scholarly journals Quality Enhancement of Humid Tropical Soils after Application of Water Hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes) Compost

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainal Muktamar ◽  
Bajora Justisia ◽  
Nanik Setyowati
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Available P ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Coefficient Corrélation ◽  
Compost Application

Compost application to soil leads to the improvement of its properties. However, nutrient content and enhancing capacity of compost are highly dependent on the original source and additive. The purpose of the experiment was to investigate selected soil quality indicators’ improvement and sweet corn growth following application of water hyacinth compost. Greenhouse experiment was carried out using Completely Randomized Design with 2 factors. First factor consisted of soils from humid tropics, i.e. Andepts, Udepts, and Udults and second factor comprised of water hyacinth compost rates, i.e. 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 Mg ha-1. Treatment combinations were replicated 3 times. Compost was incorporated in soil a week before planting of sweet corn. After reaching maximum sweet corn growth, soil sample was collected, air-dried, grinded and passed through 0.5 mm screen, and analyzed for selected soil properties, except microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and particulate organic matter carbon (POMC) which were analyzed using fresh soil samples. The experiment pointed out that application of water hyacinth compost on Udepts exhibited the highest total soil organic carbon (TSOC), MBC, soil pH and available P (Bray I), followed by those in Andeps and Udults. Particulate organic matter carbon (PMOC), however, was highest in Andepts as compared to other soils. Higher rates of compost application contributed higher increase in TSOC, MBC, soil pH, available P, and exchangeable K. Udults had more pronounced increase in soil pH and decline of exchangeable Al than other soils. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the most distinct correlation among soil properties was observed between exchangeable Al and soil pH, followed by TSOC and MBC with coefficient correlation of -0.91 and 0.85, respectively. Correlation between soil properties and sweet corn growth exhibited that the most prominent correlation was shown between available P and shoot dry weigh of sweet corn with coefficient correlation of 0.92. This indicates that soil available P has significant contribution on sweet corn growth.

Prediction of available potassium in Ontario soils by electro-ultrafiltration and chemical extraction

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liangxue Liu ◽  
T. E. Bates ◽  
T. S. Tran
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
K Uptake ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Exchangeable Calcium ◽  
Time Required

The extractions of soil K by electroultrafiltration (EUF) and by chemical methods were compared as predictors of plant-available K for greenhouse-grown alfalfa on 38 Ontario soils. The relation of soil properties to the amount of K extracted by EUF fractions was also examined. The contents of silt and clay were negatively correlated with EUF-K at 50 V and 22 °C and positively correlated with EUF-K at 400 V and 80 °C. Soil pH and organic matter were not significantly correlated with the amounts of K extracted in the EUF-K fractions. The EUF extraction of K was influenced by the presence of carbonate or high exchangeable calcium in soils. Similar correlations were obtained between K uptake and K extracted by chemical methods and the sum of EUF-K fractions. When used along with other soil properties, EUF-K fractions and K extracted by chemical methods predicted availability of soil K with roughly equal ability. The model using the sum of K extracted by EUF at 50, 200 and 400 V is the simplest one and contains three variables, K, K2 and Ca2. The use of EUF is limited due to cost of equipment and time required for analysis, unless a number of nutrients can be accurately determined on one extract. Among the chemical methods, equations developed using three nonacidic extradants, NaCl, ABDTPA and NH4OAc explained more variation in K uptake than two acidic extractants, Mehlich 3 and 0.1 M HNO3. The NaCl model, ABDTPA model and NH4OAc model contained the same variables and had similar R2 values (0.88–0.91). Key words: Available K, chemical methods, electro-ultrafiltration, EUF-K fractions, K uptake

A COMPARISON OF LIME REQUIREMENT METHODS FOR ACID CANADIAN SOILS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. WEBBER ◽  
DIANE CORNEAU ◽  
P. B. HOYT ◽  
M. NYBORG
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Toxic Level ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Canadian Soils ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Diagnostic Index

Several laboratory methods for estimating lime requirements of acid soils were compared using 24 soils from Alberta and northeastern British Columbia and 15 from elsewhere in Canada. The Peech, Schofield, Woodruff and SMP (Shoemaker et al. 1971) buffer methods were equally well correlated with lime requirements for raising soil pH to 5.5 or 6, which in turn were highly correlated with the amounts of soluble and exchangeable Al and organic matter in the soils. The SMP buffer method is recommended for use as the diagnostic index of lime requirement to achieve pH 5.5 or 6 because of its speed and simplicity. A refinement is suggested for Alberta and northeastern B.C. soils on the basis that lime need not be added to achieve pH 5.5 but should be added to reduce Al below the toxic level for sensitive crops. The lime requirements to reduce Al in those soils were highly correlated with the amounts of 0.02 M CaCl2-soluble Al they contained and it is recommended that the 0.02 M CaCl2-soluble AI be used as the diagnostic index of lime requirement. Lime requirements related to SMP (pH) and 0.02 M CaCl2-soluble Al are presented.

Organic management and legume presence maintained phosphorus bioavailability in a 17-year field crop experiment

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney Gallaher ◽  
Sieglinde S. Snapp
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Term Management

AbstractLegumes have been shown to enhance bioavailability of phosphorus (P) from sparingly soluble pools, yet this functional trait remains underutilized in agriculture, and is untested at decadal scales. Management and legume presence effects on temporal soil properties were evaluated in a 17-year field crop experiment using soil samples collected in 1992, 2000 and 2006. Management systems compared included: (1) conventional corn–soybean–wheat rotation (C–S–W), (2) organic (C–S–W+red clover), (3) alfalfa and (4) early successional field. To evaluate the effects of long-term management versus recent management (residues and P fertilizer) on P and bio-availability to soybean, subplots of soybean were established with and without P-fertilizer (30 kg P ha−1), and compared to subplots and main plot with the long-term system. We evaluated soil properties (C, total P, Bray extractable inorganic P, particulate organic matter phosphorus) and soybean P uptake, biomass and yield. Recent fertilizer P inputs had no detectable influence on soil P, and total soil P stayed stable at ~350 mg P kg−1, whereas inorganic P (Pi) declined from an initial value of 54 to an average of 35 mg P kg−1. A P balance was constructed and showed a net loss of −96.7 kg P ha−1 yr−1 for the organic system, yet Bray-Pi and soybean P uptake were maintained under organic production at similar levels to the conventional, fertilized system. Particulate organic matter P was 57, 82 and 128% higher in organic, alfalfa and successional treatments, respectively, compared to conventional. A similar pattern was observed for soil C, soybean yield and bioavailable P, which were 20–50% higher in the organic, alfalfa and successional systems relative to conventional. This study provides evidence that long-term management history influences bioavailability of P.

IMMEDIATE AND RESIDUAL EFFECTS OF LIME AND PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER ON SOIL ACIDITY AND MAIZE PRODUCTION IN WESTERN KENYA

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. O. KISINYO ◽  
C. O. OTHIENO ◽  
S. O. GUDU ◽  
J. R. OKALEBO ◽  
P. A. OPALA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Available P ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Soil Available P ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Recovery

SUMMARYSoil acidity and phosphorus (P) deficiency are some of the major causes of low maize yields in Kenya. This study determined the immediate and residual effects of lime and P fertilizer on soil pH, exchangeable aluminium (Al), available P, maize grain yield, agronomic P use and P fertilizer recovery efficiencies on a western Kenya acid soil. The treatments were: P fertilizer (0, 26 and 52 kg P ha−1as triple super phosphate) and lime (0, 2, 4 and 6 tons lime ha−1) applied once at the beginning of the study. A burnt liming material with 92.5% calcium carbonate equivalent was used. Soil samples were analysed prior to and after treatment application. The site had low soil pH–H2O (4.9), available P (2.3 mg kg−1), total N (0.17%), high Al (2.0 cmol kg−1exchangeable Al and 29% Al saturation). Lime reduced soil pH and exchangeable Al, leading to increased soil available P. Lime at 2, 4 and 6 tons ha−1maintained soil pH ≥ 5.5 for 2, 3 and 4 years, respectively. The study observed that the recommended P fertilizer rate (26 kg P ha−1) for maize production in Kenya was inadequate to raise soil available P to the critical level (≥10 mg P kg−1soil bicarbonate extractable P) required for healthy maize growth. To maintain soil available P at the critical level where 52 kg P ha−1and combined 52 kg P ha−1+ 4 tons lime ha−1were applied, it would be necessary to reapply the same P fertilizer rate after every one and two cropping seasons, respectively. The 4-year mean grain yield increments were 0.17, 0.34, 0.50, 0.58 and 1.17 tons ha−1due to 2, 4, 6 tons lime ha−1, 26 kg P and 52 kg P ha−1, respectively. Both agronomic P use and P fertilizer recovery efficiencies increased with increasing rates of lime and decreased with increasing rates of P fertilizer. Therefore, combined applications of both lime and P fertilizer are important for enhancing maize production on P-deficient acid soils in western Kenya.

scholarly journals Changes in physico-chemical properties of paddy soil due to water and fertilizer management

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Israt Jahan ◽  
AKM Abul Ahsan ◽  
MMR Jahangir ◽  
Mahmud Hossain ◽  
Md Anwarul Abedin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Physico Chemical

Soil physico-chemical properties are an important phenomenon for sustainable crop production and maintenance of optimum soil health. Hence, a laboratory measurement was conducted with soil samples of three years long experimental field of the Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to assess the changes in five selected soil physico-chemical properties viz. soil texture, bulk density, soil pH, total nitrogen and organic matter. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with two water regimes (continuous flooding and alternate wetting & drying) in the main plots and five fertilizer treatments (N0 - control, N1- 140 kg N/ha as PU, N2- 104 kg N/ha as USG (2× 1.8 g/ 4 hills), N3 - 5 t CD + PU @ 140 kg N /ha on IPNS basis and N4- 5 t CD + USG (2× 1.8 g/ 4 hills @ 104 kg N/ha)) in the subplots under rice-rice cropping pattern with three replications. After three years, soil samples were collected at 0-5 and 5-10 cm soil depths for measuring bulk density and at 0-10 cm depth for other soil properties and analyzed. Results found that % sand, % silt, % clay, bulk density and soil pH was not changed significantly compared to initial status. Percentage of total nitrogen and organic matter was significantly affected by irrigation and fertilization. Total nitrogen (%) was higher in AWD whereas organic matter (%) was higher in CF practice. The highest total nitrogen (%) and organic matter (%) was found in N4 treatment in which USG was applied in combination with cowdung as organic manure. It can be suggested that N4 treatment was formed good combination for sustaining chemical properties of soil. Further long- term experimentation will be needed to know the changes in soil properties for sustainable crop production and improving soil health. Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2020, 5 (2), 65-71

scholarly journals Changes in Some Soil Properties and Available P Under Phosphorus Integrated management of Sunflower Plant (Helianthus annuus L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 337-351
Author(s):  
Mohammed J. Mustafa ◽  
Mohammed A. Abdulkareem
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Available P

Field experiment was conducted in Mohajaran region, Abu-Al-Khaseeb district, Basrah province during the growing season 2018. The study was aimed to evaluate the effect of integration of chemical fertilizer (triple superphosphate) with manure (cattle residue) and/ or biofertilizer (Aspergillus niger) on some soil properties and phosphorus availability to sunflower during growing season. Samples were collected at seedling, vegetative growth, flowering and post-harvest stage. pH, EC, moisture content and available P were determined. Results showed that application of chemical fertilizer significantly affected soil pH, EC, and available P, but showed no effect on soil moisture content. Soil pH decreased and EC increased at seedling stage, while EC was decreased at harvest. Available P values were increased at all growing stages. Incorporation of manure at rate of 30 Mg ha-1 considerably decreased the soil pH and increased EC at seedling stage, soil moisture, and available P at all growing stages.. Inoculation the seeds with A. niger showed no significant effect on  soil pH, EC, and soil moisture but significantly increased available P, at vegetative growth and flowing stages . Results  showed that the effect of biofertilizer on available P was in bar with the application of manure at rate of 15 Mg ha-1 .Highest  value of available P was associated with combination of 120 Kg P ha-1 + 30 Mg ha-1 + inoculation with fungus.

Spatial variability of uncultivated soils in derived savanna

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.E. Obalum ◽  
J. Oppong ◽  
C.A. Igwe ◽  
Y. Watanabe ◽  
M.E. Obi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Organic Matter Concentration ◽  
Derived Savanna ◽  
Matter Concentration

Abstract The spatial variability of some physicochemical properties of topsoils/subsoils under secondary forest, grassland fallow, and bare-soil fallow of three locations was evaluated. The data were analyzed and described using classical statistical parameters. Based on the coefficient of variation, bulk density, total porosity, 60-cm-tension moisture content, and soil pH were of low variability. Coarse and fine sand were of moderate variability. Highly variable soil properties included silt, clay, macroporosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, organic matter concentration, and cation exchange capacity. Overall, soil pH and silt varied the least and the most, respectively. Relative weighting showed that location dominantly influenced the soil variability, except for soil porosity and organic matter concentration influenced mostly by land use. Most of the soil data were normally distributed; others were positively skewed and/or kurtotic. The minimum number of samples (at 25 samples ha-1) required to estimate mean values of soil properties was highly soil property-specific, ranging from 1 (topsoil pH-H2O) to 246 (topsoil silt). Cation exchange capacity of subsoils related fairly strongly with cation exchange capacity of topsoils (R2 = 0.63). Spatial variability data can be used to extrapolate dynamic soil properties across a derived-savanna landscape.

scholarly journals Status of soil properties in relationship with soil pH in Madhupur tract of Tangail district in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-287
Author(s):  
U Kumar ◽  
H Rashid ◽  
NH Tithi ◽  
MY Mia
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The Status ◽  
June July ◽  
Zn Status ◽  
Very High ◽  
N Status

The study was intended to investigate the status of soil properties and its relation to soil pH in Madhupur tract soil of Tangail district, Bangladesh. Thirty soil samples were collected during the period from June-July, 2016 covering four types of land as high land, medium high land, medium low land and low land. The interpretative data showed that the range of pH was strongly acidic to slightly acidic (5.27- 5.90), mean pH was slightly acidic (5.61). The organic matter (OM) status was medium (2.11 to 2.33 %) and mean OM was medium (2.24 %). The Nitrogen (N) status was low (0.11 to 0.13 %) and mean N status was medium (0.12 %). The range of the Phosphorus (P) status was found very low to medium (1.63 to 11.06 µg g-1 soil) and mean P status was medium (7.37 µg g-1 soil). The Potassium (K) status was low to very high (0.15 to 0.75meq/100 g soil) and mean K status was low (0.18 meq/100 g soil). The range of the Sulfur (S) status was found from low to medium (11.73 to 16.31 µg g-1 soil), mean S status was low (13.26 µg g-1 soil). The range of the Zinc (Zn) status was found from medium to high (0.96 to 2.23 µg g-1 soil), mean Zn status was optimum (1.55 µg g-1 soil). The range of the Boron (B) status was found from medium to very high (0.39 to 0.86 µg g-1 soil), mean B status was high (0.73 µg g-1 soil). The Calcium (Ca) status was medium to optimum (4.42 to 5.23meq/100 g soil), mean Ca status was optimum (4.83 meq/100 g soil). The Magnesium (Mg) status was optimum to high (1.21 to 1.75meq/100 g soil), mean Mg status was optimum (1.37 meq/100 g soil). No significant correlation of OM and other nutrients with pH. Progressive Agriculture 30 (3): 282-287, 2019

scholarly journals A 10-Year Monitoring of Soil Properties Dynamics and Soil Fertility Evaluation in Chinese Hickory Plantation Regions of Southeastern China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Jin ◽  
Luoqi Wang ◽  
Karin Muller ◽  
Jiasen Wu ◽  
Hailong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Available P ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Intensive Management ◽  
Available N

Abstract Long-term monitoring shows intensive management can significantly change soil properties and cause soil degradation. Knowledge related to the spatio-temporal variation of soil properties and their influencing factors are important for nutrient management of economic forest plantation. Here, we conducted an intensive field investigation in Chinese hickory plantation to clarify the spatial and temporal variation of soil properties and its influencing factors, and to evaluate the change of soil fertility. The results showed that the soil pH and soil organic carbon (SOC) significantly increased from 2008 to 2018, while available N significantly decreased from 2008 to 2018. The semi-variance revealed that except available P, the spatial dependencies of soil properties increased from 2008 to 2018. An increasing south-north gradient was found for soil available N, available P, available K and SOC and a decreasing south-north gradient was found for soil pH. One-way ANOVA analysis showed that the change of soil properties from 2008 to 2018 was mainly influenced by anthropogenic factors. The average soil fertility in the whole area was at a medium level from 2008 to 2018. These change of soil properties can provide a reference basis for monitoring the effects of intensive management on soil environment.

Extractable Fe in the surface horizons of a range of soils from Queensland

Soil Research ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 259 ◽  
Author(s):  
JO Skjemstad ◽  
HVA Bushby ◽  
RW Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Surface Soils ◽  
Soil Weathering ◽  
Extraction Procedures ◽  
Weathering Processes ◽  
Mobile Component ◽  
Extractable Iron

The levels of iron and aluminium extracted from 36 surface soils by pyrophosphate, oxalate and dithionite are compared with a number of other soil properties. Correlations suggest that aluminium released by these extraction procedures is largely associated with organic matter while only a small fraction of the iron released is in this form. Significant correlations between soil pH and the negative logarithms of both oxalate (r = 0.715) and pyrophosphate (r = 0.959) extractable iron in soils with >20% clay content indicate that pH is the most significant factor in determining the level of ferrihydrite and iron/organic matter complexes in surface soils. The significance of these relationships in terms of soil weathering processes is discussed. Further, the data suggest that pyrophosphate extractable iron is a useful indicator of the most active, mobile component of iron in surface soils.

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