scholarly journals A state of affairs of European criminology: An exploration of topics and trends through topic modelling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Vander Beken ◽  
Christophe Vandeviver ◽  
Stijn Daenekindt
Keyword(s):  
European Society ◽  
Professional Association ◽  
Topic Modelling ◽  
Institutional Affiliation ◽  
Or Practice ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Over Time

What is European criminology about? Through topic modelling, we investigate the content of 11,724 presentations held at the annual conferences of the European Society of Criminology, the largest and most influential professional association in Europe for those who are actively engaged in research, teaching, and/or practice in criminology, from 2001 to 2019. We extract 50 topics, and identify top contributing institutions and countries based on first author institutional affiliation. In addition, we determine the most and least influential topics in European criminology. We further explore how the prominence of topics has evolved over time and identify five topics that are increasingly being addressed and three topics that have gradually lost interest, hot and cold topics respectively. The results are discussed in light of previous research on European criminology and current debates on its epistemology.

scholarly journals Two decades of European criminology: Exploring the conferences of the European Society of Criminology through topic modelling

2021 ◽  
pp. 147737082110073
Author(s):  
Tom Vander Beken ◽  
Christophe Vandeviver ◽  
Stijn Daenekindt
Keyword(s):  
European Society ◽  
Professional Association ◽  
Topic Modelling ◽  
Institutional Affiliation ◽  
Or Practice ◽  
Over Time

What is European criminology about? Through topic modelling, we investigate the content of 11,724 presentations held at the annual conferences of the European Society of Criminology, the largest and most influential professional association in Europe for those who are actively engaged in research, teaching, and/or practice in criminology, from 2001 to 2019. We extract 50 topics and identify the top contributing institutions and countries based on first author institutional affiliation. In addition, we determine the most and least influential topics in European criminology. We further explore how the prominence of topics has evolved over time and identify five topics that are increasingly being addressed and three topics that have gradually declined in interest – hot and cold topics, respectively. The results are discussed in light of previous research on European criminology and current debates on its epistemology.

scholarly journals Joint Action without Mutual Beliefs

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Figà Talamanca
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Joint Action ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Cooperative Hunting ◽  
Mutual Awareness ◽  
Shared Practice ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Joint action among human beings is characterized by using elaborate cognitive feats, such as representing the mental states of others about a certain state of affairs. It is still debated how these capacities evolved in the hominid lineage. I suggest that the consolidation of a shared practice over time can foster the predictability of other’s behavior. This might facilitate the evolutionary passage from inferring what others might know by simply seeing them and what they are viewing towards a mutual awareness of each other’s beliefs. I will examine the case for cooperative hunting in one chimpanzee community and argue that it is evidence that they have the potential to achieve common ground, suggesting that the consolidation of a practice might have supported the evolution of higher social cognition in the hominid lineage.

The Special Case of Anesthesia

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Robert L. Wears ◽  
Kathleen M. Sutcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Medical Specialty ◽  
Clinical Safety ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Over Time

Anesthesia became the only medical specialty to undertake systematic and dramatic improvements in safety over time. Evidence suggests that this process began through the fortuitous engagement of engineers in anesthesia work, supported by respected leaders in the field. The goal was not simply to solve a problem. The aims were too deeply understand the nature of the technology, the work, and the complex interactions that take place in work as carried out. Oddly, healthcare more generally failed to emulate these efforts. This state of affairs may be attributed to the substantive influence of non-clinical safety scientists in anesthesia, and also to differences in widely accepted methodological and investigative research approaches.

scholarly journals Mining ethnicity: Discourse-driven topic modelling of immigrant discourses in the USA, 1898–1920

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 921-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorella Viola ◽  
Jaap Verheul
Keyword(s):  
Topic Modelling ◽  
Immigrant Community ◽  
Distant Reading ◽  
Reading Technique ◽  
Ethnic Newspapers ◽  
Textual Data ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Discourse Historical Approach ◽  
Method Approach ◽  
Over Time

Abstract This article aims to offer a methodological contribution to digital humanities by exploring the value of a mixed-method approach to uncover and understand historical patterns in large quantities of textual data. It refines the distant reading technique of topic modelling (TM) by using the discourse-historical approach (DHA——Wodak, 2001) in order to analyse the mechanisms underlying discursive practices in historical newspapers. Specifically, we investigate public discourses produced by Italian minorities and test the methodology on a corpus of digitized Italian ethnic newspapers published in the USA between 1898 and 1920 (ChroniclItaly—Viola, 2018). This combined methodology, which we suggest to label ‘discourse-driven topic modelling’ (DDTM), enabled us to triangulate linguistic, social, and historical data and to examine how the changing experience of migration, identity construction, and assimilation was reflected over time in the accounts of the minorities themselves. The results proved DDTM to be effective in obtaining a categorization of the topics discussed in the immigrant press. The changing distribution of topics over time revealed how the Italian immigrant community negotiated their sense of connectedness with both the host country and the homeland. At the same time, without jeopardizing the analytical depth of the findings, the method proved its value of minimizing the risk of biases when identifying the topics which stemmed from the results rather than from preconceived assumptions.

scholarly journals Physiological monitoring in the complex multimorbid heart failure patient - Conclusions

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_M) ◽  
pp. M68-M71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Böhm ◽  
Andrew J S Coats ◽  
Ingrid Kindermann ◽  
Ilaria Spoletini ◽  
Giuseppe Rosano
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Heart Failure Patient ◽  
European Society ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Supplement Issue ◽  
Physiological Monitoring ◽  
Heart Failure Patients ◽  
Key Points ◽  
European Society Of Cardiology ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Comorbidities are increasingly recognized as crucial components of the heart failure syndrome. Main specific challenges are polypharmacy, poor adherence to treatments, psychological aspects, and the need of monitoring after discharge. The chronic multimorbid patient therefore represents a specific heart failure phenotype that needs an appropriate and continuous management over time. This supplement issue covers the key points of a series of meeting coordinated by the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), that have discussed the issues surrounding the effective monitoring of our ever more complex and multimorbid heart failure patients. Here, we present an overview of the complex issues from a healthcare delivery perspective.

scholarly journals A Text Mining Based Map of Engineering Design: Topics and their Trajectories Over Time

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 2765-2774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Chiarello ◽  
Nicola Melluso ◽  
Andrea Bonaccorsi ◽  
Gualtiero Fantoni
Keyword(s):  
Text Mining ◽  
Engineering Design ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Topic Modelling ◽  
Specific Topic ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
New Research ◽  
Large Corpus ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThe Engineering Design field is growing fast and so is growing the number of sub-fields that are bringing value to researchers that are working in this context. From psychology to neurosciences, from mathematics to machine learning, everyday scholars and practitioners produce new knowledge of potential interest for designers.This leads to complications in the researchers’ aims who want to quickly and easily find literature on a specific topic among a large number of scientific publications or want to effectively position a new research.In the present paper, we address this problem by using state of the art text mining techniques on a large corpus of Engineering Design related documents. In particular, a topic modelling technique is applied to all the papers published in the ICED proceedings from 2003 to 2017 (3,129 documents) in order to find the main subtopics of Engineering Design. Finally, we analyzed the trends of these topics over time, to give a bird-eye view of how the Engineering Design field is evolving.The results offer a clear and bottom-up picture of what Engineering design is and how the interest of researchers in different topics has changed over time.

Delving Deeper: A New Path to the Quadratic Formula

2008 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 473-478
Author(s):  
Henri Picciotto
Keyword(s):  
Ninth Grade ◽  
Student Understanding ◽  
Symbol Manipulation ◽  
Quadratic Formula ◽  
First Response ◽  
The Subject ◽  
To Come ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Over Time

Many students enter ninth grade already familiar with the quadratic formula. Many others learn it in ninth grade. Some can even sing it! Unfortunately, the formula has little meaning for most students. For many, the traditional derivation of the formula by completing the square (fig. 1), if it is shown to them, is more baffling than illuminating. As a teacher, I value student understanding, and early on in my career as an algebra teacher, I found this state of affairs disturbing. My first response was to have students complete the square repeatedly, using numbers at first and then the parameters, in the hope that this process would lead to understanding. Alas, over time I realized that for many if not most of my students, additional symbol manipulation did not throw additional light on the subject. I needed to come at this lack of understanding some other way.

The Antecedents of Deinstitutionalization

1992 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Institutional Theory ◽  
Organizational Activity ◽  
Or Practice ◽  
Cultural Persistence ◽  
Over Time

Deinstitutionalization refers here to the erosion or discontinuity of an institution alized organizational activity or practice. This paper identifies a set of organiza tional and environmental factors that are hypothesized to determine the likelihood that institutionalized organizational behaviours will be vulnerable to erosion or rejection over time. Contrary to the emphasis in institutional theory on the cultural persistence and endurance of institutionalized organizational behaviours, it is suggested that, under a variety of conditions, these behaviours will be highly susceptible to dissipation, rejection or replacement.

scholarly journals The Many Ways to Talk about the Transits of Venus: Astronomical Discourses in Philosophical Transactions, 1753–1777

2020 ◽  
pp. 237-257
Author(s):  
Reetta Sippola
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Scientific Journal ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Topic Modelling ◽  
Astronomical Observations ◽  
The Many ◽  
Causal Theories ◽  
Over Time

This chapter uses topic modelling to explore the evolution of the scientific discourse in the scientific journal Philosophical Transactions in the mid-18th century. Combining cultural historical close reading and statistical topic modelling, the study demonstrates the value of combining ‘new’ and more traditional historical research methods. The study shows that there were at least nine ways of talking about astronomical observations around the two transits of Venus, in 1761 and 1768, and in this reveal several previously neglected themes and unnoticed temporal discourse changes. One notable theme when talking about experiments was the continuity regarding concern for exactness and reliability of the collected knowledge, while others indicate a significant use of algebra to explain astronomical events and that the amount of causal theories has weakened over time. The study furthermore documents a connection between politeness and strategic attention seeking using the transits of Venus. Finally, the results reveal significant astronomical conversations related to terrestrial weather, and the circumstances and equipment of experimenting and observing.

3. Measurement

2018 ◽  
pp. 33-49
Author(s):  
Philip N. Jefferson
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
The State ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Over Time

What do we mean when we say someone is living in poverty? Do we mean that their income is too low, that their consumption is too low, or that given their particular level of either, their ability to participate in society is severely restricted? Once a poverty line is set, other questions arise. Should our focus be on individuals or families? ‘Measurement’ considers different measures of well-being and explains the differences between absolute and relative concepts of poverty. For public policy purposes, we need simple statistics that summarize the state of affairs overall. Only by tracking such statistics over time can we determine whether our efforts to reduce poverty are paying dividends.

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