scholarly journals Arabic English Code Switching among Saudi Speakers

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Ibrahim Alsalami
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Code Mixing ◽  
Working People ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
Arabic And English ◽  
High Level ◽  
Better Than

Many studies have been conducted on code-switching worldwide, but few were carried out on Saudi context. Therefore, this study inquires the use of code-switching among Saudis who speak both Arabic and English to identify the reasons of code-switching and to know the significant differences regarding gender, age, qualification, and level of English. The study raises two questions. They are: 1) What are the reasons of code-switching of Saudis as native speakers of Arabic? And 2) Are there significant differences for code-switching of Saudis as native speakers of Arabic due to gender, age, qualification, and level of English? A descriptive-analytical approach has been adopted, and SPSS program is used. A questionnaire (30 items) was distributed to a sample of 426 Saudis. Findings showed that those with high-level proficiency combined Arabic and English languages more due to their awareness of English language expressions and found English vocabulary more expressive and delivered their ideas better. Moreover, working people used code-switching extensively. Furthermore, postgraduates were found to be better than others. Additionally, genders were both exposed to the same circumstances. Finally, individuals among all age groups combined both Arabic and English languages due perhaps to several reasons. Therefore, the researcher recommends that it might be better to study the significance of forming training courses to keep the interest of natives to take pride and use it in all aspects of life. Finally, the researcher suggests conducting another study on investigating code-switching among instructors in EFL classrooms and exploring code-mixing since there are few studies.

Code-Switching and Code Mixing in the Selected Tracks of the Hip Hop Music of Flavour and 9ice

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-70
Author(s):  
Balogun Sarah ◽  
Murana Muniru Oladayo
Keyword(s):  
Hip Hop ◽  
English Language ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
First Language ◽  
Music Industry ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
National Language ◽  
Code Mixing ◽  
Unique Identity

This article attempts a comparative analysis of code-switching and code-mixing in the Nigerian music industry, using the lyrics of Flavour and 9ice as a case study. Although the English language is the national language in Nigeria and the language used by most of the musicians for the composition of their songs, and due to the linguistic plurality of Nigeria, most of these musicians tend to lace their songs chunks of words and phrases from their mother tongue or at least one of the three major languages in Nigeria, which are Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba. The Markedness Model by Myers-Scotton (1993) is used as the framework to interrogate the switching and mixing in the codes used by these selected musicians and we find that while most code-switching is done in three languages – English, Nigerian Pidgin and the artist’ first language (mother tongue)  – their mother tongue plays the prominent role. Code-switching or code-mixing in these songs, therefore, becomes a depiction of the Nigerian state with its diverse languages and it provides the links between the literates and the illiterates thereby giving the artiste the popularity desired. The study concludes that the unique identity created by code-switching and code-mixing in the Nigerian music industry has a positive influence on music lovers, helping artists to achieve wide patronage and reflecting the ethnolinguistic diversity of the Nigerian nation.

Multilingualism and ethnic stereotypes: The Tariana of northwest Amazonia

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEXANDRA Y. AIKHENVALD
Keyword(s):  
Language Choice ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
National Language ◽  
Power Relationship ◽  
Language Group ◽  
Lingua Franca ◽  
Negative Image ◽  
Ethnic Stereotypes ◽  
Code Mixing ◽  
Better Than

Tariana is spoken by about 100 people in the multilingual area of the Vaupés basin in northwest Amazonia (Brazil). Other languages spoken in the area are members of the East Tucanoan subgroup, with its most numerous representative, the Tucano language, rapidly gaining ground as a lingua franca. Also spoken are Makú languages; Baniwa, an Arawak language spoken on the fringes of the area and closely related to Tariana; and Portuguese, the national language. The area is known for its language group exogamy and institutionalized multilingualism, with its language being the badge of identity for each group. Language choice is motivated by power relationship and by status, and there are strict rules for code-switching. Inserting bits of other languages while speaking Tariana (“code-mixing”) has different consequences that mirror existing ethnic stereotypes. Code-mixing with Tucano is considered a “language violation”; using elements of Baniwa is considered funny, while mixing different Tariana dialects implies that one “cannot speak Tariana properly.” Overusing Portuguese is associated with the negative image of an Indian who tries to be better than his peers.

scholarly journals Pondering a Global BIPA: Politeness and Impoliteness in Verbal Interactions

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-112
Author(s):  
Jumanto Jumanto ◽  
Emik Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Verbal Interactions ◽  
Interpersonal Context ◽  
Code Mixing ◽  
Research Article ◽  
To Come

This opinionated research article is about politeness and impoliteness in verbal interactions within Indonesian interpersonal context. Accounts on politeness, camaraderie, distant language, close language, code-switching, and code-mixing are elaborated to come to the concept of impoliteness, i.e. rude situations and awkward situations. The interpersonal context here partly elaborates the types of hearer in the aspects of power and solidarity in Brown and Gilman’s theory (1968), the hearers of which are divided into superiors and close people in this article. Elements of both the Indonesian distant and close languages are presented, and how rude situations and awkward situations happen due to incompetence or ignorance of the two variants is illustrated. Illustrations of the Indonesian two variants and code-mixing of the two are given to highlight the rude and awkward situations. All this worldview on the teaching of Indonesian to non-native-speakers, i.e. pondering a global BIPA, should be regarded as efforts to develop as well as to market the Indonesian language to the global societies.              Keywords Politeness, camaraderie, impoliteness, distant language, close language, rude situation, awkward situation, incompetence, code-switching, code-mixing, BIPA  

scholarly journals Code-Mixing and Code-Switching of Indonesian Celebrities: A Comparative Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Nana Yuliana ◽  
Amelia Rosa Luziana ◽  
Pininto Sarwendah
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Code Mixing ◽  
Language Variety ◽  
Group I ◽  
Foreign Language Skill ◽  
Group Ii

Foreign language skill presents a language variety called code-mixing and code-switching. The purpose of this study was to get some information to identify the types of code mixing and code switching frequently used by Indonesian celebrities. The study was divided into two groups. Group I was inclusive of the celebrities with native speakers parents and Group II comprised celebrities capable of speaking two or more languages. The qualitative and quantitative methods were used to analyze the code mixing and code switching with different frequency. It can be concluded that Group II use code-mixing and code-switching with a different frequency and speak foreign language more active.

scholarly journals Mixing and switching of speech codes of Ukrainian emigration (on the example of memoirs and epistolary works by Ulas Samchuk)

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-276
Author(s):  
Mariia Panhelova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
English Language ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Linguistic Competence ◽  
Language Play ◽  
Linguistic Performance ◽  
Speech Codes ◽  
Code Mixing ◽  
Cultural Specificity ◽  
Single Text

The problem of switching and mixing codes is extremely relevant in foreign and domestic linguistic science over the past decades. In this case, if code-switching is understood by all researchers more or less equally (switching from one language to another within a single text – dialog or monologue), then by mixing the code (code-mixing), the case looks much more complicated. The term «mixing of codes» is understood by different researchers in fundamentally different ways: from the introduction into one language of the elements of another language in almost unlimited quantities and in the unadapted (phonetically and grammatically) form before switching codes within the same sentence, that is, the kind of switching codes (the second approach thus postulates the process of speaking in two languages and removes the fundamental difference between switching codes and mixing codes). The study of the mixing of speech codes is an interesting and promising branch of research on the theory of language contacts. Among the fundamental works on this subject should be the study of P. Muysken (Muysken, 2000), where he provides a detailed typology of situations of mixing language codes. In linguistic research, there is a widespread practice of using «mixing codes» and «switching codes» as interchangeable, as well as a series of studies where the term «mixing codes» is used to describe and switch codes and massive borrowings. While the term «switching codes» emphasizes the transition of bilingual from one grammatical system to another, the term «mixing codes» implies the presence of hybrid forms associated with both grammars. In other words, mixing codes emphasizes the formal aspects of linguistic structures or linguistic competence, while code switching emphasizes linguistic performance. The psycho-linguistic direction concerning the study of the switching of speech codes among the bilingual environment explains which aspects of the linguistic competence of bilinguals allow them to modify the codes. Often, the choice of a foreign language involves a waiver of the synonymous form in the language of the successor of the language, thus opposed to an alternative way of expressing communicative intentions in a foreign language. The purpose of our scientific studio is to present function the mixing and switching codes on the materials of the memoirs («Planet DP») and the epistolary works of Ukrainian writers-emigrants in Canada, in particular, by Ulas O. Samchuk with his colleagues, publishers, etc. The main methods of research used were: the method of comparative analysis, which allows to detect English-language infusions as units of English, which determine the national-cultural specificity of the English language; the method of component analysis, which allowed to reveal the semantic interrelations of British realities; descriptive method and method of content analysis. In the course of the study, we came to the conclusion that the addressee and addressees, real masters of the artistic word, almost do not allow the English language to be spoken in Ukrainian, or such spraying is deliberately used and is a means of language play.

scholarly journals PEMILIHAN KODE PADA MAHASISWA RIAU DI YOGYAKARTA: KAJIAN SOSIOLINGUISTIK

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Juni Mahsusi ◽  
Djatmika Djatmika ◽  
Sri Marmanto
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Code Mixing ◽  
Language Mixing ◽  
Arabic And English

This study aims to identify kinds of codes and to uncover the factors that affect the code selection in the interactions among Riau students staying in in Yogyakarta. Sociolinguistic approach is used in this study.  Informants of this study are students from Riau staying in Yogyakarta. This study employed purposive sampling techniques and data were collected using observation, records and interview. The data were analyzed using the communication ethnography techniques adapted from Dell Hymes. The results showed that the first code in the interactions were: Indonesian language, mixing language, Malay language and foreign language, i.e. Arabic and English. The mixing language occurred in terms of code mixing and code switching. The dominant codes are those of Indonesian language and Malay language. Settings, participants, and topics are primary factors why a code is intended to choose.  

scholarly journals Code Switching and Code Mixing in English Language Learning Class

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-317
Author(s):  
Theresya Adhelya Pharamita ◽  
Mei Hardiah ◽  
Indah Damayanti
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
English Language ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
English Teachers ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
English Language Learning ◽  
English Class ◽  
Code Mixing

This research concerned with the types of code switching and code mixing used by the teachers, teachers’ reasons in using code switching and code mixing, and students’ perception of code switching and code mixing used by the teacher in the class. This research was a descriptive qualitative research. The researcher used observation checklist, video recording, interview, and questionnaire as the instruments of this research. The data of this research was analyzed by classifying the types of code switching used theory of Poplack and the types code mixing used theory of Hoffman. The result of this research shows that the English teachers did all the types of code switching in English class. Namely; tag code switching, inter-sentential code switching, and intra-sentential code switching. Meanwhile, the researcher found that the teachers only used two from the three types of code mixing. Namely; intra-sentential code mixing and intra-lexical code mixing. The type that did not appear was involvement in a change of pronunciation. This study revealed that the teachers’ reason in using code switching and code mixing are; to help the students in learning English and to make the students more focus in learning process. For the students’ perception, most of the students agreed that the use of code switching and code mixing helps them understand the materials in English language learning class.  

scholarly journals Code-switching w wypowiedziach użytkowników innosłowiańskich gwar przesiedleńczych w Rosji

2018 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 369-380
Author(s):  
Sergiej Skorwid
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Northern Caucasus ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
Code Mixing ◽  
Different Types

Code-switching in utterances of speakers of alien Slavic immigrant dialects in RussiaThe paper deals with the phenomenon of the so called code-switching which accompanies the existence of Czech and Polish immigrant dialects spoken in Russia that are located in the Northern Caucasus and in Siberia, as well as originally West Ukrainian patois of East Siberian Holenders. The author compares different types of code-switching and code-mixing seen in their native speakers’ utterances with the situation observed among Russian Old Believers in Poland by Michał Głuszkow­ski 2012 and, in contrast to him, widens the scope of the latter term. It is shown that in all prob­ability in the case of the examined immigrant dialects in Russia in their present state due to regular code-mixing there have been developed fused lects as defined by Peter Auer 1999.Переключение кодов в речи носителей инославянских переселенческих говоров в РоссииВ статье рассматривается явление так называемого переключения кодов, какое сопрово­ждает бытование чешских и польских переселенческих говоров в России, локализующихся на Северном Кавказе и в Сибири, а также западноукраинского по происхождению говора вос­точносибирских голендров. Различные типы переключения и смешения кодов в высказыва­ниях их носителей сравниваются с ситуацией, которую наблюдал у русских старообрядцев в Польше Михал Глушковски 2012. В отличие от Глушковского автор статьи расширяет рам­ки понятия «смешение кодов» и приходит к выводу, что из исследуемых говоров на данный момент, по всей вероятности, развились смешанные идиомы fused lects, как их определяет Петер Ауэр 1999.

scholarly journals Code Switching and Code Mixing in English Language Studies’ Speech Community: A Sociolinguistics Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Ni Nyoman Wartinah ◽  
Chrisda N Wattimury
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
English Language ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
School Students ◽  
Code Mixing ◽  
Language Studies ◽  
The Subject ◽  
State Of Affairs

Enormously complex and not well understood are some state of affairs for a bilingual to ‘change’ theuse of language from one to another when having conversation with other bilinguals in dailyconversation. This linguistics behavior of changing the language, or widely known as ‘languageswitching’ and ‘language mixing’, leads the researchers to find out the trigger behind this phenomenon.After done a research on Malaysian pre-school students, Karen Kow (2003) proposed some reasons ofdoing code switching and code mixing namely lack of one word in either language, to avoidmisunderstanding, to make a point, etc. However, students of graduated students of English LanguageStudies of Sanata Dharma University can be categorized as bilingual or multilingual since they employtwo even many languages in the daily conversation in their speech community. Therefore, by taking 12students of A class as the subject of the research through random sampling method, the discussion ofthis research will focus on investigating the reasons of both code switching and code mixing.

scholarly journals TEACHER CANDIDATES’ BELIEFS ABOUT CROSSLINGUISTIC PEDAGOGY, CODE-SWITCHING, AND CODE-MIXING: A SNAPSHOT FROM UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG

2021 ◽  
pp. 106-118
Author(s):  
Yevheniia Hasai ◽  
Peter Siemund
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Candidates ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Educational Settings ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Code Mixing ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
High Level

The last decades have seen the active embracement of classroom multilingualism in educational settings. The relevance of this study is justified by the increasing cultural and linguistic diversity in Western societies, the high demand for teachers who understand the value of multilingualism, have deep knowledge of multilingual language practices, are able and willing to provide an appropriate learning environment for language learners. The main objective of the study is to investigate the pre-service language teachers’ beliefs about crosslinguistic pedagogy, code-switching, and codemixing as the leading examples of this pedagogy in educational settings. An online questionnaire was shared among teacher candidates (n=20) enrolled in teacher education programs at the University of Hamburg. The respondents were asked to answer the questions concerning their background and to mark on a Likert scale whether they agreed with the statements provided to them or would find the implementation of certain methodology useful. The findings suggest positive attitudes towards multilingualism and a high level of awareness regarding the importance of previously acquired languages for subsequent language teaching and learning. However, some discrepancies between knowledge, beliefs, and practice are indicated. The results allow us to conclude that target-language-only use in language classes is still a highly desirable goal for pre-service language teachers. Some possible implications for curriculum development arising from the study are discussed.

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