scholarly journals Visual segmentation of complex naturalistic structures in an infant eye-tracking search task

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karola Schlegelmilch ◽  
Annie E. Wertz
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Luminance Contrast ◽  
Search Performance ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Visual Segmentation ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Visual Properties ◽  
The Impact

An infant's everyday visual environment is composed of a complex array of entities, some of which are well integrated into their surroundings. Although infants are already sensitive to some categories in their first year of life, it is not clear which visual information supports their detection of meaningful elements within naturalistic scenes. Here we investigated the impact of image characteristics on 8-month-olds' search performance using a gaze contingent eye-tracking search task. Infants had to detect a target patch on a background image. The stimuli consisted of images taken from three categories: vegetation, non-living natural elements (e.g., stones), and manmade artifacts, for which we also assessed target background differences in lower- and higher-level visual properties. Our results showed that larger target-background differences in the statistical properties scaling invariance and entropy, and also stimulus backgrounds including low pictorial depth, predicted better detection performance. Furthermore, category membership only affected search performance if supported by luminance contrast. Data from an adult comparison group also indicated that infants' search performance relied more on lower-order visual properties than adults. Taken together, these results suggest that infants use a combination of property- and category-related information to parse complex visual stimuli.

scholarly journals The impact of product presentation on decision-making and purchasing

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosy Boardman ◽  
Helen McCormick
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Target Market ◽  
Consumer Decision Making ◽  
Consumer Decision ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Product Presentation ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to investigate how apparel product presentation influences consumer decision-making and whether there are any differences between age groups. Design/methodology/approach A mixed methodology was used including eye-tracking and qualitative in-depth interviews, with a purposive sample of 50 participants between age 20 and 70. Findings A higher number of product presentation features resulted in increased positive visual, cognitive and affective responses as consumers wanted as much visual information as possible to aid decision-making. Images of models attracted the most attention and were the most influential product presentation feature, followed by mannequin images and the zoom function. The 20 s spent much less time viewing and interacting with the product presentation features than middle age groups (30 s-50 s), had minimal fixations on mannequin images and had a much quicker decision-making process than other age groups. Practical implications The research informs retailers which product presentation features are the most effective for their target market to aid consumer decision-making with the aim of reducing returns. Originality/value The paper contributes to the literature by providing more in-depth insights than previous studies into the impact of online product presentation on consumer decision-making by using qualitative research and eye-tracking. The research also explores more product presentation features than previous research and investigates the presentation of apparel products, which are notoriously the most difficult products for consumers to assess online. The research is unique in its exploration of age differences in relation to product presentation features.

scholarly journals The Effect of Information Organization on Cognitive Workload and Visual Search Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 302-306
Author(s):  
Jeffrey C. Joe ◽  
Casey R. Kovesdi ◽  
Andrea Mack ◽  
Tina Miyake
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Visual Search Task ◽  
Information Organization ◽  
Cognitive Workload ◽  
Search Performance ◽  
Speed Accuracy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Accuracy Tradeoff

This study examined the relationship between how visual information is organized and people’s visual search performance. Specifically, we systematically varied how visual search information was organized (from well-organized to disorganized), and then asked participants to perform a visual search task involving finding and identifying a number of visual targets within the field of visual non-targets. We hypothesized that the visual search task would be easier when the information was well-organized versus when it was disorganized. We further speculated that visual search performance would be mediated by cognitive workload, and that the results could be generally described by the well-established speed-accuracy tradeoff phenomenon. This paper presents the details of the study we designed and our results.

The Impact of Age on Visual Search Performance

1993 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Manivannan ◽  
Sara Czaja ◽  
Colin Drury ◽  
Chi Ming Ip
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Visual Search Task ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Search Performance ◽  
Performance Effect ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact

Visual search is an important component of many real world tasks such as industrial inspection and driving. Several studies have shown that age has an impact on visual search performance. In general older people demonstrate poorer performance on such tasks as compared to younger people. However, there is controversy regarding the source of the age-performance effect. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between component abilities and visual search performance, in order to identify the locus of age-related performance differences. Six abilities including reaction time, working memory, selective attention and spatial localization were identified as important components of visual search performance. Thirty-two subjects ranging in age from 18 - 84 years, categorized in three different age groups (young, middle, and older) participated in the study. Their component abilities were measured and they performed a visual search task. The visual search task varied in complexity in terms of type of targets detected. Significant relationships were found between some of the component skills and search performance. Significant age effects were also observed. A model was developed using hierarchical multiple linear regression to explain the variance in search performance. Results indicated that reaction time, selective attention, and age were important predictors of search performance with reaction time and selective attention accounting for most of the variance.

scholarly journals Identification of Target Objects from Gaze Behavior during a Virtual Navigation Task

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah R. Enders ◽  
Robert J. Smith ◽  
Stephen M. Gordon ◽  
Anthony J. Ries ◽  
Jonathan Touryan
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Visual Search Task ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Movement Behavior ◽  
Gaze Behavior ◽  
Attention Task

Eye tracking has been an essential tool within the vision science community for many years. However, the majority of studies involving eye-tracking technology employ a relatively passive approach through the use of static imagery, prescribed motion, or video stimuli. This is in contrast to our everyday interaction with the natural world where we navigate our environment while actively seeking and using task-relevant visual information. For this reason, vision researchers are beginning to use virtual environment platforms, which offer interactive, realistic visual environments while maintaining a substantial level of experimental control. Here, we recorded eye movement behavior while participants freely navigated through a complex virtual environment. Within this environment, participants completed a visual search task where they were asked to find and count occurrence of specific targets among numerous distractor items. We assigned each participant into one of four target groups: Humvees, motorcycles, aircraft, or furniture. Our results show a significant relationship between gaze behavior and target objects across subject groups. Specifically, we see an increased number of fixations and increase dwell time on target relative to distractor objects. In addition, we included a divided attention task to investigate how search patterns changed with the addition of a secondary task. With increased cognitive load, subjects slowed their speed, decreased gaze on objects, and increased the number of objects scanned in the environment. Overall, our results confirm previous findings from more controlled laboratory settings and demonstrate that complex virtual environments can be used for active visual search experimentation, maintaining a high level of precision in the quantification of gaze information and visual attention. This study contributes to our understanding of how individuals search for information in a naturalistic virtual environment. Likewise, our paradigm provides an intriguing look into the heterogeneity of individual behaviors when completing an un-timed visual search task while actively navigating.

Critical consumption of chemistry visuals: eye tracking structured variation and visual feedback of redox and precipitation reactions

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 837-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. R. Hansen ◽  
B. Hu ◽  
D. Riedlova ◽  
R. M. Kelly ◽  
S. Akaygun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Graphic Organizers ◽  
Verbal Responses ◽  
Chemistry Students ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Students First ◽  
Study Support ◽  
The Impact

This mixed method study investigation uses eye tracking and qualitative analysis to investigate the impact of animation variation and visual feedback on the critique of submicroscopic representations of experimental phenomena. Undergraduate general chemistry students first viewed an experimental video of a precipitation or oxidation reduction (redox) reaction. Next, they viewed the corresponding animations and were shown a visualization of where they had looked. Critique of the chemically relevant features in the animations and viewing pattern were monitored using participant generated drawings, verbal responses, graphic organizers, and eye tracking. Viewing and critique of chemically relevant features were found to increase after engaging with structured animations and visual feedback. Findings from this study support the use of structured variations and visual feedback in developing critical consumers of visual information, empowering students to describe and develop their understanding of chemical phenomena and become more purposeful visual consumers.

The Impact of Road Familiarity on the Perception of Traffic Signs – Eye Tracking Case Study

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Babic ◽  
Darko Babic ◽  
Andelko Šcukanec
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Traffic Sign ◽  
Traffic Signs ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact

Traffic sign visual information provides road users with the basic instructions regarding route selection, safety at intersections, warnings on physical obstacles on the road and safe route marking. The use of sophisticated eye tracking systems is an efficient way to analyse the influence of traffic signs on drivers’ behaviour. In this paper, the drivers’ perception of traffics signs has been analysed using such a system. The aim of this paper is to determine how the perception of traffic signs changes according to the frequency of driving on a specific route or according to the route familiarity. The results show that the drivers’ perception of traffic signs declines as they get familiar with the route and road conditions. In addition, older drivers having more driving experience perceive fewer signs and elements from the environment because they are often led by their own experience and knowledge, so they do not need the same amount of information as compared to younger drivers.

scholarly journals The use of eye tracking technologies in studying perception of graphic information perception

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Viktor Edmundasovich Yanchus ◽  
Ekaterina Vladislavovna Borevich ◽  
Anastasiya Artemovna Avdeeva
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
Digital Processing ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tracking Technology

The scientific research related to the use of eye tracking technologies are currently of particular relevance. A substantial area of scientific knowledge, in which it is feasible to use eye tracking technologies, is associated with the study of perception of visual information. One of the trends of such research is the examination of the impact of compositional construction of visual image upon its perception by the viewer. The object of this research is elements of graphic composition (stylistic and color solutions). The subject is the methods and algorithms for digital processing of graphic material. The article employs the computational methods of color correction, eye tracking technology, expert assessment, statistical processing of the obtained experimental data. The scientific novelty of this work consists in the development of methodology of preparing and conducting computational experiments for the impact of the stylistic solution of graphic composition upon its perception by the viewer. The technique developed by the authors has proven itself in carrying out the experiments for studying the effect of color solution of the frame upon its perception by the viewer. The study revealed the statistical significance of the impact of stylistic solution of graphic composition upon viewer’s perception. The hypothesis that abstract graphic compositions are difficult for viewer’s perception was statistically proven. The acquired results can be used in constructing complex graphic images, which require the speed of information perception to view them.

056 Effects of Simulated Shift Schedules on Visual Search

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A23-A24
Author(s):  
Amanda Hudson ◽  
John Hinson ◽  
Paul Whitney ◽  
Elena Crooks ◽  
Nita Shattuck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Visual Search Task ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Search Performance ◽  
Shift Schedule ◽  
Shift Schedules ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Visual search is important in many operational tasks, such as passive sonar monitoring in naval operations. Shift work can contribute to fatigue and task performance impairment; in particular, backward rotating shift schedules have been shown to impair vigilant attention performance. However, the impact on visual search performance, above and beyond impaired vigilant attention, is unknown. We investigated the effects of two distinct shift work schedules using a visual search task with properties of real-life visual search performance. Methods N=13 adult males (ages 18–39) completed a 6-day/5-night laboratory study with an acclimation day, four simulated shift days, and a recovery day. Shift days involved either a 5h-on/15h-off backward rotating schedule (n=8) or a 3h-on/9h-off fixed schedule (n=5). The visual search task was performed once per shift at varying time of day depending on shift. Participants viewed search arrays where stimuli consisted of colored letters of different shapes. Over three trial blocks of 24 trials each, participants determined if a target was present or absent among 1, 5, 15, or 30 distractors. Similarity between targets and distractors was manipulated between blocks, such that targets differed from distractors by color only, shape only, or either color or shape but not both. For each distinct target feature block, and separately for presence or absence of a target, slopes of response times regressed against number of stimuli were calculated to quantify visual search rates. Mixed-effects ANOVA was used to analyze visual search rates by shift schedule and shift day. Results There were no significant effects of shift schedule (all p>0.30), shift day (all p>0.13), or their interaction (all p>0.22) on visual search rates. Conclusion Previous work showed degraded vigilant attention in the shift schedules considered here, especially in the backward rotating schedule, which may compromise operational performance. However, while our sample may have been too small to have adequate statistical power, we failed to identify specific impairments in visual search with statistical significance. It remains to be determined whether greater levels of fatigue, such as could be induced by total sleep deprivation, would reveal significant visual search deficits. Support (if any) Naval Postgraduate School award N62271-13-M-1228

The Impact of a Highly Publicized Celebrity Suicide on Suicide-Related Online Information Seeking

Crisis ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Arendt ◽  
Sebastian Scherr
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Online Information ◽  
Search Queries ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Celebrity Suicide ◽  
Online Information Seeking ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Background: Research has already acknowledged the importance of the Internet in suicide prevention as search engines such as Google are increasingly used in seeking both helpful and harmful suicide-related information. Aims: We aimed to assess the impact of a highly publicized suicide by a Hollywood actor on suicide-related online information seeking. Method: We tested the impact of the highly publicized suicide of Robin Williams on volumes of suicide-related search queries. Results: Both harmful and helpful search terms increased immediately after the actor's suicide, with a substantial jump of harmful queries. Limitations: The study has limitations (e.g., possible validity threats of the query share measure, use of ambiguous search terms). Conclusion: Online suicide prevention efforts should try to increase online users' awareness of and motivation to seek help, for which Google's own helpline box could play an even more crucial role in the future.

Executive Dysfunction Mediates the Association Between Older Age and Online Health Information Search Performance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Kordovski ◽  
Savanna M. Tierney ◽  
Samina Rahman ◽  
Luis D. Medina ◽  
Michelle A. Babicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Older Age ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Health Related

Objective: Searching the Internet for health-related information is a complex and dynamic goal-oriented process that places demands on executive functions, which are higher-order cognitive abilities that are known to deteriorate with older age. This study aimed to examine the effects of older age on electronic health (eHealth) search behavior, and to determine whether executive functions played a mediating role in that regard. Method: Fifty younger adults (≤ 35 years) and 41 older adults (≥50 years) completed naturalistic eHealth search tasks involving fact-finding (Fact Search) and symptom diagnosis (Symptom Search), a neurocognitive battery, and a series of questionnaires. Results: Multiple regression models with relevant covariates revealed that older adults were slower and less accurate than younger adults on the eHealth Fact Search task, but not on the eHealth Symptom Search task. Nevertheless, executive functions mediated the relationship between older age and eHealth Fact Search and Symptom Search accuracy. Conclusions: Older adults can experience difficulty searching the Internet for some health-related information, which is at least partly attributable to executive dysfunction. Future studies are needed to determine the benefits of training in the organizational and strategic aspects of Internet search for older adults and whether these findings are applicable to clinical populations with executive dysfunction.

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