Independent features form integrated objects: Using a novel shape-color “conjunction task” to reconstruct memory resolution for multiple object features simultaneously

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aedan Yue Li ◽  
Keisuke Fukuda ◽  
Morgan Barense
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Object Representation ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Work Memory ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Feature Integration ◽  
Multiple Object ◽  
Individual Features ◽  
Independent Features ◽  
Object Features

Though much progress has been made to understand feature integration, debate remains regarding how objects are represented in mind based on their constituent features. Here, we advance this debate by introducing a novel shape-color “conjunction task” to reconstruct memory resolution for multiple object features simultaneously. In a first experiment, we replicated and extended a classic change detection paradigm using our task. Replicating previous work, memory resolution for individual features was reduced when the number of objects increased, regardless of the number of to-be-remembered features. Extending previous work, we found that high resolution memory near perfect in resemblance to the target was selectively impacted by the number of to-be-remembered features. Applying a statistical model of stochastic dependence, we found evidence primarily for integration of low-resolution feature memories, but less evidence for integration of high-resolution feature memories. These results suggest a resolution trade-off, such that memory resolution for individual features can be higher when those features are represented independently compared to when those features are integrated. In a second experiment which manipulated the nature of distracting information, we examined whether object features were directly bound to each other or by virtue of shared spatial location. Feature integration was disrupted by distractors sharing visual features of target objects but not disrupted when distractors shared spatial location – suggesting that feature integration was driven by direct binding between shape and color features. Our results constrain theoretical models of object representation, providing empirical support for hierarchical representations of both integrated and independent features.

Multiple-Object Tracking

2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Botterill ◽  
R. Allen ◽  
P. McGeorge
Keyword(s):  
Object Tracking ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Multiple Object Tracking ◽  
Tracking Performance ◽  
Multiple Object

The Multiple-Object Tracking paradigm has most commonly been utilized to investigate how subsets of targets can be tracked from among a set of identical objects. Recently, this research has been extended to examine the function of featural information when tracking is of objects that can be individuated. We report on a study whose findings suggest that, while participants can only hold featural information for roughly two targets this task does not affect tracking performance detrimentally and points to a discontinuity between the cognitive processes that subserve spatial location and featural information.

scholarly journals A Label Geometry Image Filter for Multiple Object Measurement

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Padfield ◽  
James Miller
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Features ◽  
Image Filter ◽  
Mathematical Background ◽  
Multiple Object ◽  
Object Features ◽  
Geometry Image

The itkLabelGeometryImageFilter is a new ITK filter that enables the measurement of geometric features of labeled objects. It calculates features similar to the “regionprops” command of Matlab. It is related to the itkLabelStatisticsImageFilter in that both filters measure features of labeled masks. It differs, however, in that it measures geometric features of the objects themselves rather than statistics of image intensities under the masks defined by the objects. This document describes the mathematical background of the geometric features measured by this filter and describes the framework of the code, which is structured to enable easy expandability as new object features are desired.

scholarly journals Radar-based characterisation of heavy precipitation in the eastern Mediterranean and its representation in a convection-permitting model

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 1227-1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moshe Armon ◽  
Francesco Marra ◽  
Yehouda Enzel ◽  
Dorita Rostkier-Edelstein ◽  
Efrat Morin
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Wrf Model ◽  
Heavy Precipitation ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
Weather Research And Forecasting ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
Rain Gauges ◽  
Rainfall Patterns

Abstract. Heavy precipitation events (HPEs) can lead to natural hazards (e.g. floods and debris flows) and contribute to water resources. Spatiotemporal rainfall patterns govern the hydrological, geomorphological, and societal effects of HPEs. Thus, a correct characterisation and prediction of rainfall patterns is crucial for coping with these events. Information from rain gauges is generally limited due to the sparseness of the networks, especially in the presence of sharp climatic gradients. Forecasting HPEs depends on the ability of weather models to generate credible rainfall patterns. This paper characterises rainfall patterns during HPEs based on high-resolution weather radar data and evaluates the performance of a high-resolution, convection-permitting Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in simulating these patterns. We identified 41 HPEs in the eastern Mediterranean from a 24-year radar record using local thresholds based on quantiles for different durations, classified these events into two synoptic systems, and ran model simulations for them. For most durations, HPEs near the coastline were characterised by the highest rain intensities; however, for short durations, the highest rain intensities were found for the inland desert. During the rainy season, the rain field's centre of mass progresses from the sea inland. Rainfall during HPEs is highly localised in both space (less than a 10 km decorrelation distance) and time (less than 5 min). WRF model simulations were accurate in generating the structure and location of the rain fields in 39 out of 41 HPEs. However, they showed a positive bias relative to the radar estimates and exhibited errors in the spatial location of the heaviest precipitation. Our results indicate that convection-permitting model outputs can provide reliable climatological analyses of heavy precipitation patterns; conversely, flood forecasting requires the use of ensemble simulations to overcome the spatial location errors.

Multiple Object Individuation and Exact Enumeration

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 697-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Mazza ◽  
Silvia Pagano ◽  
Alfonso Caramazza
Keyword(s):  
Object Representation ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Representation Type ◽  
Exact Enumeration ◽  
Exact Computation ◽  
Object Individuation ◽  
Multiple Object ◽  
Target Side ◽  
Enumeration Task

Exact computation of numerosity requires the selective individuation of the elements to be enumerated so that each element is counted once and only once. Such a mechanism should operate not only when the elements to be enumerated are presented in isolation but also when they are presented in cluttered scenes. To uncover the electrophysiological correlates of the level of object representation necessary for exact enumeration, we examined ERP measures during the execution of a target enumeration task. A variable number (1–4) of lateralized targets were presented with or without distracters on the target side. An early nonlateralized response (N1, 120–180 msec) was modulated by target numerosity only when presented without distracters. By contrast, the amplitudes of a lateralized and later response (N2pc, 180–300 msec) increased as a function of target numerosity both with and without distracters, reaching a plateau at three targets. We propose that the stage of processing reflected in the N2pc corresponds to the component of individuation that binds specific indexes to properties and locations and that this provides the representation type necessary for exact enumeration.

Object Activation from Features in the Semantic System

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Kraut ◽  
Sarah Kremen ◽  
Jessica B. Segal ◽  
Vincent Calhoun ◽  
Lauren R. Moo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Object Representation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Semantic System ◽  
Co Activation ◽  
Signal Changes ◽  
Cortical Regions ◽  
Object Features

The human brain is thought to elicit an object representation via co-activation of neural regions that encode various object features. The cortical regions and mechanisms involved in this process have never been elucidated for the semantic system. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to evaluate regions activated during a task designed to elicit object activation within the semantic system (e.g., presenting the words “desert” and “humps” with the task to determine if they combine to form an object, in this case a “camel”). There were signal changes in the thalamus for word pairs that activated an object, but not for pairs that (a) failed to activate an object, (b) were simply semantically associated, or (c) were members of the same category. These results suggest that the thalamus has a critical role in coordinating the cortical activity required for activating an object concept in the semantic system.

The Role of a High-Resolution Spatial Sensor in an Educational Setting

1984 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 260-262
Author(s):  
Leslie Kay ◽  
Nora Kay ◽  
Garry Hornby
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Spatial Orientation ◽  
Spatial Perception ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Educational Setting ◽  
Blind Children ◽  
Extensive Program ◽  
Mean Time

A pilot study suggested that a new high-resolution acoustic sensory aid may be useful as a training aid for developing spatial perception in blind children. Tasks in spatial location, spatial orientation, and spatial transfer were executed by blind school children using the spatial sensor in a classroom program. Five children completed all eight spatial orientation tasks in a mean time of 86 minutes. The final task involved correctly counting up to eight rods, all at a distance of one meter spaced angularly eight degrees. A more extensive program is being planned.

High-resolution Raman imaging reveals spatial location of heme oxidation sites in single red blood cells of dried smears

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna M. Marzec ◽  
Anna Rygula ◽  
Bayden R. Wood ◽  
Stefan Chlopicki ◽  
Malgorzata Baranska
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Raman Imaging

scholarly journals SURVEILLANCE VIDEO INDEXING AND RETRIEVAL USING OBJECT FEATURES AND SEMANTIC EVENTS

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (07) ◽  
pp. 1439-1476 ◽  
Author(s):  
THI-LAN LE ◽  
MONIQUE THONNAT ◽  
ALAIN BOUCHER ◽  
FRANÇOIS BRÉMOND
Keyword(s):  
Data Model ◽  
Object Representation ◽  
Query Language ◽  
Video Indexing ◽  
Surveillance Video ◽  
Indexing And Retrieval ◽  
Video Indexing And Retrieval ◽  
Abstraction Levels ◽  
Object Features ◽  
Object Level

In this paper, we propose an approach for surveillance video indexing and retrieval. The objective of this approach is to answer five main challenges we have met in this domain: (1) the lack of means for finding data from the indexed databases, (2) the lack of approaches working at different abstraction levels, (3) imprecise indexing, (4) incomplete indexing, (5) the lack of user-centered search. We propose a new data model containing two main types of extracted video contents: physical objects and events. Based on this data model, we present a new rich and flexible query language. This language works at different abstraction levels, provides both exact and approximate matching and takes into account users' interest. In order to work with the imprecise indexing, two new methods respectively for object representation and object matching are proposed. Videos from two projects which have been partially indexed are used to validate the proposed approach. We have analyzed both query language usage and retrieval results. The obtained retrieval results analyzed by the average normalized ranks are promising. The retrieval results at the object level are compared with another state of the art approach.

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