scholarly journals No Sustained Attention Differences in a Longitudinal Randomized Trial Comparing Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction versus Active Control

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donal G. MacCoon ◽  
Katherine A. MacLean ◽  
Richard J Davidson ◽  
Clifford Saron ◽  
Antoine Lutz
Keyword(s):  
Active Control ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Visual Discrimination ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Mindfulness Practice ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction ◽  
Over Time

Background: Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a secular form of meditation training. The vast majority of the extant literature investigating the health effects of mindfulness interventions relies on wait-list control comparisons. Previous studies have found that meditation training over several months is associated with improvements in cognitive control and attention.Methodology/Principal Findings: We used a visual continuous performance task (CPT) to test the effects of eight weeks of mindfulness training on sustained attention by comparing MBSR to the Health Enhancement Program (HEP), a structurally equivalent, active control condition in a randomized, longitudinal design (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01301105) focusing on a non-clinical population typical of MBSR participants. Researchers were blind to group assignment. 63 community participants were randomized to either MBSR (n = 31) or HEP (n = 32). CPT analyses were conducted on 29 MBSR participants and 25 HEP participants. We predicted that MBSR would improve visual discrimination ability and sustained attention over time on the CPT compared to HEP, with more home practice associated with greater improvements. Our hypotheses were not confirmed but we did find some evidence for improved visual discrimination similar to effects in partial replication of other research. Our study had sufficient power to demonstrate that intervention groups do not differ in their improvement over time in sustained attention performance. One of our primary predictions concerning the effects of intervention on attentional fatigue was significant but not interpretable.Conclusions: Attentional sensitivity is not affected by mindfulness practice as taught in MBSR, but it is unclear whether mindfulness might positively affect another aspect of attention, vigilance. These results also highlight the relevant procedural modifications required by future research to correctly investigate the role of sustained attention in similar samples.

scholarly journals Does practice quality mediate the relationship between practice time and outcome in mindfulness-based stress reduction?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Goldberg ◽  
Cara Knoeppel ◽  
Lisa Flook ◽  
Richard J Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Mindfulness Practice ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction ◽  
Practice Time

Interventions based on mindfulness meditation are increasingly common and evidence exists supporting their use. However, questions remain regarding treatment mechanisms accounting for beneficial effects. The current study examined one candidate mechanism – mindfulness practice quality – as a mediator of the link between practice time and outcome within mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR). Participants (n=96) completed measures of mindfulness and psychological symptoms at baseline and post-treatment. A weekly questionnaire assessed practice time and quality over the eight weeks of MBSR. Multilevel models accounted for nesting within participants, MBSR groups, and instructors. Results generally supported the reliability and validity of a weekly single-item practice quality measure. Greater practice time was associated with improved practice quality (r=.48). Increases in practice quality predicted improvements in self-report mindfulness and psychological symptoms (bs=.35, .30, and -.19, ps<.05,), but not behavioral mindfulness (b=-.02, p=.879). In multilevel mediation models, improved practice quality mediated the link between practice time and changes in self-report mindfulness, suggesting improved practice quality functions as a mechanism linking practice time and outcome in MBSR. Future research evaluating practice quality in clinical samples, in tandem with intensive sampling paradigms (e.g., experience sampling) and objective (behavioral, physiological) outcomes may be warranted.

scholarly journals No Sustained Attention Differences in a Longitudinal Randomized Trial Comparing Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction versus Active Control

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e97551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donal G. MacCoon ◽  
Katherine A. MacLean ◽  
Richard J. Davidson ◽  
Clifford D. Saron ◽  
Antoine Lutz
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Active Control ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction

Mindfulness Practice and Stress Following Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction: Examining Within-Person and Between-Person Associations with Latent Curve Modeling

Mindfulness ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1905-1914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew S. McClintock ◽  
Roger Brown ◽  
Christopher L. Coe ◽  
Aleksandra Zgierska ◽  
Bruce Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Mindfulness Practice ◽  
Latent Curve ◽  
Curve Modeling ◽  
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction

scholarly journals Analysing the experience of motherhood among adolescents living with HIV

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-27
Author(s):  
Gabriela Cássia Ritt ◽  
Marco Daniel Pereira ◽  
Daniela Centenaro Levandowski
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Young People ◽  
Adolescent Mothers ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Adolescent Motherhood ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Over Time

Aim Adolescent motherhood is considered a condition of vulnerability that can be further complicated by the presence of HIV infection, but little is known about how adolescent mothers experience this process. The aim of this study was to analyse the experience of motherhood among adolescents living with HIV. Method Seven mothers (15-21 years) recruited in specialized services in Porto Alegre/Brazil, whose babies’ ages ranged from four to six months, were interviewed. Interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Results The qualitative content analysis of the interviews revealed a positive vision of motherhood, related to satisfaction with the maternal role and personal fulfilment. Pregnancy and motherhood served to these adolescents as an encouragement for self-care. The mothers’ difficulties were related to HIV and to the repercussions of this clinical condition, especially feelings of frustration and incompleteness of motherhood on the impossibility of breastfeeding, as well as fear facing the risk of MTCT. Conclusion Future research of longitudinal design and with larger samples will be important to extend the knowledge of the specificities of this experience over time for young people of different ages and social backgrounds.

scholarly journals Factors associated with the progression of deficit accumulation frailty among adults with an intellectual disability: a systematic review revealing research gaps

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Brendan Dee ◽  
Eilish Burke ◽  
Roman Romero-Ortuno ◽  
Philip McCallion ◽  
Mary McCarron
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Deficit Accumulation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Frailty Status ◽  
Over Time

Background: People with an intellectual disability are more likely to experience frailty earlier in life and with greater severity compared to the general population. There is growing consideration of determinants of frailty and identifying factors which may influence the change in frailty status over time. The objective of this review was to investigate factors associated with the progression of frailty over time among adults with an intellectual disability. Methods: A systematic review of literature was conducted using PRISMA guidelines to identify studies reporting factors associated with transitions and trajectories in deficit accumulation frailty among adults with an intellectual disability. The following eligibility criteria was used: defined frailty as deficit accumulation; longitudinal design; reported at least one individual characteristic associated with change in frailty status; sample was people with an intellectual disability aged ≥18 years; English language. No limitation on publication date was applied. Studies which did not measure frailty according to deficit accumulation, did not report the frailty measure used, or had a cross-sectional design were excluded. Selected studies were assessed for quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) framework. Results: In total, two studies qualified for inclusion in this review. Findings revealed that frailty defined as deficit accumulation is a dynamic process and improvements are possible. Changes in the direction of frailty states over time among adults with an intellectual disability may be influenced by several factors including baseline frailty status, age, the presence of Down syndrome, functional ability, cognitive ability, living in a group home, and the use of nursing services and therapies. Conclusions: There is a relative paucity of research on frailty among adults with an intellectual disability and the evidence base must be grown. Exploration of the social domain of frailty in this group should be a priority of future research. PROSPERO registration: 179803 (05/07/2020)

A Promising Practice: School-Based Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for Children with Disabilities

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-66
Author(s):  
Wendy W. Fuchs ◽  
Nancy J. Mundschenk ◽  
Brian Groark
Keyword(s):  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Children With Disabilities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
School Based ◽  
Promising Practice ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Adults and children around the world are experiencing unhealthy levels of stress. More specifically, the stress levels that children report can have detrimental effects on their social-emotional, physical and academic well-being. Schools are in a unique position to not only address the causes of stress in children's lives, but to also provide strategies to reduce stress. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is one approach that schools can use to teach children how to acknowledge and deal with everyday stressors. This article aims to provide a definition of stress, describe MBSR, and provide a review of the current literature on MBSR studies with children. Additionally, the authors suggest implications for school-based mindfulness approaches to reduce the stress of children with disabilities, and recommendations for future research.

scholarly journals A comparison of mindfulness-based stress reduction and an active control in modulation of neurogenic inflammation

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 174-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa A. Rosenkranz ◽  
Richard J. Davidson ◽  
Donal G. MacCoon ◽  
John F. Sheridan ◽  
Ned H. Kalin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Control ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Neurogenic Inflammation ◽  
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction

scholarly journals A Qualitative study of older adults’ perspectives on initiating exercise and mindfulness practice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana C. Parra ◽  
Julie Loebach Wetherell ◽  
Alexandria Van Zandt ◽  
Ross Brownson ◽  
Janardan Abhishek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Mindfulness Training ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Mindfulness Practice ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Health Lifestyle ◽  
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction

Abstract Background: Mindfulness practice and exercise are ways by which older adults can improve and maintain their physical, emotional and cognitive health. Methods: This single-site qualitative study gathered insights of older adults’ perceptions about initiating and maintaining mindfulness and exercise practices. We carried out focus groups with 41 adults aged 65-85 who had recently initiated Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), structured exercise, or their combination as part of participation in a clinical trial. We used a semi-structured interview to ask them open-ended questions regarding the benefits, barriers and facilitators of participating in mindfulness and/or exercise interventions. The interview also included questions regarding translation of these practices into community settings as well as the long-term maintenance potential of these practices. Results: Older adults indicated that the mindfulness training increased their awareness and self-reflection and fostered a more self-accepting attitude. Furthermore, they improved their self-care habits and reported having better familial and social relationships. The main barrier for both the exercise and Mindfulness group was time management. The social benefits and sense of community were some of the primary motivators for older adults in the exercise and/or MBSR interventions. However, the research on how to motivate older adults to initiate healthy behavioral changes also needs to be answered. The benefits of exercise and MBSR are a motivation in and of themselves, as indicated by some of the participants. Conclusions: This study indicates that mindfulness training and exercise can serve as tools to cultivate important health lifestyle qualities among older adults, who are in the midst of mental, social, emotional and physical change. If it were not for the purpose of the research or the incentives provided by the research team, these older adults may have never started the healthy behavioral changes. From the responses, this may indicate that older adults may need more incentives to begin and maintain behavioral changes other than for their own health benefit. Key Words: Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction, mindfulness, exercise, older adults, qualitative study

scholarly journals A Qualitative study of older adults’ perspectives on initiating exercise and mindfulness practice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana C. Parra ◽  
Julie Loebach Wetherell ◽  
Alexandria Van Zandt ◽  
Ross Brownson ◽  
Janardan Abhishek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Mindfulness Training ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Mindfulness Practice ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Health Lifestyle ◽  
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction

Abstract Background: Mindfulness practice and exercise are ways by which older adults can improve and maintain their physical, emotional and cognitive health. Methods: This single-site qualitative study gathered insights of older adults’ perceptions about initiating and maintaining mindfulness and exercise practices. We carried out focus groups with 41 adults aged 65-85 who had recently initiated Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), structured exercise, or their combination as part of participation in a clinical trial. We used a semi-structured interview to ask them open-ended questions regarding the benefits, barriers and facilitators of participating in mindfulness and/or exercise interventions. The interview also included questions regarding translation of these practices into community settings as well as the long-term maintenance potential of these practices. Results: Older adults indicated that the mindfulness training increased their awareness and self-reflection and fostered a more self-accepting attitude. Furthermore, they improved their self-care habits and reported having better familial and social relationships. The main barrier for both the exercise and Mindfulness group was time management. The social benefits and sense of community were some of the primary motivators for older adults in the exercise and/or MBSR interventions. However, the research on how to motivate older adults to initiate healthy behavioral changes also needs to be answered. The benefits of exercise and MBSR are a motivation in and of themselves, as indicated by some of the participants. Conclusions: This study indicates that mindfulness training and exercise can serve as tools to cultivate important health lifestyle qualities among older adults, who are in the midst of mental, social, emotional and physical change. If it were not for the purpose of the research or the incentives provided by the research team, these older adults may have never started the healthy behavioral changes. From the responses, this may indicate that older adults may need more incentives to begin and maintain behavioral changes other than for their own health benefit. Key Words: Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction, mindfulness, exercise, older adults, qualitative study

scholarly journals Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Intervention in Chronic Stroke: a Randomized, Controlled Pilot Study

Mindfulness ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana V. Baldo ◽  
Krista Schendel ◽  
Sandy J. Lwi ◽  
Timothy J. Herron ◽  
Denise G. Dempsey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Active Control ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Chronic Stroke ◽  
Retention Rates ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction ◽  
Measure Class

Abstract Objectives Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) involves training in mindful meditation and has been shown to improve functioning across a range of different disorders. However, little research has focused on the use of MBSR in stroke patients, and previous MBSR studies typically have not included an active control condition to account for non-specific factors that could contribute to the observed benefits. Methods We conducted a pilot study of MBSR in chronic stroke patients, comparing MBSR to an active control condition. Half of participants were randomly assigned to a standard 8-week MBSR class, and the other half of participants were assigned to an 8-week Brain Health class matched for schedule, instructor, and format. Participants were assessed pre- and post-intervention by blinded examiners on a neuropsychological battery that included primary outcome measures of psychological and cognitive functioning. Participants were also given an anonymous questionnaire following the post-intervention testing session to measure class satisfaction. Results Both the MBSR and Brain Health classes were rated favorably by participants. Recruitment and retention rates were high, and methods for participant randomization and examiner blinding were successful. Class implementation in terms of execution was also successful, as rated by outside experts. Conclusions This study established the feasibility of conducting MBSR and Brain Health classes in a chronic stroke population. Trial Registration https://ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT #: 02600637

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