The Revised Attentional Fixation on Suicide Experiences Questionnaire (AFSEQ-R) and its Relationship with Suicidal Ideation and Behavior

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abby Adler Mandel ◽  
Olga Revzina ◽  
Zohaib Jessani ◽  
Gregory K. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Specific Problem ◽  
Study Participation ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
The Past ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Attentional fixation is a cognitive process characterized by a preoccupation with a certain topic. The Attentional Fixation on Suicide Experiences Questionnaire (AFSEQ) was developed to measure fixation on suicide. The current study aimed to investigate a revised version of this measure (AFSEQ-R) and examine differences between recent suicide attempters and those with suicidal ideation (SI) only. Method: Participants were 57 inpatients who attempted suicide within 14 days of study participation and 57 inpatients who presented with SI but no suicidal behavior within the past year. Analyses included an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of the AFSEQ-R, bivariate correlations between AFSEQ-R total score (and its factors) with related constructs, and logistic regression of attentional fixation as a moderator of the association between SI and attempt status. Results: EFA revealed a two-factor structure for the AFSEQ-R: Cognitive Stuckness (and AFSEQ-R total score) correlated with SI, anxiety, impulsivity, and specific problem-solving deficits, while Cognitive Dysfunction acted as a moderator of the association between Stuckness and SI. AFSEQ-R scores did not moderate the relationship between current SI and attempt status. Conclusion: Attentional fixation on suicide may contribute to the distress associated with SI. Interventions aimed at reducing attentional fixation may reduce suffering.

Proportion of Individuals With Past-Year Suicidal Ideation Who Attempted Suicide Over the Past 10 Years in the United States, and the Influence of Age and Sex

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Shannon Lange ◽  
Courtney Bagge ◽  
Charlotte Probst ◽  
Jürgen Rehm
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
The United States ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Age Category

Abstract. Background: In recent years, the rate of death by suicide has been increasing disproportionately among females and young adults in the United States. Presumably this trend has been mirrored by the proportion of individuals with suicidal ideation who attempted suicide. Aim: We aimed to investigate whether the proportion of individuals in the United States with suicidal ideation who attempted suicide differed by age and/or sex, and whether this proportion has increased over time. Method: Individual-level data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 2008–2017, were used to estimate the year-, age category-, and sex-specific proportion of individuals with past-year suicidal ideation who attempted suicide. We then determined whether this proportion differed by age category, sex, and across years using random-effects meta-regression. Overall, age category- and sex-specific proportions across survey years were estimated using random-effects meta-analyses. Results: Although the proportion was found to be significantly higher among females and those aged 18–25 years, it had not significantly increased over the past 10 years. Limitations: Data were self-reported and restricted to past-year suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Conclusion: The increase in the death by suicide rate in the United States over the past 10 years was not mirrored by the proportion of individuals with past-year suicidal ideation who attempted suicide during this period.

scholarly journals Cyber-Archaeology: Notes on the simulation of the past

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Forte
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Knowledge Process ◽  
Virtual Archaeology ◽  
Simulation Process ◽  
The Past ◽  
Interpretation Process ◽  
Cyber Space ◽  
Immersive Environment ◽  
3D Information ◽  
The Relationship

<p>Thirteen years after the book “Virtual Archaeology” (Forte, 1996, 97) it is time to re-discuss the definition, the key concepts and some new trends and applications. The paper discusses the introduction of the term “cyber-archaeology” in relation with the simulation process deriving from the inter-connected and multivocal feedback between users/actors and virtual ecosystems. In this new context of cyber worlds, it is more appropriate to talk about simulation of the past rather than reconstruction of the past. The multivocality of the simulation opens new perspectives in the interpretation process, not imposing the final reconstruction, but suggesting, evocating, simulating multiple output, not “the past” but a potential past.</p><p>New epistemological models of cyber archaeology have to be investigated: what happens in a immersive environment of virtual archaeology where every user is "embodied” in the cyber space? The ontology of archaeological information, or the cybernetics of archaeology, refers to all the interconnective relationships which the datum produces, the code of transmission, and its transmittability. Because it depends on interrelationships, by its very nature information cannot be neutral with respect to how it is processed and perceived. It follows that the process of knowledge and communication have to be unified and represented by a single vector. 3D information is regarded as the core of the knowledge process, because it creates feedback, then cybernetic difference, among the interactor, the scientist and the ecosystem. It is argued that Virtual Reality (both offline and online) represents a possible ecosystem, which is able to host top-down and bottom-up processes of knowledge and communication. In these terms, the past is generated and coded by “a simulation process”. Thus, from the first phases of data acquisition in the field, the technical methodologies and technologies that we use, influence in a decisive way all the subsequent phases of interpretation and communication. In the light of these considerations, what is the relationship between information and representation? How much information does a digital model contain? What sorts of and how many ontologies ought to be chosen to permit an acceptable transmittability? Indeed, our Archaeological communication ought to be understood as a process of validation of the entire cognitive process of understanding and not as a simple addendum to research, or as a dispensable compendium of data.</p>

Permutation Tests in the Educational and Behavioral Sciences

Methodology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Huo ◽  
Mieke Heyvaert ◽  
Wim Van den Noortgate ◽  
Patrick Onghena
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Permutation Tests ◽  
Group Comparison ◽  
Behavioral Sciences ◽  
Intelligent Algorithms ◽  
The Past ◽  
Brain And Behavior ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Developments

Over the past two decades, permutation tests (PTs) have received much attention in the educational and behavioral sciences. The aim of this article is to review the theoretical developments of PTs, the active areas in the educational and behavioral research using PTs, and the types of analysis under which PTs have been applied. We obtained 224 published articles, which included 141 theoretical articles and 83 application articles. After scrutinizing each article, we are happy to see that (1) some researchers began to advocate introducing PTs into basic statistics training; (2) computing load for PTs may be reduced dramatically by some intelligent algorithms; (3) PTs began to be applied in new areas such as studies on the relationship between brain and behavior and the relationship between gene and behavior; (4) besides simple types of analysis such as independent two-group comparison, PTs can also be carried out under more complex situations such as multivariate analysis. However, we should also notice that PTs are still mostly used for simple analyses (e.g., randomness analysis).

scholarly journals The Qualities of a Good Manager … What Does It Means? Lessons Learned from the Undergraduate Business Students’ Perception in Kingdom of Morocco

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Younes Kohail ◽  
Youssef Saida ◽  
Jawad Obad ◽  
Aziz Soulhi
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Business Students ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Undergraduate Business Students ◽  
Good Manager

<p>Qualities required to provide managers of what make them effective in their actions and behavior within the organizational structure generate, perpetually, the interest of researchers and professionals. Notwithstanding the prevailing conceptions, with reference to the subject of our research, make no consensus between the different stakeholders involved, among others, the college business students. This article is seeking clarification of the business students’ perception about the qualities required to be a good manager. Methodologically, our research was based on a quantitative questionnaire distributed to 500 college business students in Kingdom of Morocco to highlight their appreciation of the qualities needed to be a good manager. Factor analysis was used to analyze the data. Categorization, in the light of the business students’ perception, was made to aggregate, in blocks, the qualities required to be acknowledged as a good manager. As results, five factors underlying the business students’ perception were found. However these factors, when confronted to the literature, explicit certain divergences that could be explained by the students cognitive process problems.</p>

Attempted Suicide Among Adolescents in Military Families: The Mediating Role of Adverse Childhood Experiences

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626051990097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Clements-Nolle ◽  
Taylor Lensch ◽  
Yueran Yang ◽  
Heather Martin ◽  
Julia Peek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Involvement ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Military Families ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Military Family ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
The Past ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
The Relationship

Research has shown that adolescents in military families have higher rates of suicidal behaviors compared to their nonmilitary peers. This is typically attributed to military-specific stressors, but exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may also play a role. Our primary research objective was to determine whether cumulative exposure to ACEs mediates the relationship between military family involvement and attempted suicide. A two-stage cluster random sampling design was used to randomly sample 5,336 students from 98 high schools. Students were asked whether a parent or other adult in their home was serving on active duty in the military and attempted suicide in the past 12 months was assessed. Six measures of childhood abuse and household dysfunction were summed, and the ACE score was categorized as 0, 1, 2, and 3–6 ACEs. Weighted logistic regression and multinomial regression were used to assess differences in ACEs and attempted suicide, controlling for sex, age, race/ethnicity, rurality, and qualification for free/reduced lunch. To investigate potential mediation effects of ACEs on the relationship between military family and attempted suicide, we conducted path analyses controlling for demographics. Compared to their peers, students in military families had higher exposure to ACEs (1 ACE: adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.88, 2.53], 2 ACEs: AOR = 2.07, 95% CI = [1.23, 3.48], and 3–6 ACEs: AOR = 2.57, 95% CI = [1.54, 4.27]) and twice the odds of attempting suicide in the past 12 months (AOR = 2.16, 95% CI = [1.30, 3.61]). Mediation analyses showed that cumulative exposure to ACEs completely mediated the relationship between military family involvement and attempted suicide. The study results highlight the need for trauma-informed approaches to mental health promotion with military families.

History of Physical Teen Dating Violence and Its Association With Suicidal Behaviors Among Adolescent High School Students: Results From the 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Survey

2019 ◽  
pp. 088626051986008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Baiden ◽  
Cecilia Mengo ◽  
Eusebius Small
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Teen Dating Violence ◽  
Youth Risk Behavior Survey ◽  
Suicidal Behaviors ◽  
Adolescent Students ◽  
The Past ◽  
Teen Dating ◽  
Suicide Plan

Although studies have investigated and found physical teen dating violence (TDV) has a significant negative impact on mental health outcomes, few studies are yet to investigate the effect of physical TDV on suicidal behaviors among adolescents. The objectives of this study are to examine the prevalence of physical TDV, suicidal ideation, suicide plan, and suicide attempt among adolescents aged 14 to 18 years and the association between physical TDV and these suicidal behaviors. Data for this study were obtained from the 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. A sample of 9,693 adolescents aged 14 to 18 years (50.4% males) was analyzed using logistic regression with suicidal ideation, suicide plan, and suicide attempt as outcome variables and physical TDV as the main explanatory variable. About 17% of the adolescent students experienced suicidal ideation, 13.7% made a suicide plan, and 7.6% attempted suicide during the past 12 months. Among those who were dating, 9.9% experienced physical TDV. In the multivariate logistic regression, adolescent students who experienced physical TDV were 1.92 times more likely to have experienced suicidal ideation, 1.67 times more likely to have made a suicide plan, and 2.42 times more likely to have attempted suicide during the past 12 months when compared with their counterparts who were dating but experienced no physical TDV. Other significant predictors of suicidal behaviors include being a sexual minority, experiencing forced sex, bullying, feeling sad or hopeless, and binge drinking. Having sufficient sleep lowered the odds of suicidal ideation and suicide plan. The topic of physical TDV and its association with suicidal behaviors among adolescents is such an important issue for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners in the United States and around the world. Prevention and intervention efforts should be culturally tailored to reflect the unique experiences with physical TDV and suicide among minority populations such as sexual minority adolescents.

Experience of suicidal thoughts: A discourse analytic study.

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Galasiński ◽  
Justyna Ziółkowska
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
Homogeneous Group ◽  
Analytic Study ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

In the paper we explore the relationship between current psychiatric thinking on suicide and service users’ accounts of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. The data comes from recordings of psychiatric interviews collected in three psychiatric hospitals in Poland. Assuming a constructionist view of discourse we argue that the literature on suicide ignores and simplifies the experience of those who think about suicide and attempt to commit it and constructs their experiences as a homogeneous group of ‘thoughts’ only with content (without form). We also offer a preliminary insight into the complexity of ‘suicide thoughts, as narrated by those reporting them. We demonstrate that they are marginalised and made relatively irrelevant in the accounts of attempted suicide. Additionally, we demonstrate that while women construct suicide attempts (whether actually attempted in the end or not) as at least potentially beyond their control, men’s narratives very show them in control of the attempt, as if choosing an available option. We conclude by exploring possibilities of further qualitative discourse analytic research which builds on the findings we present here.

The Prevalence and Correlates of Suicidality in a Sample of Adolescents in Guangdong, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-100
Author(s):  
Pei Yan ◽  
Yaxuan Ren ◽  
Minyi Li ◽  
Min-Pei Lin ◽  
Sian Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Chinese Adolescents ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
The Past ◽  
Communication Problems

Background: Suicidality is a public health concern among Chinese adolescents. This study aimed to examine the prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in a large sample of Chinese adolescents. Methods: A total of 30,644 Chinese students (56.7% male; Mage = 14.14 years) completed the questionnaires, and a multinomial logistic regression was conducted to analyze the data. Results: About 17.0% of the participants reported having suicidal ideation and 4.4% reported suicide attempts in the past year. Adolescents with more rumination, more severe depressive symptoms, more communication problems with their parents, and more feelings of burdensomeness were more likely to be suicidal ideators or suicide attempters rather than non-suicidal controls. Additionally, male adolescents, adolescents from incomplete families, adolescents whose parents have lower educational levels, and adolescents with less rumination, more severe depressive symptoms, less communication problems with their parents were more likely to be suicide attempters rather than suicidal ideators. Discussion: Suicidality is prevalent and correlates with various familial and individual factors in Chinese adolescents. Theoretical and clinical implications of the findings were discussed.

scholarly journals The Roles of MicroRNA in Lung Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuan-Li Wu ◽  
Ying-Ming Tsai ◽  
Chi-Tun Lien ◽  
Po-Lin Kuo ◽  
and Jen-Yu Hung
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Lung Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Therapeutic Development ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

Lung cancer is the most devastating malignancy in the world. Beyond genetic research, epigenomic studies—especially investigations of microRNAs—have grown rapidly in quantity and quality in the past decade. This has enriched our understanding about basic cancer biology and lit up the opportunities for potential therapeutic development. In this review, we summarize the involvement of microRNAs in lung cancer carcinogenesis and behavior, by illustrating the relationship to each cancer hallmark capability, and in addition, we briefly describe the clinical applications of microRNAs in lung cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Finally, we discuss the potential therapeutic use of microRNAs in lung cancer.

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