Mind or Virtue

Traditional research on human learning has neglected people's beliefs about learning, the role of culture in shaping those beliefs, and people's consequent learning behavior. Recent research provides evidence that cultural beliefs about learning are essential in influencing individuals' beliefs and their actual learning. This article reviews research on Western learning beliefs, which emphasize the mind, and Chinese learning beliefs, which emphasize personal virtue, as well as on the differences these beliefs produce in people's actual learning. Developmental evidence is also presented to show that the cultural influences begin early. Future research directions are discussed.

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Application of Eye Tracking Technology in Aviation, Maritime, and Construction Industries: A Systematic Review

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21134289 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (13) ◽

pp. 4289

Author(s):

Daniel Martinez-Marquez ◽

Sravan Pingali ◽

Kriengsak Panuwatwanich ◽

Rodney A. Stewart ◽

Sherif Mohamed

Keyword(s):

Eye Tracking ◽

Human Error ◽

Human Mind ◽

Future Research ◽

Mental Performance ◽

Medical Scientist ◽

Future Research Directions ◽

The Mind ◽

Attention Failure ◽

Demographic Distribution

Most accidents in the aviation, maritime, and construction industries are caused by human error, which can be traced back to impaired mental performance and attention failure. In 1596, Du Laurens, a French anatomist and medical scientist, said that the eyes are the windows of the mind. Eye tracking research dates back almost 150 years and it has been widely used in different fields for several purposes. Overall, eye tracking technologies provide the means to capture in real time a variety of eye movements that reflect different human cognitive, emotional, and physiological states, which can be used to gain a wider understanding of the human mind in different scenarios. This systematic literature review explored the different applications of eye tracking research in three high-risk industries, namely aviation, maritime, and construction. The results of this research uncovered the demographic distribution and applications of eye tracking research, as well as the different technologies that have been integrated to study the visual, cognitive, and attentional aspects of human mental performance. Moreover, different research gaps and potential future research directions were highlighted in relation to the usage of additional technologies to support, validate, and enhance eye tracking research to better understand human mental performance.

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LEGITIMACY, ATTITUDES AND INTENDED PATRONAGE: UNDERSTANDING CHALLENGES FACING BLACK ENTREPRENEURS

Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship ◽

10.1142/s1084946715500077 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 20 (01) ◽

pp. 1550007 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

MICHAEL N. OGBOLU ◽

ROBERT P. SINGH ◽

ANTHONY WILBON

Keyword(s):

Black People ◽

The United States ◽

Future Research ◽

African Countries ◽

Black And White ◽

Traditional Research ◽

Black Entrepreneurs ◽

Black Entrepreneurship ◽

Future Research Directions ◽

The Individual

Traditional research on the reasons for the depressed rate of black entrepreneurship has focused on differences between black [note: The term "blacks" is used to represent the broader groups of blacks in the United States, which include African-Americans and also black people from African countries, the Caribbean and other countries.] and white entrepreneurs. In this paper, we move beyond the individual entrepreneur and study consumers' perceptual differences of black and white entrepreneurs. Using a multi-disciplinary theoretical framework to study 846 participants, we found empirical evidence that there are significant relationships between perceptions of legitimacy and consumer attitudes toward entrepreneurs and intended patronage. In addition, there appears to be differences in the way consumers perceive black and white entrepreneurs, which suggest significant challenges facing black entrepreneurs. Implications and future research directions are discussed.

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Color Layer Scissioning in See-Through Augmented Reality

Color and Imaging Conference ◽

10.2352/issn.2169-2629.2021.29.60 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (29) ◽

pp. 60-65

Author(s):

Tucker Downs ◽

Michael Murdoch

Keyword(s):

Augmented Reality ◽

Color Appearance ◽

Future Research ◽

Psychophysical Experiment ◽

Valuable Insight ◽

Physical Relationship ◽

Transparent Objects ◽

Transparent Color ◽

Future Research Directions ◽

The Mind

Color appearance of transparent objects is not adequately described by colorimetry or color appearance models. Despite the fact that the retinal projection of a transparent object is a combination of its color and the background, measurements of this physical combination fail to predict the saliency with which we perceive the object's color. When the perceive color forms in the mind, awareness of their physical relationship separates the physical combination into two unique perceptions. This is known as color scissioning. In this paper a psychophysical experiment utilizing a seethrough augmented reality display to compare virtual transparent color samples to real color samples is described and confirms the scissioning effect for lightness and chroma attributes. A previous model of color scissioning for AR viewing conditions is tested against this new data and does not satisfactorily predict the observers' perceptions. However, the model is still found to be a useful tool for analyzing the color scissioning and provides valuable insight on future research directions.

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The myriad meanings of cultural identities

International Marketing Review ◽

10.1108/imr-01-2019-0015 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 36 (5) ◽

pp. 642-646

Author(s):

Yuliya Strizhakova ◽

Robin Coulter

Keyword(s):

Cultural Identity ◽

Cultural Beliefs ◽

Cultural Identities ◽

Future Research ◽

Research Directions ◽

Research Attention ◽

Content Type ◽

Practical Research ◽

Future Research Directions ◽

Global And Local

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide the authors’ response to three commentaries (Batra and Wu, 2019; Papadopoulos, 2019; Westjohn and Magnusson, 2019) on Strizhakova and Coulter (2019), “Consumer cultural identities: local and global cultural identities and measurement implications,” International Marketing Review. Design/methodology/approach This is a conceptual paper and a response to commentaries on the initial paper Strizhakova and Coulter (2019), “Consumer cultural identity: local and global cultural identities and measurement implications”. Findings This paper continues an important dialogue on the topic of multifaceted consumer cultural identities. Specifically, the authors discuss the myriad meanings of cultural identity, as well as meanings of global, local, disinterested/disidentified and glocal cultural beliefs. The paper offers directions and poses questions that warrant future research attention and have important implications for global and local brand managers. Originality/value The paper addresses important issues and future research directions about the provocative topic of consumer cultural identities, their meanings, measurements and practical/research implications.

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COGNITIVE MECHANISMS OF THE MIND

New Mathematics and Natural Computation ◽

10.1142/s1793005713400097 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 09 (03) ◽

pp. 301-323 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

GARY KUVICH ◽

LEONID PERLOVSKY

Keyword(s):

Fuzzy Logic ◽

Cognitive Processes ◽

Human Mind ◽

Future Research ◽

Abstract Concepts ◽

Cognitive Mechanisms ◽

Excellent Work ◽

Future Research Directions ◽

The Mind ◽

The Brain

Successes of information and cognitive science brought a growing understanding that mind is based on intelligent cognitive processes, which are not limited by language and logic only. A nice overview can be found in the excellent work of Jeff Hawkins "On Intelligence." This view is that thought is a set of informational processes in the brain, and such processes have the same rationale as any other systematic informational processes. Their specifics are determined by the ways of how brain stores, structures and process this information. Systematic approach allows representing them in a diagrammatic form that can be formalized and programmed. Semiotic approach allows for the universal representation of such diagrams. In our approach, logic is just a way of synthesis of such structures, which is a small but clearly visible top of the iceberg. However, most of the efforts were traditionally put into logics without paying much attention to the rest of the mechanisms that make the entire thought system working autonomously. Dynamic fuzzy logic is reviewed and its connections with semiotics are established. Dynamic fuzzy logic extends fuzzy logic in the direction of logic-processes, which include processes of fuzzification and defuzzification as parts of logic. This extension of fuzzy logic is inspired by processes in the brain-mind. The paper reviews basic cognitive mechanisms, including instinctual drives, emotional and conceptual mechanisms, perception, cognition, language, a model of interaction between language and cognition upon the new semiotic models. The model of interacting cognition and language is organized in an approximate hierarchy of mental representations from sensory percepts at the "bottom" to objects, contexts, situations, abstract concepts-representations, and to the most general representations at the "top" of mental hierarchy. Knowledge instinct and emotions are driving feedbacks for these representations. Interactions of bottom-up and top-down processes in such hierarchical semiotic representation are essential for modeling cognition. Dynamic fuzzy logic is analyzed as a fundamental mechanism of these processes. In this paper we are trying to formalize cognitive processes of the human mind using approaches above, and provide interfaces that could allow for their practical realization in software and hardware. Future research directions are discussed.

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