Perceptions of Alcohol Use in Tanzanian Society

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joao Ricardo Nickenig Vissoci
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Alcohol Treatment ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Community Advisory Board ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Culture Consumption ◽  
Internal Homogeneity

Background: Alcohol is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, with 4-6% of deaths annually the result of harmful alcohol use. Alcohol’s effect on health outcomes involves societal and individual factors including culture, consumption patterns, familial factors, etc. Rates of alcohol abuse in Moshi are ~2.5x higher than the Tanzanian average. We sought to qualitatively assess the perceptions of alcohol use in Moshi, Tanzania including availability, consumption patterns, abuse, and treatment in order to identify potential targets for policy or behavioral intervention.Methods: Focus groups were conducted using a convenience sample of injury patients, their families, and community advisory board(CAB) members. Discussions, led by trained, bilingual research nurses, were audiotaped, transcribed, and translated for formal qualitative analysis. Transcriptions were then analyzed in parallel using an inductive thematic content analysis approach. Resultant themes were then reanalyzed to ensure internal homogeneity and external heterogeneity. Results: 14 focus group discussions, with a total of 104 participants (40 patients, 50 family members, 14 CAB members) were conducted. Major themes resulting from the analysis including 1) Early/repeated exposure leading to view of alcohol as “just another drink”, 2) Moderate use as a social norm with positive attributes, 3) Complications of overconsumption and abuse (including drunk driving) are widely stigmatized, and 4) Limited knowledge and availability regarding alcohol treatment or cessation and treatment.Conclusions: The burden of alcohol-related health outcomes seen at KCMC is the result of a complex interaction of social, individual, and cultural factors. Drinking culture and context result in ubiquitous exposure from an early age and normalization of alcohol-related behaviors. Despite this, there is strong stigma towards complications stemming from alcohol abuse. Overall, resources for alcohol treatment and cessation although broadly desired, are presently lacking.

Rethinking the Alcohol Problem: A Natural Processes Model

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold A. Mulford
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Alcohol Problem ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Rehabilitation Process ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Traditional Notion ◽  
Way Of Thinking ◽  
Single Set

A multivariate natural processes model for thinking about alcohol use and abuse is offered as an alternative to the traditional static-entity, single-cause way of thinking that historically generated a series of formal institutional attacks on different supposed causes of alcohol abuse, but which failed to solve the alcohol problem. The work seeks a model that better fits what is known about the alcohol problem, and one that leads to more effective informal constraints on alcohol abuse. Alcoholics are viewed as being at some stage of an alcoholic process, a rehabilitation process, a labeling process, a clinicalization process and a dissocialization process. This way of thinking challenges the traditional notion that alcoholics are all-of-a-kind entities and that there is a single cause, or even a single set of causes, that account for the drinking of all alcoholics, or that explains the drinking of the same person at different times. Rather, it directs us to consider the dynamics of the changing combinations of interacting social, psychological and physiological forces influencing a person's drinking behavior as he progresses in the several processes.

scholarly journals Alcohol Use and Sexual Violence among Nursing Students in Catalonia, Spain: A Multicentre Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 6036
Author(s):  
Concepció Fuentes-Pumarola ◽  
Zaira Reyes-Amargant ◽  
Alba Berenguer-Simon ◽  
David Ballester-Ferrando ◽  
Maria Dolors Burjalés-Martí ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Sexual Activities ◽  
Estimate Prevalence

(1) Background: Sexual violence (SV) has become common in universities for reasons related to unwanted social/peer pressures regarding alcohol/drug use and sexual activities. Objectives: To identify perceptions of SV and alcohol use and estimate prevalence among nursing students in Catalonia, Spain. (2) Methods: Observational descriptive cross-sectional study of a convenience sample of nursing students attending public universities. (3) Results: We recruited 686 students (86.11% women), who reported as follows: 68.7% had consumed alcohol, 65.6% had been drunk at least once in the previous year, 62.65% had experienced blackouts and 25.55% had felt pressured to consume alcohol. Drunkenness and blackouts were related (p < 0.000). Of the 15.6% of respondents who had experienced SV, 47.7% experienced SV while under the influence of alcohol and were insufficiently alert to stop what was happening, while 3.06% reported rape. SV was more likely to be experienced by women (OR: 2.770; CI 95%: 1.229–6.242; p = 0.014), individuals reporting a drunk episode in the previous year (OR: 2.839; 95% CI: 1.551–5.197; p = 0.001) and individuals pressured to consume alcohol (OR: 2.091; 95% CI: 1.332–3.281; p = 0.001). (4) Conclusions: Nursing instructors need to raise student awareness of both the effects of alcohol use and SV, so as to equip these future health professionals with the knowledge and skills necessary to deal with SV among young people.

scholarly journals Relapse of drunk driving and association with traffic accidents, alcohol-related problems and biomarkers of impulsivity

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tõnis Tokko ◽  
Diva Eensoo ◽  
Mariliis Vaht ◽  
Klaus-Peter Lesch ◽  
Andreas Reif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Allele Carrier ◽  
Platelet Mao ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Traffic Violations ◽  
Mao Activity ◽  
Drunk Drivers ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems

AbstractObjectiveIndividual biological predispositions should play a role in risky driving behaviour. Platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity, dopamine transporter gene (DAT1) and neuropeptide S receptor 1 (NPSR1) gene polymorphisms have been identified as markers of impulsivity, alcohol use and excessive risk-taking. We aimed to find out how this knowledge on neurobiology of impulsivity applies to drunk driving and traffic behaviour in general.MethodsWe have longitudinally examined the behaviour of drunk drivers (n = 203) and controls (n = 211) in traffic, in association with their alcohol-related problems, personality measures and the three biomarkers. We analysed differences between the subjects based on whether they had committed driving while impaired by alcohol (DWI) violation in a 10-year time period after recruitment or not and investigated further, what kind of predictive value do the different biomarkers have in committing DWI and other traffic violations and accidents.ResultsThe original drunk drivers group had lower platelet MAO activity but further DWI was not significantly associated with this measure. Being a NPSR1 T-allele carrier contributed to the risk of repeatedly committing DWI. DAT1 9R carriers in contrast were involved in more traffic accidents by their own fault (active accidents), compared to 10R homozygotes in the whole sample. All groups with DWI also had significantly more alcohol-related problems and higher scores in maladaptive impulsivity compared to controls without DWI.ConclusionsEstablished biological markers of alcohol use and impulsivity can be reliably associated with everyday traffic behaviour and help in contributing to the understanding of the need for more personalized prevention activities.

scholarly journals Assessing the Influence of Living and Working Conditions on Alcohol Consumption in Migrant Farmworkers in Mexico

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
Luis A. Valdez ◽  
Melanie L. Bell ◽  
David O. Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Ordinal Logistic Regression ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Migrant Farmworkers ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Working And Living Conditions ◽  
The U.S

Background and Purpose: Inadequate working and living conditions are associated with alcohol consumption in farmworkers in the U.S. However, the influence of these factors on alcohol consumption patterns in migrant farmworkers in Mexico remains unclear. The purpose of this analysis was to assess the influence of housing and working conditions on alcohol use in migrant farmworkers in Mexico. Methods: We used logistic and ordinal logistic regression to examine the association of living and working conditions on alcohol consumption and frequency in 3,132 farmworkers in Mexico with data from a Mexican national farmworker’s survey. Results: Living in inadequately built homes (OR=0.84; 95% CI=0.72, 0.98; p

scholarly journals Mobile Health Interventions for Self-Control of Unhealthy Alcohol Use: Systematic Review (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Song ◽  
Siyu Qian ◽  
Ping Yu
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Mobile Health ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Statistical Testing ◽  
Unhealthy Alcohol Use ◽  
Unhealthy Alcohol ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Components

BACKGROUND Unhealthy alcohol use (UAU) is one of the major causes of preventable morbidity, mortality, and associated behavioral risks worldwide. Although mobile health (mHealth) interventions can provide consumers with an effective means for self-control of UAU in a timely, ubiquitous, and cost-effective manner, to date, there is a lack of understanding about different health outcomes brought by such interventions. The core components of these interventions are also unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to systematically review and synthesize the research evidence about the efficacy of mHealth interventions on various health outcomes for consumer self-control of UAU and to identify the core components to achieve these outcomes. METHODS We systematically searched 7 electronic interdisciplinary databases: Scopus, PubMed, PubMed Central, CINAHL Plus with full text, MEDLINE with full text, PsycINFO, and PsycARTICLES. Search terms and Medical Subject Headings “mHealth,” “text message,” “SMS,” “App,” “IVR,” “self-control,” “self-regulation,” “alcohol*,” and “intervention” were used individually or in combination to identify peer-reviewed publications in English from 2008 to 2017. We screened titles and abstracts and assessed full-text papers as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were extracted from the included papers according to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials-EHEALTH checklist (V 1.6.1) by 2 authors independently. Data quality was assessed by the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Data synthesis and analyses were conducted following the procedures for qualitative content analysis. Statistical testing was also conducted to test differences among groups of studies. RESULTS In total, 19 studies were included in the review. Of these 19 studies, 12 (63%) mHealth interventions brought significant positive outcomes in improving participants’ health as measured by behavioral (n=11), physiological (n=1), and cognitive indicators (n=1). No significant health outcome was reported in 6 studies (6/19, 32%). Surprisingly, a significant negative outcome was reported for the male participants in the intervention arm in 1 study (1/19, 5%), but no change was found for the female participants. In total, 5 core components reported in the mHealth interventions for consumer self-control of UAU were context, theoretical base, delivery mode, content, and implementation procedure. However, sound evidence is yet to be generated about the role of each component for mHealth success. The health outcomes were similar regardless of types of UAU, deployment setting, with or without nonmobile cointervention, and with or without theory. CONCLUSIONS Most studies reported mHealth interventions for self-control of UAU appeared to be improving behavior, especially the ones delivered by short message service and interactive voice response systems. Further studies are needed to gather sound evidence about the effects of mHealth interventions on improving physiological and cognitive outcomes as well as the optimal design of these interventions, their implementation, and effects in supporting self-control of UAU.

scholarly journals Alcohol Use and Mental Health Status Among University Students in Greece

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Christos Tsiongas ◽  
Christos Zilidis ◽  
Evangelos C. Fradelos ◽  
Konstantinos Tsaras ◽  
Dimitrios Papagiannis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
University Students ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Status

Alcohol abuse is a common incident in college student’s communities. The purpose of this research study was to evaluate the rates of alcohol use among university students in Greece and to search if there is a relation between alcohol use disorders and mental health status (depression, anxiety, stress).

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