scholarly journals The Process of Reinventing a Job: A Meta–Synthesis of Qualitative Job Crafting Research

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Lazazzara ◽  
Maria Tims ◽  
Davide de Gennaro
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Qualitative Studies ◽  
Job Crafting ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
And Performance

Two different research streams are encountered in the job crafting literature. The first, defined as task, cognitive, and relational job crafting by Wrzesniewski and Dutton (2001), has predominantly applied qualitative research designs to explore how employees craft their jobs to better align them with their preferences, abilities, and motivations to enhance work meaning and identity. The second stream, characterized by crafting job demands and job resources (Tims & Bakker, 2010), focuses mostly on quantitative research designs and examines the antecedents of job crafting and whether those antecedents are related to work-related well-being and performance. Although the quantitative studies have recently been meta-analyzed (Lichtenthaler & Fischbach, 2018; Rudolph, Katz, Lavigne, & Zacher, 2017), the knowledge that is captured in the qualitative studies has not been formally integrated. We contribute to a better understanding of job crafting by conducting a meta-synthesis of the qualitative research. Analyzing 24 qualitative studies, we developed a process model of job crafting that enhances an in-depth understanding of the processes associated with job crafting. More specifically, we highlight the motives for job crafting (i.e., proactive or reactive) and how the specific context may influence the form of job crafting in which individuals engage. Next, the process model shows that personal factors connect job crafting forms to the experienced job crafting consequences. The process model enables a better understanding of the conditions under which job crafting is most likely to generate positive or negative experiences.

scholarly journals “We Prefer the Friendly Approach and Not the Facility”: On the Value of Qualitative Research in Ethiopia

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Human Resources For Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Child Health Services ◽  
Health Extension Workers ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Disciplinary Boundaries ◽  
Tigray Region ◽  
Afar Region

BACKGROUND: Quantitative research is useful for answering ‘how many’ or ‘how much’ questions, while qualitative research helps answer ‘why’ and ‘how’ questions. Most research about health extension workers (HEWs) has been quantitative and few studies examine the experiences of HEWs themselves. This qualitative study draws attention to the gendered dynamics of human resources for health at the community level.METHODS: Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with 14 HEWs (two FGDs in Afar Region and two in Southern Nations Nationality and Peoples Region), and interviews with 45 HEWs from Afar Region, SNNPR and Adwa (Tigray Region) were conducted to identify how gender issues affected their well-being. Questions were designed to explore personal safety, stress, autonomy, self-esteem, family, other social relationships, as we wanted to analyze the extent to which these gendered issues affected HEWs in their day-to-day work.RESULTS: By employing female HEWs, the Health Extension Program (HEP) has seen substantial gains in ‘practical’ gender needs by improving women’s access to, and utilization of maternal and child health services. Although the HEP has the potential to be gender transformative by providing employment for HEWs, there is limited evidence that it 'strategically' advances women's position. Many HEWs had heavy workloads, received low pay relative to other public sector jobs and lacked opportunity to transfer or upgrade their skills and advance within the health workforce hierarchy.CONCLUSION: Qualitative research can provide complex descriptions of the social world to better understand what people such as HEWs say and the meanings they give, thus providing explanations for some health problems outside disciplinary boundaries.

Adding to the Truth of the Matter: The Case for Qualitative Research

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine L. Florczak
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Translational Research ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health And Well Being

The purpose of this column is to discuss the impact that qualitative research has on translational research, whose aim is to improve the health and well-being of individuals. To that end, rigorous qualitative research is examined; translational research is entertained and the manner in which qualitative research can be a co-equal partner with quantitative research is proposed.

scholarly journals The role of work-related needs in the relationship between job crafting, burnout and engagement

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrice Travaglianti ◽  
Audrey Babic ◽  
Isabelle Hansez
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Job Crafting ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Mediating Role

Orientation: Knowing that it is imperative to better understand the antecedents and consequences of needs-supplies fit, the present research had two main objectives. Firstly we wanted to extend our knowledge about traditional psychological needs, for example highlighted through the Self-Determination Theory, by presenting more specific work-related needs. Secondly, following the new directions of organisational fit theories, we wanted to better understand how individuals make sense of fit.Research purpose: The purpose of this study is to propose more specific work-related needs in terms of employment quality and to test job crafting as an antecedent of needs-supplies fit (NS fit). We tested the double mediating role of NS fit (i.e. specific: based on more specific work-related needs, and general: based on global job perceptions) between job crafting and individual outcomes namely burnout and work engagement.Motivation for the study: By taking into account more specific work-related needs, this study aimed to add more specific information to better help predict well-being at work. Moreover, the present research responds to the need to better understand how individuals make sense of fit.Research design, approach, and method: Data were collected in a Belgian Public Federal Service (N = 1500). Our research model was tested using Structural Equation Modelling with Mplus.Main findings: Results show, (1) that specific NS fit perception was positively related to a global NS fit perception and (2) the partial mediating role (specific and general) of NS fit between job crafting and burnout and work engagement.Practical/managerial implications: Managers should encourage crafting behaviours and should know their team and that team’s specific needs.Contribution/added-value: By taking into account more specific work-related needs, our study suggests that needs-supplies may have more than one dimension. Moreover, it shows that job crafting is a way to increase NS fit.

scholarly journals Insights and Pitfalls: Selection Bias in Qualitative Research

1996 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Collier ◽  
James Mahoney
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Selection Bias ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Qualitative Studies ◽  
Real Issue ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Selection Of

Qualitative analysts have received stern warnings that the validity of their studies may be undermined by selection bias. This article provides an overview of this problem for qualitative researchers in the field of international and comparative studies, focusing on selection bias that may result from the deliberate selection of cases by the investigator. Examples are drawn from studies of revolution, international deterrence, the politics of inflation, international terms of trade, economic growth, and industrial competitiveness. The article first explores how insights about selection bias developed in quantitative research can most productively be applied in qualitative studies. The discussion considers why qualitative researchers need to be concerned about selection bias, even if they do not care about the generality of their findings, and it considers distinctive implications of this form of bias for qualitative research, as in the problem of what is labeled “complexification based on extreme cases.” The article then considers pitfalls in recent discussions of selection bias in qualitative studies. These discussions at times get bogged down in disagreements and misunderstandings over how the dependent variable is conceptualized and what the appropriate frame of comparison should be, issues that are crucial to the assessment of bias within a given study. At certain points it becomes clear that the real issue is not just selection bias, but a larger set of trade-offs among alternative analytic goals.

scholarly journals Workplace Innovation through Proactivity. Job Crafting and Work Engagement Dynamics among Remote Workers in Italy.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arianna Costantini ◽  
Serena Rubini
Keyword(s):  
Work Engagement ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Job Crafting ◽  
Bayesian Estimator ◽  
Work Organisation ◽  
Remote Work ◽  
Work Processes ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Remote Workers ◽  
Workplace Innovation

In this chapter, we adopt a psychological perspective to the study of workplace innovation in Italy. Framing our contribution in the context of remote working and workplace innovation before, during, and after the COVID-19 emergency, we investigate how proactive behaviours (i.e., job crafting) transforming remote work processes resulted in different levels of work engagement during the pandemic. Three-wave longitudinal data were collected from a final sample of 35 remote workers (N=105 observations). Results from multilevel analyses with Bayesian estimator showed that remote working was associated with higher frequencies of behaviours aimed at actively distancing by one’s work role, which in turn was associated with lower work engagement. On the other side, employees reporting more efforts to optimise their work processes proactively reported higher engagement than those displaying less proactivity towards remote work organisation. These findings highlight the need for remote working solutions to account for individual proactivity in enacting remote work processes, since such behaviours are significant predictors of work engagement, a key factor to allow higher organisational performance and work-related well-being.

scholarly journals The Intertwined Relationship Between Job Crafting, Work-Related Positive Emotions, and Work Engagement. Evidence from a Positive Psychology Intervention Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 210-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arianna Costantini ◽  
Riccardo Sartori
Keyword(s):  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Work Engagement ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Job Crafting ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Positive Psychology Intervention ◽  
Public Organisation ◽  
Emotions In The Workplace ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: The present study examines the impact of a positive psychology intervention on job crafting, positive emotions and work engagement. Design: A sample of 43 employees working in a public organisation received a three day-long resource-based intervention grounded on meaningfulness and practical exercises. Findings: Results showed that the intervention had a positive effect on job crafting, positive job-related affective well-being and work engagement. Moreover, findings from a mediation model show that the intervention was effective in sustaining work engagement resulting from experienced positive emotions, which in turn resulted from job crafting behaviours. Originality/Value: To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the intertwined relationships between job crafting behaviours, positive emotions in the workplace, and work engagement. Moreover, our findings provide evidence of the effectiveness of the proposed positive psychology intervention to support work engagement resulting from proactive adjustment to the work environment and the positive emotions deriving from it.

scholarly journals Elderly's Meaningful Occupation As A Rehabilitation Mean In Occupational Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-21
Author(s):  
Aida Kalashyan
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Therapy Effect

The aim of the study is to find out the importance of occupation in the lives of elderly people and identify the occupation therapy effect of their well-being. The survey was conducted on quantitative and qualitative research for the collection of research data. For quantitative research was used a testing method with the use of Chris Mayer's and Interests questionnaires. Qualitative research is based on quantitative research results, accordingly has been designed a questionnaire that has helped to reveal the research question. MS Excel program was applied for analyzing quantitative research, and thematic analysis method for qualitative research. The results of the research reveal that most elderly people do not have meaningful occupation, do not do any kind of job, do not engage in their preferred occupation. These circumstances are interpreted as the work for the livelihoods organized by the institution. In addition, this was explained not only by the lack of alternative occupation options in the institution, but also by the lack of desire of the elderly. The elderly voiced also financial and health problems that hindered their involvement in their preferred occupation.

scholarly journals Research Methods

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie Williams
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Report Writing ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Conducting Research

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-align: justify; margin: 0in 34.2pt 0pt 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">This paper discusses three common research approaches, qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods, along with the various research designs commonly used when conducting research within the framework of each approach. Creswell (2002) noted that quantitative research is the process of collecting, analyzing, interpreting, and writing the results of a study, while qualitative research is the approach to data collection, analysis, and report writing differing from the traditional, quantitative approaches. This paper provides a further distinction between quantitative and qualitative research methods. This paper also presents a summary of the different research methods to conduct research in quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies.</span></span></p>

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