scholarly journals Not all measures of naturalistic memory are sensitive to ageing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Mair ◽  
marie poirier ◽  
Martin A. Conway
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Test Word ◽  
Word List ◽  
Age Effects ◽  
The Other ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Face

Published age effects in naturalistic memory are inconsistent. This study examined whether a set of typical naturalistic memory measures produced equivalent results in a single participant sample. Four naturalistic memory tests (everyday memory, autobiographical memory from the past year, autobiographical memory from age 11-17, word-cued autobiographical memory) and one laboratory test (word-list recall) were administered to 20 young and 20 older adults. There was significant variance in the tests’ sensitivity to age: word-cued autobiographical memory produced the largest deficit in older adults, similar in magnitude to word-list recall. In contrast, older adults performed comparatively well on the other measures, which were more ecologically valid. Retention interval, executive function, and event characteristics influenced performance, but none of these factors could account for the pattern of age effects. Further research is needed to understand the face validity of these naturalistic memory tasks, and future investigations should be mindful of their ecological validity.

scholarly journals Age effects in autobiographical memory depend on the measure

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0259279
Author(s):  
Ali Mair ◽  
Marie Poirier ◽  
Martin A. Conway
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Retention Interval ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Word List ◽  
Age Effects ◽  
The Other ◽  
Event Type ◽  
Memory Tests ◽  
The Past

Studies examining age effects in autobiographical memory have produced inconsistent results. This study examined whether a set of typical autobiographical memory measures produced equivalent results in a single participant sample. Five memory tests (everyday memory, autobiographical memory from the past year, autobiographical memory from age 11–17, word-cued autobiographical memory, and word-list recall) were administered in a single sample of young and older adults. There was significant variance in the tests’ sensitivity to age: word-cued autobiographical memory produced the largest deficit in older adults, similar in magnitude to word-list recall. In contrast, older adults performed comparatively well on the other measures. The pattern of findings was broadly consistent with the results of previous investigations, suggesting that (1) the results of the different AM tasks are reliable, and (2) variable age effects in the autobiographical memory literature are at least partly due to the use of different tasks, which cannot be considered interchangeable measures of autobiographical memory ability. The results are also consistent with recent work dissociating measures of specificity and detail in autobiographical memory, and suggest that specificity is particularly sensitive to ageing. In contrast, detail is less sensitive to ageing, but is influenced by retention interval and event type. The extent to which retention interval and event type interact with age remains unclear; further research using specially designed autobiographical memory tasks could resolve this issue.

scholarly journals Liturgy and non-colonial thinking: Speaking to and about God beyond ideology, religion and identity politics – Towards non-religion and a unbearable freedom in Christ

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann-Albrecht Meylahn
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Specific Group ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Face ◽  
European Colonialism ◽  
Good And Evil ◽  
The Voice

It has been argued that most countries that had been exposed to European colonialism have inherited a Western Christianity thanks to the mission societies from Europe and North America. In such colonial and post-colonial (countries where the political administration is no longer in European hands, but the effects of colonialism are still in place) contexts, together with Western contexts facing the ever-growing impact of migrants coming from the previous colonies, there is a need to reflect on the possibility of what a non-colonial liturgy, rather than a decolonial or postcolonial liturgy, would look like. For many, postcolonial or decolonial liturgies are those that specifically create spaces for the voice of a particular identified other. The other is identified and categorised as a particular voice from the margins, or a specific voice from the borders, or the voices of particular identified previously silenced voices from, for example, the indigenous backyards. A question that this context raises is as follows: Is consciously creating such social justice spaces – that is determined spaces by identifying particular voices that someone or a specific group decides to need to be heard and even making these particular voiceless (previously voiceless) voices central to any worship experience – really that different to the colonial liturgies of the past? To give voice to another voice, is maybe only a change of voice, which certainly has tremendous historical value, but is it truly a transformation? Such a determined ethical space is certainly a step towards greater multiculturalism and can therefore be interpreted as a celebration of greater diversity and inclusivity in the dominant ontology. Yet, this ontology remains policed, either by the state-maintaining police or by the moral (social justice) police.Contribution: In this article, a non-colonial liturgy will be sought that goes beyond the binary of the dominant voice and the voice of the other, as the voice of the other too often becomes the voice of a particular identified and thus determined victim – in other words, beyond the binary of master and slave, perpetrator and victim, good and evil, and justice and injustice, as these binaries hardly ever bring about transformation, but only a change in the face of master and the face of the slave, yet remaining in the same policed ontology.

The Other Side of the Hidden Curriculum: Correspondence Theories and the Labor Process

1980 ◽  
Vol 162 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Apple
Keyword(s):  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Hidden Curriculum ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
The Other ◽  
Labor Process ◽  
Work Culture ◽  
Relative Autonomy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
The Face

Many analyses of the hidden curriculum have been strongly influenced by correspondence theories, theories which posit a mirror image relationship between the norms and values taught in school and those “required” in the economy. Correspondence theories, however, often miss the elements of resistence, contradiction, and relative autonomy that occur in schools and in the workplace. Studies of the work culture document the past and continued existence of such elements, elements which mediate and can provide the potential for transforming the pressures for social reproduction. We must be very careful of romanticizing such resistance, however, for the terms are often set by owners, not workers. The existence of resistence and contradiction is important, though, since it provides for the possibility of educational action in the face of the power of the hidden curriculum.

scholarly journals Searching for the Past: Exploring the Dynamics of Direct and Generative Autobiographical Memory Reconstruction Among Young and Cognitively Normal Older Adults

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aubrey Anne Ladd Wank ◽  
Jessica R. Andrews-Hanna ◽  
Matthew D. Grilli
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Specific Detail ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
The Past ◽  
Overgeneral Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Age Related

Episodic autobiographical memories (EAMs) can come to mind through two retrieval routes, one direct (i.e., an EAM is retrieved almost instantaneously) and the other generative (i.e., by using autobiographical/general knowledge to cue an EAM). It is well established that normal cognitive aging is associated with a reduction in the retrieval of EAMs, but the contributions of direct or generative reconstruction to the age-related shift toward general memories remain unknown. Prior studies also have not clarified whether similar cognitive mechanisms facilitate the ability to successfully reconstruct EAMs and elaborate them in event-specific detail. To address these gaps in knowledge, young and older participants were asked to reconstruct EAMs using a “think-aloud” paradigm and then describe in detail a subset of retrieved memories. An adapted scoring procedure was implemented to categorize memories accessed during reconstruction, and the Autobiographical Interview (AI) scoring procedure was utilized for elaboration scoring. Results indicated that in comparison to young adults, older adults not only engaged in direct retrieval less often than young adults, but they also more often ended generative retrieval at general events instead of EAMs. The ability to elaborate EAMs with internal details was positively associated with the ability to use generative retrieval to reconstruct EAMs in both young and older adults, but there was no relationship between internal detail elaboration and direct retrieval in either age group. Taken together, these results indicate age-related differences in direct and generative retrieval contribute to overgeneral autobiographical memory and they support a connection between generative retrieval and elaboration.

scholarly journals Joe Lampton’s north‐south divide: Remembering place and space in Man at the Top (1970‐72)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-176
Author(s):  
Philip Kiszely
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
New Left ◽  
The Other ◽  
Place And Space ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Face ◽  
Post War ◽  
The One ◽  
Architectural Reconstruction

This article considers the depiction of region and materiality in Thames Television’s Man at the Top (1970‐72). Dealing with the present by looking to the past, the series critiques the architectural reconstruction that changed the face of the country during the post-war years and beyond. This transformation is seen through the jaundiced eye of series protagonist Joe Lampton, a 1950s anti-hero recycled for a more uncertain age. He finds himself caught between the pull of tradition and the push for progress ‐ forces aligned respectively with the industrial North (his native Yorkshire) and the cosmopolitan South (his contemporaneous London-based life). Why, in the broader context of the early 1970s, must Lampton’s North be identified with the past? How does materiality work to frame remembrance? The article responds to these questions by mapping the series, along with television culture more generally, onto its socio-political moment. It arrives at conclusions via a constructionist analysis that draws on ‘New Left’ inflected discourses, on the one hand, and philosophies relating to collective memory and materiality on the other.

IS THE LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN FOOD SECURITY SCALE AN APPROPRIATE INSTRUMENT FOR MEXICAN URBAN OLDER ADULTS?

2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
M. VILAR-COMPTE ◽  
A. BERNAL-STUART ◽  
D. ORTA-ALEMAN ◽  
T. OCHOA-RIVERA ◽  
R. PEREZ-ESCAMILLA
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Face ◽  
Latin American And Caribbean

Background: Older adults in Mexico are a growing share of the population and are a largely vulnerablegroup with increased risk of food insecurity and potential detrimental health effects stemming from it.Objectives:This study assesses the face validity of the Latin American and Caribbean Food Security Scale(ELCSA) among Mexican urban older adults of low socioeconomic status. Design: Qualitative study based on 4focus groups. Setting: The focus groups were conducted in community organizations for the elderly in an areaof Mexico City with a high proportion of poverty. Participants: The focus groups included a total of 36 olderadults aged 65 and over who consented to participate. Measurements:Two initial focus groups were conductedto assess how older adults understood the food security construct and each of the ELCSA items. Based on thesefindings, ELCSA was modified and retested for face validity through two additional focus groups. Results:Theinitial focus groups suggested that several of the scale items were not well understood, leading to editorialmodifications of the scale. The final focus groups indicated that the modified version of the scale improvedsubstantially ELCSA’s face validity in this sample. Conclusions: The modified ELCSA led to a greaterunderstanding of most scale items. Further qualitative research is needed to improve food insecuritymeasurements among older adults in Latin America.

Dignity, Difference, and the Representation of Nature

2020 ◽  
pp. 009059172096628
Author(s):  
Joshua Foa Dienstag
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Human Relationship ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Face ◽  
Moral Universe

In the past few decades, political theorists have attempted to articulate a nontheological basis for a special human place in the moral universe. These attempts, I argue, generally fall into two groups, one centered around the concept of “dignity” and the other around ideas of “difference.” Both of these attempts ultimately fail, I maintain, but their failures are instructive and help us along a path toward a better kind of relationship with nature and the earth as well as one another. In the face of increased scientific knowledge about the environment, animals, and our own species, we have every reason to recalibrate our stance toward nature as a whole. But in doing so we must acknowledge that the human relationship with nature is ultimately a representative one that can therefore never achieve the kind of reciprocity available in human society. Whatever form our respect for nature takes, it will always be distinct from the relationships we have with those we consider co-citizens.

Gender differences in the content of preschool children’s recollections

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 563-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pirko Tõugu ◽  
Tiia Tulviste ◽  
Kristi Suits
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Past Event ◽  
The Past ◽  
Preschool Period

Personal recollections constitute autobiographical memory that develops intensively during the preschool years. The two-wave longitudinal study focuses on gender differences in preschool children’s independent recollections. The same children ( N = 275; 140 boys, 135 girls) were asked to talk about their previous birthday and the past weekend at the ages of 4 and 6. Interactions were coded for content. Boys talked more about themselves and about different nonsocial aspects of the events. Girls talked more about the other people with whom they had jointly experienced the past event. It seems that gender differences in children’s recollections appear early and increase during the preschool period.

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