scholarly journals The ordinary business of macroeconometric modeling: working on the Fed-MIT-Penn model (1964-1974)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Cherrier ◽  
Roger Backhouse
Keyword(s):  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Big Science ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Macroeconometric Modeling

The FMP model exemplifies the Keynesian models later criticized by Lucas, Sargent and others as conceptually flawed. For economists in the 1960s such models were “big science”, posing organizational as well as theoretical and empirical problems. It was part of an even larger industry in which the messiness for which such models were later criticized was endorsed as providing enabling modelers to be guided by data and as offering the flexibility needed to undertake policy analysis and to analyze the consequences of events. Practices that critics considered fatal weaknesses, such as intercept adjustments or fudging, were what clients were what clients paid for as the macroeconometric modeling industry went private.

Policy analysis in the civil service

2021 ◽  
pp. 107-122
Author(s):  
Richard Boyle ◽  
Joanna O’Riordan
Keyword(s):  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Liberal Arts ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Analytical Skills ◽  
Conceptual Skills ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Analysis Concept

Chapter Eight examines the development of policy analysis in the civil service. Policy analysis is central to the role of the civil service at the intersection of politics and administration. In the Whitehall tradition, inherited by Ireland, civil servants were expected to be generalists with unpartisan perspectives. Recruits to the civil service came from the liberal arts rather than professional or technical backgrounds. But, the 1960s and 1970s saw the gradual emergence of the policy analysis concept. Policy analysis requires knowledge of the relevant discipline under scrutiny, some skills in quantitative analysis, combined with the more traditional policy capabilities. Throughout the chapter it is clear that a stronger evidence base is emerging to better inform policy making. A balance between generalists with broad conceptual skills and specialists with quantitative analytical skills continues to influence developments with regard to policy analysis in the civil service.

Changing Ideas about the Environment in Australia: Learning from Stockholm

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Libby Robin ◽  
Max Day
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Big Science ◽  
Integrated Science ◽  
Public Science ◽  
International Collaborations ◽  
Technology Revolution ◽  
Parks Management ◽  
The 1960S

This paper explores Australia's responses to questions about ‘the environment', particularly in the period from the 1960s–80s, showing how they were informed in varying amounts by international science, by the emerging aesthetics of the idea of the environment and by social movements, including one later known as environmentalism. The rise of ‘integrated science', particularly Big Science and international collaborations in science, modelling and the information technology revolution all shaped the interdisciplinary expertise that frames the environment still. It is, however, very rare to find an individual like Max Day, whose biography enables a re-examination of the way thinking about the environment shaped strategic national thinking, public science and popular concerns including national parks management across the second half of the twentieth century.

The emergence of modern policy analysis in France

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrice Hamelin
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Policy Studies ◽  
Fifth Republic ◽  
Political Sciences ◽  
Process Studies ◽  
The 1960S

This chapter focuses on policy process studies as they emerged and developed in France from the 1950s to the early 1980s. To better understand how the establishment of policy process studies within academic research has taken shape, it seems necessary to trace the institutionalization trajectory. This trajectory developed within the academic world but also largely outside it, alongside it and in interaction with it. The influence acquired by the executive and its technocracy since the establishment of the Fifth Republic in 1958 provide also essential data for an understanding of how knowledge and the methods that focus on understanding and controlling public policy in France have developed. The first phase arose from planning and national accountability as vectors of the rationalization of public policy. It was further developed in the 1960s thanks to the transfer of debates and tools developed overseas. The second phase was characterized by the crisis of the Welfare State and the transfer of policy studies knowledge obtained by North American universities. During this second phase, the development and institutionalization of public policy analysis in academic research began to establish policy studies as an autonomous “branch” of French political sciences.

Think tanks and policy analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Rich
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Think Tanks ◽  
Think Tank ◽  
The 1960S

Since the 1960s, think tanks have proliferated in the United States, especially ideological think tanks, with conservative think tanks coming to substantially outnumber liberal organization. In this environment, the quality of analysis from think tanks is often in question and consumers of their work seem to be more often attracted to analysis that supports preexisting point of view rather than the most rigorously produced research. For sure, think tanks matter; they are among the most important sources of analysis in American policymaking. But in order to be influential, think tank analysts must target their audiences clearly and be relentless in marketing their work.

The evolution of the policy analysis profession in the United States

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beryl A. Radin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
General Public ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Analyst ◽  
The Past ◽  
The 1960S

Despite the growth of the field in the United States over the past several decades, this is not a profession that the general public understands. Indeed, as time has gone by since the profession developed, there sometimes appears to be less agreement about the activity than there was in its earliest days. For the answer to the question ‘What is a policy analyst?’ is different today than it was in the 1960s, when the profession first defined itself. One can depict the realities of the policy analysis profession as occurring during three periods: 1960 to 1989, 1990 to 2003; and 2003 to the present. Using three points of time to frame this contrast does provide a way to emphasize the shifts that have occurred in the profession.

The Genesis and Internal Dynamics of El Salvador's People's Revolutionary Army, 1970–1976

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 102-129
Author(s):  
ALBERTO MARTÍN ÁLVAREZ ◽  
EUDALD CORTINA ORERO
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Internal Coherence ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractUsing interviews with former militants and previously unpublished documents, this article traces the genesis and internal dynamics of the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (People's Revolutionary Army, ERP) in El Salvador during the early years of its existence (1970–6). This period was marked by the inability of the ERP to maintain internal coherence or any consensus on revolutionary strategy, which led to a series of splits and internal fights over control of the organisation. The evidence marshalled in this case study sheds new light on the origins of the armed Salvadorean Left and thus contributes to a wider understanding of the processes of formation and internal dynamics of armed left-wing groups that emerged from the 1960s onwards in Latin America.

Improving x-ray map resolution with image restoration techniques

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 598-599
Author(s):  
Richard B. Mott ◽  
John J. Friel ◽  
Charles G. Waldman
Keyword(s):  
Image Restoration ◽  
Hubble Space Telescope ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Small Object ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mapping Parameters ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Map Resolution

X-rays are emitted from a relatively large volume in bulk samples, limiting the smallest features which are visible in X-ray maps. Beam spreading also hampers attempts to make geometric measurements of features based on their boundaries in X-ray maps. This has prompted recent interest in using low voltages, and consequently mapping L or M lines, in order to minimize the blurring of the maps.An alternative strategy draws on the extensive work in image restoration (deblurring) developed in space science and astronomy since the 1960s. A recent example is the restoration of images from the Hubble Space Telescope prior to its new optics. Extensive literature exists on the theory of image restoration. The simplest case and its correspondence with X-ray mapping parameters is shown in Figures 1 and 2.Using pixels much smaller than the X-ray volume, a small object of differing composition from the matrix generates a broad, low response. This shape corresponds to the point spread function (PSF). The observed X-ray map can be modeled as an “ideal” map, with an X-ray volume of zero, convolved with the PSF. Figure 2a shows the 1-dimensional case of a line profile across a thin layer. Figure 2b shows an idealized noise-free profile which is then convolved with the PSF to give the blurred profile of Figure 2c.

Policy Analysis: Rent-to-Own May Be Only Option for Medicare Speech-Generating Devices

ASHA Leader ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Kander
Keyword(s):  
Policy Analysis

A new Medicare proposal that would change speech-generating devices from purchase-only equipment to rent-to-own equipment could be better for the patients who use them.

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