scholarly journals Happiness is from the soul: The nature and origins of our happiness concept

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Yang ◽  
Joshua Knobe ◽  
Yarrow Dunham
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Moral Character ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Happiness Study ◽  
Good People ◽  
Physical Traits ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Cognitive Feature ◽  
Subjective States

What is happiness? Is happiness about feeling good or about being good? Across five studies, we explored the nature and origins of our happiness concept developmentally and cross-linguistically. We found that surprisingly, children as young as age 4 viewed morally bad people as less happy than morally good people, even if the characters all have positive subjective states (Study 1). Moral character did not affect attributions of physical traits (Study 2), and was more powerfully weighted than subjective states in attributions of happiness (Study 3). Moreover, moral character but not intelligence influenced children and adults’ happiness attributions (Study 4). Finally, Chinese people responded similarly when attributing happiness with two words, despite one (“Gao Xing”) being substantially more descriptive than the other (“Kuai Le”) (Study 5). Therefore, we found that moral judgment plays a relatively unique role in happiness attributions, which is surprisingly early emerging and largely independent of linguistic and cultural influences, and thus likely reflects a fundamental cognitive feature of the mind.

Re-ordering Desires: A Trinitarian Lens on Eating Disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-274
Author(s):  
Jillian Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Holy Spirit ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Thought Patterns ◽  
Doctrine Of The Trinity ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Trinity

This paper uses the doctrine of the Trinity to demonstrate the unique role God as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit can play in the healing of eating disorders and explores how a trinitarian framework may be brought alongside healthcare services to aid in recovery. Drawing on the theological work of Sarah Coakley, the paper considers various trinitarian models and practices that can redirect our minds, hearts, and imaginations to a new participation in the trinitarian God. This essay seeks to show that it is also possible to challenge the idolatrous thought patterns of an eating disorder by redirecting the mind to participation in life through the lens of the life-giving Trinity.

Materialism and the First Person

2003 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 123-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Madell
Keyword(s):  
First Person ◽  
Privileged Access ◽  
Direct Information ◽  
Know How ◽  
Material State ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Subjective States

Here are some sentences from Fred Dretske's book Naturalising the Mind:For a materialist there are no facts that are accessible to only one person … If the subjective life of another being, what it is like to be that creature, seems inaccessible, this must be because we fail to understand what we are talking about when we talk about its subjective states. If S feels some way, and its feeling some way is a material state, how can it be impossible for us to know how S feels? Though each of us has direct information about our own experiences, there is no privileged access. If you know where to look, you can get the same information I have about the character of my experiences. This is a result of thinking about the mind in naturalistic terms. Subjectivity becomes part of the objective order. For materialists, this is as it should be.

Cultural Neuroscience

2019 ◽  
pp. 695-723
Author(s):  
Joan Y. Chiao ◽  
Katherine D. Blizinsky
Keyword(s):  
Functional Organization ◽  
Global Mental Health ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Cultural Neuroscience ◽  
Brain And Behavior ◽  
The Mind ◽  
And Behavior

Cultural neuroscience is a research field that investigates the mutual influences of cultural and biological sciences on human behavior. Research in cultural neuroscience demonstrates cultural influences on the neurobiological mechanisms of processes of the mind and behavior. Culture tunes the structure and functional organization of the mind and the nervous system, including processes of emotion, cognition, and social behavior. Environmental and developmental approaches play an important role in the emergence and maintenance of culture. Culture serves as an evolutionary adaptation, protecting organisms from environmental conditions across geography. Cultural variation in the human mind, brain, and behavior serves to build and reinforce culture throughout the life course. This chapter examines the theoretical, methodological, and empirical foundations of cultural neuroscience and its implications for research in population health disparities and global mental health.

P. Johann Frick SVD: Mao schlief in meinem Bett

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Good People ◽  
Other Hand

The "notes" reflect a fascinating world of Chinese past, as experienced and reflected in an empathetic way by Johann Frick. The missionaries sought to achieve as much empathy as possible with the Chinese realities, but on the other hand could not hide their European judgment. The population appreciated the foreign missionaries when they were experienced as "praying and good people". The attachment to the Chinese people is a wonderful testimony of humanity. The last months of his stay draw a warm and vulnerable person who is emotionally attached to "his" Chinese, but also understands his communist adversaries. In the end, he is a broken man because "his" Chinese expel him from the country.

From a distance:Joining the mind and moral character

Roeper Review ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christy Folsom
Keyword(s):  
Moral Character ◽  
The Mind

scholarly journals Cross-cultural comparison of maternal mind-mindedness among Australian and Chinese mothers

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-370
Author(s):  
Qian Dai ◽  
Catherine McMahon ◽  
Ai Keow Lim
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Social Emotional Development ◽  
Mainland Chinese ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Chinese Mothers ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Mind

Evidence suggests that parental mind-mindedness is important for children’s social-emotional development; however, almost all research exploring mind-mindedness has been conducted with families from Western backgrounds. The current study explored cross-cultural differences in mind-mindedness based on observed real-time interactions between urban Australian ( N = 50, M age = 30.34 years, SD = 3.14) and urban mainland Chinese ( N = 50, M age = 29.18 years, SD = 4.14) mothers and their toddlers (Australian: M age = 18.98 months, SD = 0.87; Chinese: M age = 18.50 months, SD = 2.25). Controlling for education, the Australian mothers used a higher proportion of appropriate mind-related comments and were less likely to use non-attuned mind-related comments than their Chinese counterparts, adjusting for total number of comments. Transcript analysis showed that the Australian mothers used more mental state terms referring to desires and preferences than Chinese mothers. Findings are discussed in relation to cultural influences in child-rearing goals, beliefs, and values and the need for cross-cultural validation of the mind-mindedness construct.

scholarly journals Mind or Virtue

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 190-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Li
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Learning Beliefs ◽  
Traditional Research ◽  
Chinese Learning ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Actual Learning ◽  
Beliefs About Learning

Traditional research on human learning has neglected people's beliefs about learning, the role of culture in shaping those beliefs, and people's consequent learning behavior. Recent research provides evidence that cultural beliefs about learning are essential in influencing individuals' beliefs and their actual learning. This article reviews research on Western learning beliefs, which emphasize the mind, and Chinese learning beliefs, which emphasize personal virtue, as well as on the differences these beliefs produce in people's actual learning. Developmental evidence is also presented to show that the cultural influences begin early. Future research directions are discussed.

scholarly journals The Righteous Mind: Why Good People Are Divided by Politics and Religion by Jonathan Haidt: Book Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. p1
Author(s):  
Zeinab Abulhul
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Taste Receptors ◽  
First Principle ◽  
Social Morality ◽  
The Third ◽  
Good People ◽  
Politics And Religion ◽  
Jonathan Haidt ◽  
The Mind

In The Righteous Mind, Jonathan Haidt examines the moral grounds that people intuitively believe. He presented his idea by asking why good people are divided by politics and religion. Then, he asked about morality by asking, “Where does morality come from?” (Haidt, 2012, p. 3). He explained that people understand social morality in different ways. People live in unique societies that shape their understanding of social norms, which are based on many factors, such as culture, religion, and education. Haidt based his ideas about the righteous mind on three principles and demonstrated them through three metaphors to help his readers understand his theory. The first principle is “intuitions come first,” and its central metaphor is that the mind is like a rider on an elephant, where the rider’s job is to serve the elephant. The second principle is “there is more to morality than harm and fairness,” and its central metaphor is that the righteous mind is like a tongue with six taste receptors. The third principle is “morality binds and blinds,” and its metaphor is that we are 90 percent chimp and 10 percent bee (Pp. 3, 109, 217).

“THAT THERE BRUTUS”: ELITE CULTURE AND KNOWLEDGE DIFFUSION IN THE INDUSTRIAL NOVELS OF ELIZABETH GASKELL

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Thiele
Keyword(s):  
Elizabeth Gaskell ◽  
Knowledge Diffusion ◽  
Moral Character ◽  
Elite Culture ◽  
Industrial Novels ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Industrial Bourgeoisie

ELIZABETH GASKELL SCHOLARS are well aware of the anger that Mary Barton evoked in some quarters of Manchester's industrial bourgeoisie. These scholars are also certainly familiar with the central document of this anger, a wide-ranging critique in which an anonymous “Correspondent” of the Manchester Guardian accuses the anonymous novelist not only of ignorance but also of distortions that amount to “a libel on the masters, merchants, and gentlemen of this city.” The correspondent, W. R. Greg, offers several lines of argument in support of this charge. I would like to take one of these as the opening evidence in my own argument. “In a truthful ‘tale of Manchester, or factory life,’” he remarks, “it appears very strange that no notice whatever is taken of what has been done by the masters for improving the condition of the workmen”; instead of “mechanics' institutions,” “libraries founded expressly for [the workers'] benefit,” and other “institutions [where] every stimulus is given to self-culture, to the expansion of the mind … to whatever will elevate the taste, refine the manners, [and] improve the moral character,” the reader sees only the harsh effects of “comparatively uneducated and ignorant” factory masters. The author of Mary Barton, Greg asserts, may be counted among “the hosts of humanity-mongers” who are determined to depict leaders of industry as “upstarts from the very dregs of society” (“Mary Barton”). (See Figures 8 and 9.)

scholarly journals Reading of Qing Ming and its derivative forms—From the Perspective of Cognitive Poetics

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Linling Yang
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Tang Dynasty ◽  
Chinese Literature ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Chinese Poetry ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Cognitive Poetics ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Way

Chinese poetry plays an important part in Chinese literature, and has been the focus of research and the way for Chinese people savor life and for their self-cultivation. The appearance of cognitive poetics shed the new light on the research of literature, especially on poetry. It rose up from the 1970s, combining the theories of literature and those of linguistics, and emphasized the recording and interpreting the psychological state of readers or, simply their reading of the texts which involves information processing, individual psychological states, it was naturally connected with the researches on the mind, cognition, and of course the investigation of language itself. This paper mainly attempts to applying cognitive linguistic theories to interpreting a very renowned Chinese ancient poem Qing Ming, written by Du.mu, a poet from Tang dynasty, and meanwhile digs it deeper about the above phenomena: various combinations of the same elements should have such different artistic and aesthetic effect.

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