The Stratification Index for Comparing Between-Group Differences in Mortality: Evidence from Finnish Income Groups
The study of the mortality differences between groups has traditionally focused on metrics such as life expectancy and standardized mortality rates, which give insights into how group characteristics are linked with average levels of mortality. Additional insights can be gained by examining differences in lifespan distributions between groups. Here, we propose a new summary measure of mortality inequality by comparing group-specific lifespan distributions. Our proposed index, mortality stratification, measures the degree of overlap in the lifespan distributions. It helps to capture important between-group differences that conventional life-expectancy comparisons miss. In order to test its utility, we apply the stratification index to Finnish income quintile groups over the period from 1996 to 2017. We find that both stratification and life-expectancy differences between income groups increased substantially from 1996 to 2008; subsequently, the life-expectancy difference declined, whereas stratification stagnated for men and increased for women. By comparing results between different summary measures, we conclude that the stratification index can behave in different ways empirically and thus uncover a unique domain of inequalities in mortality.