angkatan 2018 Mengenai Gonore dan Pencegahannya

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiva Odelia
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Sexual Activities ◽  
The World ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhea ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Health Organization

Sexually transmitted infection (STIs) is infections that transmitted from one individual to another commonly by sexual activities. STIs can also be referred as STDs (Sexual transmitted diseases). In present-day, STIs cause of mortality around the world especially in developed country. There are more than 30 different agents that can be transmitted and cause STIs. One of the most famous STIs that cause by bacteria, is gonorrhea. Gonorrhea is caused by infection of Neisseria gonorrhea by sexual activity and is currently become one of three primary focus infections that require immediate action according to World Health Organization. It can be occured in both men and women even though there is different rate of visibility in the two sexes. In women, gonorrhea often happens to be asymptomatic. Teenager is the group of people who is most susceptible in the spread of STI.

scholarly journals Preparations for implementing human papillomavirus vaccination should begin

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (37) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Lehtinen
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infection ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Vaccination ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
National Programmes ◽  
Health Organization

At a World Health Organization meeting, the latest developments in human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination were discussed. The leading theme that emerged was how to implement within national programmes the concept of vaccinating adolescents both against a common sexually transmitted infection

scholarly journals Time-kill curve analysis and pharmacodynamic functions for in vitro evaluation of antimicrobials againstNeisseria gonorrhoeae

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunniva Foerster ◽  
Magnus Unemo ◽  
Lucy J Hathaway ◽  
Nicola Low ◽  
Christian L Althaus
Keyword(s):  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
World Health ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
In Vitro Evaluation ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Dosing Strategies ◽  
Kill Curve ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Time Kill

Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the Gram-negative bacteriumNeisseria gonorrhoeae. Resistance to first-line empirical monotherapy has emerged, so robust methods are needed to appropriately evaluate the activity of existing and novel antimicrobials against the bacterium. Pharmacodynamic functions, which describe the relationship between the concentration of antimicrobials and the bacterial net growth rate, provide more detailed information than the MIC only. In this study, a novel standardized in vitro time-kill curve assay was developed. The assay was validated using five World Health OrganizationN. gonorrhoeaereference strains and various concentrations of ciprofloxacin, and then the activity of nine antimicrobials with different target mechanisms were examined against a highly susceptible clinical wild type isolate (cultured in 1964). From the time-kill curves, the bacterial net growth rates at each antimicrobial concentration were estimated. Finally, a pharmacodynamic function was fitted to the data, resulting in four parameters that describe the pharmacodynamic properties of each antimicrobial. Ciprofloxacin resistance determinants shifted the pharmacodynamic MIC (zMIC) and attenuated the bactericidal effect at antimicrobial concentrations above the zMIC. Ciprofloxacin, spectinomycin and gentamicin had the strongest bactericidal effect during the first six hours of the assay. Only tetracycline and chloramphenicol showed a purely bacteriostatic effect. The pharmacodynamic functions differed between antimicrobials, showing that the effect of the drugs at concentrations below and above the MIC vary widely. In conclusion,N. gonorrhoeaetime-kill curve experiments analyzed with pharmacodynamic functions have potential for in vitro evaluation of new and existing antimicrobials and dosing strategies to treat gonorrhea.

scholarly journals Diagnosis And Antimicrobial Treatment Of Bacterial Of Neisseria Gonorrhea Infections: Update Review Article

10.3823/0803 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asem A. Shehabi ◽  
Monzer Hamze
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Sexual Contact ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhea ◽  
Health Organization

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are caused by a wide spectrum of bacteria, viruses and parasites. These agents can be easily transmitted during any direct genital or oral sexual contact. Recently, World Health Organization (WHO), reported that more than 1 million STIs  are acquired every day worldwide,  Each year, there are an estimated 357 million new infections with 1 of 4 STIs: chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis and trichomoniasis. There are few studies and official reports published on the prevalence of STIs in most Arab countries. However, few new recent studies showed increased prevalence of certain STIs in some Arab countries.

scholarly journals Bacterial Vaginosis and Sexually Transmitted Infections in an HIV-Positive Cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Nava-Memije ◽  
Cecilia Hernández-Cortez ◽  
Verónica Ruiz-González ◽  
Claudia A. Saldaña-Juárez ◽  
Yazmín Medina-Islas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
World Health ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Genital Infections ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Nations Programme ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
A Prospective Study

The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) suggest that sexually transmitted infection (STI) surveillance should include other genital infections and not only human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). To monitor the concomitance of bacterial vaginosis (BV) and STIs in HIV-seropositive (HIV+) and HIV-seronegative (HIV–) patients, a prospective study was conducted in a cohort of 349 volunteers at a clinic specializing in treating STIs in Mexico City. Microbiological and molecular methods were used to detect STIs and dysbiosis in HIV+ and HIV– individuals. The prevalence of infection was higher in HIV+ (69.28%) than in HIV– (54.87%) individuals. BV was the most frequent infection in HIV+ individuals, and polymicrobial infections were 3 times more common in HIV+ individuals than in HIV– individuals (31.48 vs. 10.98%). Behaviors documented in a self-administered questionnaire included low condom use frequency in HIV+ individuals co-infected with BV or a STI. This finding highlights the importance of surveillance using routine microbiological evaluations for the correct management of genital infections in HIV+ patients because in the presence of HIV, the clinical presentations, courses, and therapeutic responses of some STIs can differ from those in patients without HIV infection.

The Provision of Palliative Care for Noncancer Patients With Advanced Disease: Equity Does Matter

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 932-933
Author(s):  
Abbas Heydari ◽  
Hassan Sharifi ◽  
Ahmad Bagheri Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Clinical Guideline ◽  
Advanced Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Cancer Diseases

According to the World Health Organization, the main mission of palliative care is to optimize the quality of life of patients with serious chronic disease, as well as their caregivers, by providing biopsychosociospiritual care. However, historically, the primary focus of palliative care is on providing care only for cancer diseases. Based on the current literature, it is assumed that palliative care is not provided for many chronic diseases on a regular basis and in many cases, a clinical guideline does not exist for providing palliative care.

scholarly journals Virginity Testing Beyond a Medical Examination

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehri Robatjazi ◽  
Masoumeh Simbar ◽  
Fatemeh Nahidi ◽  
Jaber Gharehdaghi ◽  
Mohammadali Emamhadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Medical Examination ◽  
World Health ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Virginity Testing

<p>Apart from religious values, virginity is important in different communities because of its prominent role in reducing sexually transmitted diseases and teen pregnancies. Even though virginity testing has been proclaimed an example of violence against women by the World Health Organization, it is still conducted in many countries, including Iran. 16 in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants aged 32 to 60 years to elucidate the perceptions and experiences of Iranian examiners of virginity testing.</p><p>The perception and experience of examiners were reflected in five main themes. The result of this study indicated that virginity testing is more than a medical examination, considering the cultural factors involved and its overt and covert consequences. In Iran, testing is performed for both formal and informal reasons, and examiners view such testing with ambiguity about the accuracy and certainty of the diagnosis and uncertainty about ethics and reproductive rights. Examiners are affected by the overt and covert consequences of virginity testing, beliefs and cultural values underlying virginity testing, and informal and formal reasons for virginity testing.</p>

Penile eczema: Not all genital ulcers are sexually transmitted infections

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (14) ◽  
pp. 1443-1445
Author(s):  
John Verrinder Veasey ◽  
Rebeca Ruppert
Keyword(s):  
Complete Remission ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
World Health ◽  
Syndromic Management ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
The World ◽  
Syndromic Approach ◽  
Genital Ulcers ◽  
Health Organization

The presence of genital lesions leads some physicians and patients to instinctively think of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). In parallel, the World Health Organization guides the use of syndromic management to provide early diagnosis and immediate treatment in cases of genital lesions with suspected STI. We present two cases of patients with genital lesions for months that were unsuccessfully treated with the STI syndromic approach. Well-conducted histories were fundamental for the discovery of the eczematous etiology of genital ulcers due to the use of topical products indicated by both physicians and patients themselves, and the established therapy led to complete remission of the condition within a few weeks.

scholarly journals Trichomonas vaginalis screening and prevention in order to impact the HIV pandemic: Isn’t it time we take this infection seriously?

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gweneth Bratton Lazenby
Keyword(s):  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
The World ◽  
Screening And Prevention ◽  
Susceptible Populations ◽  
Hiv Acquisition

Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) is the second most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the world. It is associated with significant morbidity in women: pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), concurrent vaginitis and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), post-operative infection, and pregnancy complications. TV infection has been implicated in HIV acquisition and transmission in men and women. There are multiple mechanisms to explain this association. TV is not routinely screened for in asymptomatic patients; however, infected individuals are most often asymptomatic. Due to the association with the spread of HIV infection, screening should not be limited to symptomatic patients or those seeking treatment for STIs. There are a variety of tests available to detect TV. Treatment of TV has demonstrated lower rates of HIV acquisition in at risk women. In HIV positive men and women, treatment decreases the amount of genital HIV shedding and subsequent infectivity. Initiation of an effective TV screening and treatment program in HIV positive and HIV susceptible populations may limit further transmission of HIV

scholarly journals Profil trikomoniasis di Poliklinik Kulit dan Kelamin RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado periode 1 Januari 2011 – 31 Desember 2015

e-CliniC ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurrahmi Alfari ◽  
Marlyn G. Kapantow ◽  
Thigita Pandaleke
Keyword(s):  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
World Health ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhea ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract: According to WHO in 2008, prevalence of Trichomoniasis is number one of the total number of new cases of sexually transmitted diseases, reaching 276.4 million (Chlamydia trachomatis 105.7 million, 106.1 million Neisseria gonorrhea, syphilis 10.6 million). Trichomoniasis is a protozoal disease that attacks the lower urogenital tract in both men and women and is caused by Trichomonas vaginalis, this disease is usually transmitted through sexual intercourse. In women this parasitic infection mainly causes vaginitis, whereas in men can lead to urethritis but often asymptomatic so men rarely to do the check. This study’s goal to gain trichomoniasis patients profile at the dermatovenereology clinic of Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou General Hospital Manado during the period from January 2011 – December 2015. This is a retrospective descriptive study from the secondary data of trichomoniasis patients based on age, type of job, complaints and clinical findings, and co-infection with other STDs. The results showed of 22 cases with trichomoniasis, found most often in the age group 25-44 years as many as 15 cases (68.18%), with the youngest 16 and the oldest 41 years of age, most of the patients are housewife (45.45%), complaints vary but all come with complaints vaginal discharge, co-infected with other STDs, 7 cases (31.82%).Keywords: trichomoniasis, trichomonas vaginalis, STD Abstrak: Trikomoniasis menempati nomor urut pertama prevalensinya menurut World health Organization pada tahun 2008 yakni mencapai 276,4 juta dari jumlah total kasus baru penyakit menular seksual(105.7 juta Klamidia trakomatis, 106.1 juta Neisseria gonore, 10.6 juta sifilis). Trikomoniasis merupakan suatu penyakit infeksi protozoa yang menyerang traktus urogenitalis bagian bawah baik pada pria maupun wanita dan disebabkan oleh Trichomonas vaginalis, biasanya penyakit ini ditularkan melalui hubungan seksual. Pada wanita infeksi parasit ini terutama menyebabkan vaginitis, sedangkan pada laki-laki menyebabkan uretritis namun sering asimptomatik sehingga pria jarang memeriksakan diri. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui profil pasien trikomoniasis di poliklinik kulit dan kelamin RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado Periode Januari 2011 – Desember 2015. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif retrospektif dari data sekuduer pasien trikomoniasis berdasarkan umur, jenis Pekerjaan, keluhan dan temuan klinis dan ko-infeksi dengan IMS lainnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 22 kasus dengan trikomoniasis, didapatkan paling sering pada kelompok usia 25-44 tahun sebesar 15 kasus (68,18%), dengan usia termuda 16 tahun dan usia tertua 41 tahun., pekerjaan terbanyak Ibu Rumah Tangga (45,45%), keluhan beragam namun seluruhnya datang dengan keluhan duh tubuh, ko-infeksi IMS lainnya 7 kasus (31,82%). Kata kunci: trikomoniasis, trikomonas vaginalis, IMS

scholarly journals A Unique Sequence Is Essential for Efficient Multidrug Efflux Function of the MtrD Protein of Neisseria gonorrhoeae

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Chitsaz ◽  
Vrinda Gupta ◽  
Benjamin Harris ◽  
Megan L. O’Mara ◽  
Melissa H. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Multidrug Efflux ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Health Organization

The historical sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea continues to be a major public health concern with an estimated global annual incidence of 86.9 million cases. N. gonorrhoeae has been identified by the World Health Organization as one of the 12 antimicrobial-resistant bacterial species that poses the greatest risk to human health. As the major efflux pump in gonococci, the MtrD transporter contributes to the cell envelope barrier in this organism and pumps antimicrobials from the periplasm and inner membrane, resulting in resistance.

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