scholarly journals Prescribing Institutions Without Ideal Theory

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Wiens
Keyword(s):  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Ideal Theory ◽  
Conventional Wisdom ◽  
Institutional Failure ◽  
Causal Processes ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Principles Of Justice ◽  
Basic Intuition ◽  
The Ideal

It is conventional wisdom among political philosophers that ideal principles of justice must guide our attempts to design institutions to avert actual injustice. Call this the ideal guidance approach. I argue that this view is misguided— ideal principles of justice are not appropriate "guiding principles" that actual institutions must aim to realize, even if only approximately. Fortunately, the conventional wisdom is also avoidable. In this paper, I develop an alternative approach to institutional design, which I call institutional failure analysis. The basic intuition of this approach is that our moral assessment of institutional proposals is most effective when we proceed from a detailed understanding of the causal processes generating problematic social outcomes. Failure analysis takes the institutional primary design task to be obviating or averting institutional failures. Consequently, failure analysis enables theorists to prescribe more effective solutions to actual injustice because its focuses on understanding the injustice, rather than specifying an ideal of justice.

A Hesitant Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set Approach to Study Ideals of Semirings

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Debabrata Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Set Theory ◽  
Fuzzy Set ◽  
Cartesian Product ◽  
Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set ◽  
Ideal Theory ◽  
Hesitant Fuzzy Set ◽  
Neutrosophic Set ◽  
Intuitionistic Fuzzy ◽  
Interval Valued ◽  
The Ideal

The classical set theory was extended by the theory of fuzzy set and its several generalizations, for example, intuitionistic fuzzy set, interval valued fuzzy set, cubic set, hesitant fuzzy set, soft set, neutrosophic set, etc. In this paper, the author has combined the concepts of intuitionistic fuzzy set and hesitant fuzzy set to study the ideal theory of semirings. After the introduction and the priliminary of the paper, in Section 3, the author has defined hesitant intuitionistic fuzzy ideals and studied several properities of it using the basic operations intersection, homomorphism and cartesian product. In Section 4, the author has also defined hesitant intuitionistic fuzzy bi-ideals and hesitant intuitionistic fuzzy quasi-ideals of a semiring and used these to find some characterizations of regular semiring. In that section, the author also has discussed some inter-relations between hesitant intuitionistic fuzzy ideals, hesitant intuitionistic fuzzy bi-ideals and hesitant intuitionistic fuzzy quasi-ideals, and obtained some of their related properties.

The Foundations of the Ideal Theory of Zolotarev

1930 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Tchebotarev
Keyword(s):  
Ideal Theory ◽  
The Ideal

Introduction

John Rawls ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 53-60
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Real World ◽  
John Rawls ◽  
Political Practice ◽  
The World ◽  
Ideal Standards ◽  
Principles Of Justice ◽  
The Ideal

What is the relation between political theory and political practice? In what ways can political philosophy help people to address real injustices in the world? John Rawls argues that an important role of political philosophy is to identify the ideal standards of justice at which we should aim in political practice. Other philosophers challenge this approach, arguing that Rawls’s idealizations are not useful as a guide for action or, worse, that they are an impediment to addressing actual injustices in the world. They argue, instead, that political philosophy ought to be focused on theorizing about the elimination of existing injustice. Still others argue that principles of justice should be identified without any constraint concerning the possibility of implementation or regulation in the real world at all....

scholarly journals REPUBLICANISM AND GLOBAL INSTITUTIONS: THREE DESIDERATA IN TENSION

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Ronzoni
Keyword(s):  
Global Justice ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Institutional Control ◽  
Liberal Egalitarianism ◽  
Global Institutions ◽  
Clear Vision ◽  
Asymmetrical Power ◽  
Institutional Order ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract:Recently, republicans have been increasingly arguing that the ideal of nondomination can ground both a more plausible account of global justice and better insights for global institutional design than liberal egalitarianism does. What kind of global institutions, however, does nondomination require? The essay argues that a global institutional blueprint based on the republican ideal of nondomination is a multifaceted endeavor. Republican institutions should aim to fulfill three different desiderata: 1) avoiding excessive concentration of power; 2) bringing informal asymmetrical power under institutional control; 3) furthering an active, vigilant citizenry. The three desiderata often pull in different directions. At the global level in particular, they do not converge on a verdict over whether we should switch to a cosmopolitan institutional order, stick to a world of states, or opt for something altogether different. As a result, there is no straightforward pathway leading from the vindication of nondomination as the central principle of global justice to a clear vision for a global institutional order. The issue is, instead, a matter of careful balancing.

scholarly journals Bivariate Lagrange interpolation at the Padua points: the ideal theory approach

2007 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Len Bos ◽  
Stefano De Marchi ◽  
Marco Vianello ◽  
Yuan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Lagrange Interpolation ◽  
Ideal Theory ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Padua Points ◽  
The Ideal

Bridging Ideal and Non-Ideal Theory

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 887-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandru Volacu
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Ideal Theory ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
Normative Models ◽  
The Ideal

Many of the recent methodological debates within political theory have focused on the ideal/non-ideal theory distinction. While ideal theorists recognise the need to develop an account of the transition between the two levels of theorising, no general proposal has been advanced thus far. In this article, I aim to bridge this conceptual gap. Towards this end, I first reconstruct the ideal/non-ideal theory distinction within a simplified two-dimensional framework, which captures the primary meanings usually attributed to it. Subsequently, I use this framework to provide an algorithm for the bidirectional transition between ideal and non-ideal theory, based on the incremental derivation of normative models. The approach outlined illuminates the various ways in which principles derived under highly idealised assumptions might be distorted by the circumstances of our current world and illustrates the various paths which we can pursue in moving from our current state of the world to an ideal one.

Ideal, Nonideal, and Empirical Theories of Social Justice

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Zack
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Ideal Theory ◽  
Direct Approach ◽  
Nonideal Theory ◽  
Theory Of Justice ◽  
Principles Of Justice

Ideals of justice may do little toward the correction of injustice in real life. The influence of John Rawls’s A Theory of Justice has led some philosophers of race to focus on “nonideal theory” as a way to bring conditions in unjust societies closer to conditions of justice described by ideal theory. However, a more direct approach to injustice may be needed to address unfair public policy and existing conditions for minorities in racist societies. Applicative justice describes the applications of principles of justice that are now “good enough” for whites to nonwhites (based on prior comparisons of how whites and nonwhites are treated).

scholarly journals Hybrid Structures Applied to Ideals in BCI-Algebras

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
G. Muhiuddin ◽  
D. Al-Kadi ◽  
A. Mahboob
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Structure ◽  
Ideal Theory ◽  
Hybrid Structures ◽  
The Ideal

In this paper, the notion of hybrid structure is applied to the ideal theory in BCI-algebras. In fact, we introduce the notions of hybrid p -ideal, hybrid h-ideal, and hybrid a-ideal in BCI-algebras and investigate their related properties. Furthermore, we show that every hybrid p -ideal (or h-ideal or a-ideal) is a hybrid ideal in a BCI-algebra but converse need not be true in general and in support, and we exhibit counter examples for each case. Moreover, we consider characterizations of hybrid p -ideal, hybrid h-ideal, and hybrid a-ideal in BCI-algebras.

Methodological Challenges in Retrospective Evaluation of Mental Health Court Effectiveness

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-105
Author(s):  
Kort C. Prince ◽  
Jeremiah W. Jaggers ◽  
Allyn Walker ◽  
Jess Shade ◽  
Erin B. Worwood
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mental Health Courts ◽  
Retrospective Evaluation ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Problem Solving Courts ◽  
Ideal Approach ◽  
The Ideal

Mental Health Courts (MHCs) are problem-solving courts that have been implemented throughout the United States. One critical component of MHCs is determining their effectiveness and limitations. However, unique challenges are encountered when evaluating MHCs. One major challenge, and the focus of this paper, is identifying an adequate control group. The ideal approach to determining efficacy is using a controlled group design whereby participants are randomized to treatment or control conditions. However, this approach is not possible when conducting retrospective evaluation of court data. In addition, a specific set of ethical and logistical issues arise. Propensity score matching (PSM) provides an alternative approach for comparing groups when randomization is not possible. PSM works by first identifying the characteristics that make a person likely to be in treatment. We describe our attempts to use PSM in a MHC evaluation. Specific challenges with PSM are discussed and recommendations are made for use of PSM with MHCs.

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