Education of a Child in the Ethics of Al-Chazali

This article talks about the rules and requirements of raising a child, which were developed by Al-Ghazali.

Adverse Childhood Events and Their Association with Adverse Health Outcomes: A Sacramento County (California) Study

Adverse Childhood Events (ACEs) may negatively impact mental, emotional, and physical health. The study’s main goal was to understand ACEs and associated adverse health outcomes, specifically focusing on the ACE exposures to Sacramento County residents. Sacramento County was chosen as it includes a big metropolitan community of about 1.5 million people. PubMed was used to identify research articles on the correlation between ACEs and adverse health outcomes during adulthood, and the disparities in healthcare services provided to County residents. Generally, the results demonstrate that ACEs are associated with a range of negative health outcomes. There is a need for interventions to mitigate the adverse impact that ACEs have on the health of both pediatric and adult populations. Studies indicate that County residents have a high probability of experiencing an ACE exposure or a set of circumstances that exacerbate the effect of ACEs. Some examples of ACEs specific to residents include low socioeconomic status or severe economic hardship, medical trauma, household dysfunction, discrimination, hunger, limited resource accessibility, and poor mental health. Despite the incomplete knowledge on ACEs from a biological standpoint, unpredictable range of ACE health outcomes, and non-standardized treatment protocols, data support that ACEs adversely impact the health status of residents, and studies support intervention.

People on the Move: Addressing Vulnerabilities of Nomadic Communities in Darfur

Until recently, the needs and concerns of the Arab nomadic communities in Darfur were not given sufficient attention by the international community, probably because of the tendency to equate them with the notorious “Arab militia” accused of committing crimes during the conflict in Darfur. This began to change after several Arab nomad leaders complained to the United Nations and relief groups about their exclusion from humanitarian and development programmes and projects implemented in the region. The article explores the conditions and vulnerabilities of nomadic communities in Darfur and highlights some of the subsequent successful initiatives undertaken by the United Nations-African Union Mission in Darfur (UNAMID) to address the concerns of the nomadic community members.

Empirical Research on the Downturn in Church Attendance in Australia: The youth without Religion

The church has played a significant role in the lives of Australia’s people since the European settlement. It used to provide several welfare services such as educational, health, and orphanages, even more than the government. Australian churches played a significant role in shaping the culture of Australians. Australia was the only country with no newspaper on Sunday as they kept Sunday as a regular holiday and kept everything closed. Indeed, for Australia’s farmers, religion was so important that they decided to remain clear of their religion and, in 1901, to lead up the Federation. As the years passed, church attendance reduced, and others chose no religion. Few considered religion as least important, resulting in an overall decline in Australia’s churches. The paper reiterated the downturn in church attendance in Australia, found reasons for the downturn, and how the youth can be driven to attend the church. Innovation, discipleship, evangelism, oneness, care, hospitality, service to the community, and social media presence were discovered to be strategies for motivating the younger generation, first-time worshippers and new converts to the church.

The Righteous Mind: Why Good People Are Divided by Politics and Religion by Jonathan Haidt: Book Review

In The Righteous Mind, Jonathan Haidt examines the moral grounds that people intuitively believe. He presented his idea by asking why good people are divided by politics and religion. Then, he asked about morality by asking, “Where does morality come from?” (Haidt, 2012, p. 3). He explained that people understand social morality in different ways. People live in unique societies that shape their understanding of social norms, which are based on many factors, such as culture, religion, and education. Haidt based his ideas about the righteous mind on three principles and demonstrated them through three metaphors to help his readers understand his theory. The first principle is “intuitions come first,” and its central metaphor is that the mind is like a rider on an elephant, where the rider’s job is to serve the elephant. The second principle is “there is more to morality than harm and fairness,” and its central metaphor is that the righteous mind is like a tongue with six taste receptors. The third principle is “morality binds and blinds,” and its metaphor is that we are 90 percent chimp and 10 percent bee (Pp. 3, 109, 217).

Development Is Rule of Law

In development theory one searches for a method to order the nations of the world into more or less developed. Higher degree of development is a macro property. In the dominant approach by M. Nussbaum (2011) development refers to micro capabilities. This is for the individual to promote in a country with rule of law

Levels of Physical Activity, Patterns, and Perceived Barriers, Among University Students in Oman: A cross-Sectional Study

Objective: To investigate the prevalence, pattern, and the perceived barriers, of physical activity among Omani university students studying in Oman.Methodology: A self-administered questionnaire using the short-form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was disseminated to a selected sample of university students, from their second academic year onwards through Whats AppTM. Descriptive, Bivariate and multivariate analysis was conducted to measure patterns, levels and associated factors. Results: Overall 44% were classified as highly active, 30% as moderately active, and 26% as lowly active or inactive. Younger students (?22 years), male students, respondents with a positive perception of weight (normal or below), and self-perceived physically active (moderate to high) were more likely to engage in moderate to high physical activity. Students in university for ? 4 years (OR: 2.69) and students were members of sports youth clubs (OR: 2.76) were significantly more likely to engage in moderate or high physical activity. Lack of motivation was the top barrier of physical activity.Conclusions: More than a quarter of surveyed Omani university students were physically inactive which has the potential to have a detrimental effect on their health and well-being. Therefore, creating a conducive environment is essential for improving short and long-term health outcomes.

The African Allegations towards Ignorance of International Criminal Court: Does International Criminal Court unfairly focusing on Africa?

Though, African continent has the highest number of state parties to the Rome Statute, recently several criticisms and allegations have been leveled against ICC interventions in Africa. AU and African higher official apparently call for non-cooperation of ICC. They believed that, ICC is unfairly targeting Africa and Africans, and it is a neo-colonial plaything and that Africa has been a place to experiment with their ideas. Such allegation begs question that is really the ICC unfairly focusing Africa and Africans? Therefore, it needs evaluating these accusations by considering the whole process and function of ICC. Accordingly, when we evaluate the allegations, it seems too far from trues. Because, on one hand, many of allegation and criticism itself is not representative of African peoples rather it is the allegation of some African political leaders of authoritarian nature of power those who fears the prosecution for the commission of mass crime and atrocities in their respective countries. On other hand the composition of the court by itself is Africans. It is a global court with historically strong African support. It would not be the court it is today without the valuable input, involvement and support of the majority of African states. The court seeks justice for victims of grave crimes, including African victims; it needs the ongoing support of African government, civil society and public in order to achieve justice. It was intended to be a credible, independent judicial body, able to adjudicate the most serious of international crimes fairly and impartially, where National judicial systems have failed and fight against impunity all over the world.

Routledge Handbook on Development Ethics

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The Church and Single Parenting in Africa

Single parenting involves a sole parent who cares for children without the help of the other parent. The challenge of single parenting has negative effects on parents and the children alike. The death of a spouse, divorce, wars desertion, rape, sexual harassment and violent crisis are factors for this debacle. In such situation, the remaining parent not only inherits the responsibilities of the missing parent, but also takes custody of their children, in addition to his/her own roles as father or mother. Marriage ought to be imbibed as a standard for a godly society. Single parenting is not a thing to joke with or take with levity because of its scorching heat on both parents and children. Without mincing words, this phenomenon is eating deep into the African society; this makes the response of the Church logical. The study posits that it is important for African Christians to understand the biblical stance concerning marriage; so that intentional act of single parenting can be curbed.