scholarly journals Effects of self-efficacy on healthy eating depends on normative support: a prospective study of long-haul truck drivers

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyra Hamilton ◽  
Martin S Hagger

Purpose. Fruit and vegetable intake (FV) is insufficient in industrialized nations and there is excess of discretionary food choices (DC; foods high in fat, sugar, and salt). Long-haul truck drivers are considered a particularly at-risk group given the limited food choices and normatively-reinforced eating habits at truck rest-stops. Self-efficacy and normative support are key determinants of eating behavior yet the processes underlying their effects on behavior are not well understood. We tested the direct and interactive effects of self-efficacy and normative support on healthy eating behaviors in long-haul truck drivers in a prospective correlational study. Methods. Long-haul truck drivers (N = 82) completed an initial survey containing self-report measures of behavioral intentions, perceived normative support, and self-efficacy for their FV and DC behaviors. Participants completed a follow-up survey one-week later in which they self-reported their FV and DC behavior. Results. A mediated moderation analysis identified an interactive effect of self-efficacy and normative support on behavior mediated by intention for FV and DC behavior. Specifically, we confirmed a compensation effect in which self-efficacy was more likely to have an effect on FV and DC behavior through intentions in participants with low normative support. Conclusion. Results indicate the importance of self-efficacy in predicting FV and DC intentions and behavior in the absence of a supportive normative environment. The compensatory effect of self-efficacy beliefs on behavior through intentions when normative support is low should be confirmed using experimental methods.

Author(s):  
Erin J Reifsteck ◽  
DeAnne D Brooks ◽  
Jamian D Newton ◽  
Lenka H Shriver

Former student-athletes may face challenges in maintaining physical activity and engaging in healthy eating after transitioning out of collegiate athletics. Maladaptive adjustments following athletic transitions can result in detrimental outcomes for former student-athletes, ranging from physical health concerns to negative psychosocial consequences. In contrast, positive transitions can promote optimal health and wellbeing. The Moving On! program was developed in recognition of the unique challenges faced by student-athletes and the importance of making healthy transitions out of college sports. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Moving On! program’s influence on several relevant theoretical constructs that influence health behaviors, including student-athletes’ self-perceptions and self-determined motivation for maintaining physical activity and healthy eating, along with their self-efficacy and intentions for engaging in these health-related behaviors after college. NCAA student-athletes in their final year of competition were recruited from two institutions. Participants (N = 20) completed the Moving On! program along with pre- and post-test surveys and focus group interviews. Survey results revealed positive changes in nutrition-related self-perceptions (t(19) = 2.406; p = 0.026; g = 0.38) and self-efficacy for healthy eating behaviors (t(19) = 3.022; p = 0.007; g = 0.70). No significant changes were observed for exercise identity (p = 0.845), physical activity self-efficacy (p = 0.114), or autonomous motivation for exercise (p = 0.108) and health eating (p = 0.264). Focus group responses indicated that student-athletes’ experiences in the program fostered positive shifts in their self-perceptions, enhanced their self-determined motivation, and reinforced their intentions for engaging in physical activity and healthy eating in the future. Implications for future research and program implementation are discussed.


2021 ◽  
pp. 288-298
Author(s):  
Lisa Anita Sari ◽  
Ani Astuti ◽  
Diah Merdekawati

Diabetes mellitus sufferers have metabolic issues caused by insulin disorders which indicate hyperglycemia. Behavior related to food and eating, including the amount of calories, dietary choices, setting a meal plan, and control dietary challenges are particularly important for diabetes mellitus sufferers owing to the impact of these measures on the speed with which blood glucose levels increase. With better understanding, diabetic patients can analyze their food intake and adopt appropriate eating behaviors. Self-efficacy can affect the patient’s commitment to their health. Knowledge and self-efficacy support healthy eating behavior patterns. This study aims to identify the relationship between knowledge and self-efficacy with regards to eating behaviors among people living with diabetes mellitus. Bandura’s promotion model was provided as a conceptual framework. A simple random sampling technique was used to recruit 201 participants with diabetes mellitus type 2. Data collection was via a Demographic Questionnaire, an Eating Behavior Questionnaire, a Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire (DKQ), and a Diabetes Mellitus Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (DMSQ). Data was analysed using univariate and bivariate analysis. The results indicate that participants’ eating behavior, knowledge, and self-efficacy were at a low level. This study also indicated a significant relationship between knowledge (p < 0,000) and self-efficacy (p < 0,00) and eating behaviors. The results provide important information to suggests that community nurses should increase the knowledge about diabetes mellitus management and use self-efficacy to design effective intervention to promote healthy eating behavior to keep blood sugar in control.   Keywords: eating behavior, knowledge, self-efficacy, diabetes mellitus


Author(s):  
Rachelle Opie ◽  
Gavin Abbott ◽  
David Crawford ◽  
Kylie Ball

Abstract Background There is growing evidence that diet is associated with both depressive symptoms and clinical depression, likely through biological mechanisms. However, it is also plausible that depression impacts diet, for example by impairing the personal drivers of healthy eating behaviors such as self-efficacy. This study is one of the first to explore the association of depressive symptoms with healthy eating self-efficacy over time. Methods Data was drawn from the Resilience for Eating and Activity Despite Inequality (READI) longitudinal study, a prospective cohort study of socioeconomically disadvantaged Australian women. This analysis includes a sub-sample of 1264 women. Linear mixed models, with random intercepts for suburb of residence, were performed to explore the relationships between total healthy eating self-efficacy at 5-years follow-up and depressive symptoms over time, whilst adjusting for potential confounders. To assess different trajectories of depressive symptoms over time, four categories were created; 1. no depressive symptoms (n = 667), 2. resolved depressive symptoms (n = 165), 3. new depressive symptoms (n = 189), and 4. persistent depressive symptoms (n = 243). Results There was very strong evidence of a difference in total healthy eating self-efficacy at follow-up between the four depressive symptoms trajectory categories (F(3,235) = 7.06,p < .0001), after adjusting for potential confounders. Pairwise comparisons indicated strong evidence of higher healthy eating self-efficacy among individuals with no depressive symptoms compared to individuals with persistent depressive symptoms (B = 1.97[95%CI: 0.60,3.33],p = .005). Similarly, there was evidence of higher healthy eating self-efficacy in individuals with resolved depressive symptoms than those with persistent depressive symptoms (B = 1.95[95%CI: 0.18,3.72],p = .031). Conclusions This study provides new insights demonstrating differences in total healthy eating self-efficacy at 5-year follow-up according to trajectory of depressive symptoms over time. Future interventions should focus on strategies that enhance self-efficacy among individuals with or at risk of depressive symptoms for supporting healthier dietary practices, which in turn, may contribute to reducing the highly burdensome mental health condition.


Author(s):  
Matthew T. Keough ◽  
Roisin M. O’Connor ◽  
Jennifer Swansburg ◽  
Sean P. Barrett ◽  
David C. Hodgins ◽  
...  

Dual process models propose that behaviour is influenced by the interactive effect of impulsive (i.e., automatic or implicit) and self-regulatory (i.e., controlled or explicit) processes. Recently, evidence from the alcohol literature demonstrates that the impulse to engage in risky behaviour is mitigated by a high capacity to self-regulate. The current study aimed to extend this model to behavioural addictions, namely frequent gambling behaviour. It was hypothesized that impulsive processes favouring gambling (positive implicit gambling cognition) would predict frequent gambling, but only if the capacity to self-regulate was low. A treatment-seeking sample of 57 adults with problem gambling (Mage = 45.20 years, 54% men) completed two Single Category Implicit Association Tests, one reflecting tension-reduction, and the other enhancement, implicit gambling cognition. Participants also completed self-report measures of past week gambling frequency and the Gambling Abstinence Self-Efficacy Scale, which provided a measure of the self-regulatory capacity to abstain from gambling when emotionally aroused. Controlling for age and gender, consistent with hypotheses, implicit tension reduction gambling cognition positively predicted gambling frequency at low (p = .046) but not at high (p =.191) self-efficacy for gambling abstinence when feeling emotionally bad. However, self-efficacy for gambling abstinence when feeling emotionally good was not supported as a moderator of the effect of implicit enhancement gambling cognition on gambling frequency. Results suggest that the cognitions inherent in the impulsive process leading to frequent gambling are tension reduction or escape-related. Furthermore, emotionally relevant nuances to the ability to self-regulate gambling do exist; these nuances may contribute to both risk model specificity and interventions.RésuméLes modèles à doubles processus indiquent que le comportement est influencé par l’effet interactif de processus impulsifs (c’est-à-dire, automatiques ou implicites) et autorégulateurs (c’est-à-dire contrôlés ou explicites). Récemment, des preuves tirées de la littérature sur l’alcool démontrent que l’impulsion à s’engager dans des comportements à risque est contrebalancée par une forte capacité d’autorégulation. La présente étude visait à étendre ce modèle aux dépendances comportementales, à savoir le comportement de jeu fréquent. On a émis l’hypothèse que des processus impulsifs favorisant le jeu (cognition de jeu implicite positive) pourraient laisser présager un jeu fréquent, mais seulement si la capacité d’autorégulation était faible. Un échantillon de 57 adultes aux prises avec problème de jeu compulsif (moyenne = 45,20 ans, 54 % d’hommes) a effectué deux tests d’association implicites à catégorie unique, l’un reflétant la réduction de tension et l’autre, la cognition de jeu implicite. Les participants ont également rempli des une auto-évaluation de la fréquence de jeu de la semaine qui précédait et l’échelle d’auto-évaluation de l’abstinence (Gambling Abstinence Self-Efficacy Scale), qui mesure la capacité de s’abstenir de jouer lorsque l’émotion est forte. En contrôlant l’âge et le sexe, et à la lumière des hypothèses, la cognition de jeu implicite prédit positivement une faible auto-efficacité liée à la fréquence de jeu (p = 0,046) et non pas une haute auto-efficacité (p = 0,191) pour ce qui est de l’abstinence au jeu en situation d’émotion négative. Cependant, l’auto-régulation pour s’abstenir de jouer lorsqu’on se sent émotionnellement bien n’était pas considérée comme un modérateur de l’effet de la cognition de jeu implicite sur la fréquence de jeu. Les résultats suggèrent que les cognitions inhérentes au processus impulsif conduisant à un jeu fréquent sont la réduction de tension ou l’évasion. De plus, il existe des nuances pertinentes sur le plan émotionnel à la capacité d’auto-réglementer le jeu; celles-ci peuvent contribuer à la fois à la spécificité du modèle de risque et aux interventions.


2002 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 485-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evagelos Bebetsos ◽  
Stiliani Chroni ◽  
Yannis Theodorakis

This study investigated intentions and self-efficacy of physically active university students towards healthy eating. The application of Planned Behavior theory has shown that attitudes, intention, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norms play an important role in shaping people's behavior. 96 students, who participated in physical activities, voluntarily completed the Questionnaire for the Planned Behavior Model and the Health Behavior Questionnaire. The former examines attitudes, intentions, perceived behavioral control, and the lately added attitude strength, and role identity towards the behavior factors. The latter assesses one's efficacy expectations towards healthy eating. The regression showed strong associations between the examined variables, signifying that attitudes, perceived behavioral control, and role identity could account for one's intention towards healthy eating behaviors. On the other hand, one's self-efficacy for healthy eating could be explained from the attitudes, intention, perceived behavioral control, and attitude strength held. Overall, systematic participation in physical activities appeared to be accompanied with a relatively healthier diet, while self-efficacy had a significant association with maintaining the healthy eating behaviors. Possible interpretations, limitations, and implications for health professionals are discussed.


2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 602-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noel L. Kulik ◽  
E. Whitney Moore ◽  
Erin E. Centeio ◽  
Alex C. Garn ◽  
Jeffrey J. Martin ◽  
...  

Background/Aim. Increased knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about a topic and behavioral capability and self-efficacy for healthy eating are often a precursor to behavior change. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the multicomponent school-based program on children’s healthy eating knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy for healthy eating, and on their eating habits over time. Method. Quasi-experimental (4 treatment, 2 comparison) in a metropolitan area using a pretest–posttest method. Participants were 628 fifth-grade youth (377 treatment, 251 comparison) with a mean age of 9.9 years. The Building Healthy Communities (BHC) program is an 8-month school-wide healthy school transformation program and includes six main components. Outcome measures include children’s healthy eating knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, and behavior. Missing data were imputed, confirmatory factor analysis tested scale factor structure, and path analysis determined a parsimonious path explaining behavior change. Results. The Student Attitudes and Self-Efficacy (SASE) scale had good measurement model fit. BHC group’s healthy eating knowledge and behaviors increased significantly, while SASE remained moderate. For both groups, the students’ knowledge and SASE significantly predicted their healthy eating behaviors; however, the intervention group accounted for a greater amount of variance (35% vs. 26%). Discussion. The BHC program was effective in improving healthy eating knowledge and behavior among youth, and the relationship between variables did not vary by group. Healthy eating knowledge is a significant predictor of both future knowledge and behavior.


2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natacha Toral ◽  
Betzabeth Slater

Purpose.To assess the impact of a six-month stage-based intervention on fruit and vegetable intake, regarding perceived benefits and barriers, and self-efficacy among adolescents.Design.Randomized treatment-control, pre-post design.Subjects/Setting.Schools were randomized between control and experimental groups. 860 adolescents from ten public schools in Brasília, Federal District, Brazil were evaluated at baseline; 771 (81%) completed the study.Intervention.Experimental group received monthly magazines and newsletters aimed at promotion of healthy eating.Measures.Self-reported fruit and vegetable intake, stages of change, self-efficacy and decisional balance scores were evaluated at baseline and post-intervention in both groups.Analysis.The effectiveness of the intervention was evaluated using the analysis of covariance model (ANCOVA) and repeated measurement analysis by means of weighted least squares. Comparison between the proportions of adolescents who advanced through the stages during the intervention was performed using the Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test.Results.After adjusting for sex and age, study variables showed no modifications through the proposed intervention. There was no statistical difference in participant mobility in the intervention and control groups between the stages of change, throughout the study.Conclusion.A nutritional intervention based exclusively on distribution of stage-matched printed educational materials was insufficient to change adolescents’ dietary behavior.


2021 ◽  
pp. 019394592110216
Author(s):  
Yang Yu ◽  
Qianheng Ma ◽  
Isabel Diana Fernandez ◽  
Susan W Groth

Excessive postpartum weight retention conveys risks for future metabolic diseases. Eating behaviors influence postpartum weight retention; however, the modifiable predictors of eating behaviors remain unclear. Using data from a three-arm, randomized controlled trial, the purpose of this study was to examine the longitudinal associations of mental health (e.g., depressive symptoms) and behavior change skills (e.g., self-efficacy) with eating behaviors (i.e., compensatory restraint, routine restraint, emotional eating, and external eating) among women (N = 424) over 18-months postpartum. Results revealed that depressive symptoms, perceived stress, healthy eating self-efficacy, overeating self-efficacy, self-weighing, and problem-solving confidence were associated with one or more of the examined eating behaviors. Furthermore, depressive symptoms moderated the association between healthy eating self-efficacy and routine restraint. Perceived stress moderated the associations between healthy eating/overeating self-efficacy and emotional eating. The findings suggest that mental health and behavior change skills may serve as targets for interventions designed to improve postpartum women’s eating behaviors. Clinical trials registry:ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT01331564


2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 404-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Kiang ◽  
Sara Mendonça ◽  
Yue Liang ◽  
Ayse Payir ◽  
Lia T. O’Brien ◽  
...  

Purpose Despite USA’s emphasis on children as consumers with great spending power, little is known about their actual spending preferences and how they might be linked to personal character traits such as materialism and gratitude. This study aims to address this literature gap by examining children’s spending preferences in an imaginary windfall scenario, as well as main and interactive effects of materialism and gratitude on such preferences. Design/methodology/approach This was a school-based research study. Survey methodology was used in which self-report measures were collected from 247 7-14-year-old children (58 per cent male). Findings Results suggest that materialism was significantly associated with saving resources and allocating less money to charity. Gratitude was related to more charitable giving. One interactive effect was found whereby the link between more materialism and saving was attenuated by high levels of gratitude. Contrary to expectations, no age or gender differences in spending preferences or materialism were found, but older children and girls reported higher gratitude than did younger children and boys. Research limitations/implications Although cross-sectional data limit conclusions regarding directionality, the results have implications for understanding children’s consumer behavior, as well as children’s well-being, self-regulation and ability to delay gratification. Practical implications The results suggest that materialism, with its emphasis on consumption, and gratitude, with its positive feedback loop that encourages prosocial connections, are particularly relevant avenues to continue examining in future research on youth consumer patterns. Social implications Gratitude not only promotes social connectedness but also is more environmentally sustainable in promoting appreciation for what one has rather than wanting more. Uncovering ways that these characteristics are linked to hypothetical and, ultimately, actual spending behavior reflects a meaningful contribution to the field. Originality/value This paper fills gaps in the literature by examining links between specific character traits and potential spending behaviors, with deeper implications for children’s psychosocial development, self-regulation and environmental sustainability.


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