scholarly journals The impact of state-based language on the perceptions of mental illness

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Horne ◽  
Samantha Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Semantic Cues ◽  
Null Effect ◽  
The People ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Syntactic Differences ◽  
The Impact

The American Psychiatric Association recommends that practitioners use state-based language when discussing mental illness. The aim of this initiative is to avoid treating the symptoms of an illness as a defining characteristic of the people who experience these symptoms. Consistent with these recommendations, prior research has revealed that trait rather than state-based language can increase essentialist thinking and, in turn, may increase the stigmatization of mental illness. Surprisingly, however, prior work has not directly examined how these syntactic differences affect people’s inferences when the mental illness under consideration are widely-discussed or directly experienced (e.g., depression, post-traumatic stress). In three experiments, we examined the effects of state-based language on people’s inferences about familiar mental illnesses. In Experiment 1, we observed no effect of state-based language on inferences about the stability of symptoms of familiar mental illnesses. We then identified the likely source of this null effect: In two experiments, we found that people falsely remembered a protagonist as having a mental illness even when they were only describe as experiencing symptoms of this illness – people automatically label someone as having a mental illness on the basis of both proximal (Experiment 2) and more remote semantic cues (Experiment 3).

scholarly journals Memory for syntactic differences in mental illness descriptions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily N. Line ◽  
Samantha Roberts ◽  
Zachary Horne
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
American Psychiatric Association ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Semantic Cues ◽  
The People ◽  
Syntactic Differences

The American Psychiatric Association recommends that practitioners should discuss mental illnesses using person-first, or comparatively state-based language, rather than trait-based language. The aim of this initiative is both to avoid treating the symptoms of an illness as a defining characteristic of the people who experience these symptoms and to reduce the stigmatization of mental illness. However, some of the implications of these initiatives have not been tested. Here, we investigate one of these implications - people's memory for changes in syntactic constructions in descriptions of mental illness. In two experiments, we found that people fail to remember subtle syntactic changes which shift descriptions from trait to state-based constructions. Instead, participants falsely remembered a protagonist as having a mental illness even when they were only described as experiencing symptoms of this illness. We found this was the case with both proximal (Experiment 1) and more remote semantic cues (Experiment 2).

Which biopsychosocial view of mental illness?

2020 ◽  
pp. 82-96
Author(s):  
Walter Sinnott-Armstrong ◽  
Jesse S. Summers
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Almost All

Biopsychosocial theories of mental illness claim that biological, psychological, and social factors are all central to every mental illness. This general approach cannot be assessed or employed properly without specifying the precise relation between mental illnesses and these three levels of understanding. This chapter distinguishes disjunctive, causal, explanatory, therapeutic (or treatment), and constitutive (or definitional) versions of biopsychosocial theories. However, all of these claims are uncontroversial and not distinctive of the biopsychosocial approach, except the constitutive claim. That constitutive claim is inaccurate, because almost all mental illnesses are and should be defined by their psychological symptoms instead of their biological or social causes. These lessons are applied to case studies of post-traumatic stress disorder, disinhibited social engagement disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder, and scrupulosity.

scholarly journals FREQUENCY OF POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER AND DEPRESSION IN PEOPLE OF KHYBER PUKHTOONKHWA DUE TO TERRORISM

1969 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-378
Author(s):  
KHURSHAID AHMAD ◽  
HAMID HUSSAIN ◽  
HAYAT MUHAMMAD KHAN ◽  
ZIA-U-REHMAN ◽  
NAEEMULLAH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The People ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVES: our study was to study the impact of terrorism on the people of Khyber Pukhtunkhwa handto assess the post traumatic effects of terrorism, in particular the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder anddepression in the people of Khyber Pukhtoonkhwa.METHODS: A descriptive, cross sectional study design was conducted in KPK from May 2011 toSeptember 2011.In this study subjects were people of KPK including IDPs, shopkeepers, students. Selfadministered questionnaires were filled by a sample of 450 respondents.RESULTS: The results showed that out of 51.2% people affected, 23.6% people had Post Traumatic StressDisorder and 6.9% were suffering from depression. 20.7% people were suffering from both Anxiety andDepression. 48.2% people were unaffected. SPSS and MS-Excel were used for the analysis of data.CONCLUSION: The study concludes that a majority of people in KPK were suffering from PostTraumatic Stress Disorder and depression due to constant threat of terrorism. These people have beenaffected in one or more ways. Some have lost their business and shelter and some have been personallyexposed to terrorism. These people who are positive for anxiety and depression need to be targeted forcounseling. Moreextensive research is needed in this area.KEYWORDS: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Depression and Terrorism

scholarly journals Design And Construction Of An Expert System For Early Detection of Mental Illness in COVID-19 Patients And Handling Using Certainty Factor Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-226
Author(s):  
Mohammad Iqbal ◽  
Nurfitria Khoirunnisa
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Expert System ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
The People ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
New Type ◽  
Almost All

Covid-19 is a new type of virus that can be transmitted to humans. This virus spreads very quickly and has spread to almost all countries. In the midst of Covid-19 outbreak, social phenomenon emerged that has the potential to exacerbate the situation, it is negative social stigma against a person or group of people who experience symptoms or have COVID-19 disease. They are labeled, stereotyped, discriminated against, and treated differently because they are associated with Covid-19 disease. This pandemic puts pressure on the emergence of mental illnesses such as fatigue, stress, fear, sadness, loneliness, schizophrenia, anxiety, depression, or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its probability of dying from Covid 19 is almost 3 times higher than those who do not have mental illness. Therefore, an expert system is needed to detect mental disorders in Covid-19 patients early as prevention. This system works as psychologist experts detect Covid-19 patients through the people closest to the patient. By observing the conditions and symptoms arose in the patient's psychological condition, the user will fill the data in the system to find out the level of disturbance experienced by the patient in real time. Then, the system will provide solutions, diagnosis results and appropriate treatment methods for patients so that symptoms of mental disorders can be detected and prevented early on without direct contact between patients and experts

scholarly journals Literature and Medicine: Clinical Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Contemporary Iranian Fictions

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoumeh Mahmoudi ◽  
Mehdi Pourasghar ◽  
Kamaledin Alaedini
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Literature And Medicine ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Persian Literature ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
The People ◽  
Post Traumatic

Background: Some studies indicated that the study of stories in which physical or mental illnesses are described helps to better understand the patient and his/her sickness; but unfortunately, this approach is neglected in the Persian literature. Paying attention to this issue can increase the attractiveness of studying such literary works for the Iranian and non-Iranian audience and can grant new sights to readers, as well. Objectives: This research is conducted to describe and explain the symptoms of the PTSD in the characters of modern Persian fiction, based on the clinical symptoms. Methods: This is qualitative research. Seven characters from the seven stories were selected purposefully to fit the researcher’s goals. Then, they were analyzed according to the DSM-5 criteria. Results: The results indicated that the selected stories represent individuals with PTSD consistent with the clinical criteria for the diagnostic of the disorder. In these stories, the authors, in addition to describing clinical symptoms, have considered inheritance, gender, and cultural factors to create characters in accordance with the specifications of the people who have been damaged in the real world. Conclusions: Reading these stories can be useful due to applying descriptions based on clinical criteria for the diagnosis of this disorder (PTSD), and thanks to the use of literary language in representing the victim’s inner and spiritual status, are useful in creating an engagement resulting from a proper understanding of the person who is suffering from such disorder.

scholarly journals Exploring the impact of COVID-19 and restrictions to daily living as a result of social distancing within veterans with pre-existing mental health difficulties

2020 ◽  
pp. bmjmilitary-2020-001622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Murphy ◽  
C Williamson ◽  
J Baumann ◽  
W Busuttil ◽  
N T Fear
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mental Health Difficulties ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionData are emerging showing the adverse consequences on mental health of the general public due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Little is known about the needs of veterans with pre-existing mental health difficulties during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsData were collected through a cross-sectional online survey from a randomly selected sample (n=1092) of military veterans who have sought help for mental health difficulties from a veteran-specific UK-based charity. The response rate was 25.2% (n=275). Participants were asked to complete a range of standardised mental health outcomes (post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist, common mental health difficulties (CMDs): 12-Item General Health Questionnaire, difficulties with anger: 5-Item Dimensions of Anger Reactions—Revised and alcohol misuse: Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) and endorse a list of potential stressors related to changes to daily life resulting from COVID-19. Regression analyses were fitted to explore predictors of mental health severity.ResultsIt was observed that symptoms of common mental disorder and PTSD (69.3% and 65.0%, respectively) were the most commonly reported to have been exacerbated by the pandemic. Lack of social support and reporting increasing numbers of stressors related to COVID-19 were consistently associated with increasing severity of a range of mental health difficulties.ConclusionsOur findings suggest veterans who had pre-existing mental health difficulties prior to the outbreak of COVID-19 may be at increased risk of experiencing CMDs as a result of the pandemic. Intervening to improve levels of social support and offering practical guidance to better manage any additional stressors relating to the pandemic may provide strategies to help reduce the burden of mental health symptoms.

scholarly journals The impact of spousal violence on the children: A pastoral care approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luvuyo G. Sifo ◽  
Maake J. Masango
Keyword(s):  
Pastoral Care ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Spousal Violence ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Care Approach ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Impact

This article investigates the impact of spousal violence on children. Spousal violence in the home affects children negatively and its impact goes beyond their childhood years into adulthood. Some children become dysfunctional in life as a result of their exposure to violence between their parents. These children may exhibit symptoms associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) later on in life. A case study of a family exposed to violence was undertaken. Findings from this case scenario were measured against existing literature. A pastoral care method of responding to the victims is proposed in order for them to be healed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document