scholarly journals Persistence of solid fuel use despite increases in LPG ownership: New survey evidence from rural north India

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aashish Gupta ◽  
Sangita Vyas ◽  
Payal Hathi ◽  
Nazar Khalid ◽  
Nikhil Srivastav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
North India ◽  
Solid Fuels ◽  
Fuel Use ◽  
Cooking Fuels ◽  
Almost All

Solid fuel use is an important contributor to air pollution and disease burden in India. We present survey evidence documenting LPG ownership and cooking fuel use in rural north India. LPG ownership has increased rapidly, substantially driven by the Ujjwala Yojana. Three-quarters of rural households in Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh now have LPG. Almost all of these households also have a stove that uses solid fuels, and among those owning both, almost three-quarters used solid fuels the day before the survey. Household economic status, relative costs of cooking fuels, gender inequality, and beliefs regarding the ease, food taste, and health impacts of cooking with solid fuels versus LPG are important contributors to high solid fuel use despite LPG ownership. Households that continue to use solid fuels continue to expose themselves and their neighbours to harmful air pollution. To realize the full health benefits of Ujjwala’s expansion in LPG ownership, attention must now be turned towards discouraging the use of solid fuels and promoting exclusive use of LPG. This is an urgent priority for research, policy, and action.

scholarly journals Chemical Investigation of Household Solid Fuel Use and Outdoor Air Pollution Contributions to Personal PM2.5 Exposures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Lai ◽  
Martha Lee ◽  
Ellison Carter ◽  
Queenie Chan ◽  
Paul Elliott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Chemical Investigation ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Fuel Use ◽  
Outdoor Air Pollution

Effect of Indoor Air Pollution on Acute Respiratory Infection among Children in India

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumar Ashwani ◽  
Paul Kalosona
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Solid Fuels ◽  
Cooking Fuels ◽  
Clinical Measures

Indoor Air Pollution (IAP) has become a major concern in India in recent years because women and young children are highly exposed to smoke of various types of unclean fuels used for cooking and heating in the household result into risk of respiratory disorders among them. The paper aims to seek association between prevalence of acute respiratory infection (ARI) among children less than five years of age and use of cooking fuels in households of India. The analysis is based on 52,868 Children less than five years of age included in India's third National Family Health Survey conducted in 2005-2006. Effects of exposure to cooking smoke, determined by the type of fuel used for cooking such as biomass and solid fuels versus cleaner fuels, on the reported prevalence of ARI were estimated using multivariate logistic regression. Since the effects of cooking smoke are likely to be confounded with effects of tobacco smoking, age, and other such factors, the analysis was carried out after statistically controlling for such factors. The results indicate that Children under five years of age living in households using biomass and solid fuels have a significantly higher risk of ARI than those living in households using cleaner fuels (OR: 1.54; 95%CI: 1.38-1.72; p = .010). The findings have important program and policy implications for countries such as India, where large proportions of the population still rely on polluting biomass fuels for cooking and heating. Decreasing household biomass and solid fuel use and increasing use of improved stove technology may decrease the health effects of indoor air pollution. More epidemiological research with better measures of smoke exposure and clinical measures of ARI is needed to validate the findings.

Indoor air pollution from solid fuel use, chronic lung diseases and lung cancer in Harbin, Northeast China

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 473-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlotta Galeone ◽  
Claudio Pelucchi ◽  
Carlo La Vecchia ◽  
Eva Negri ◽  
Cristina Bosetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Fuel Use ◽  
Chronic Lung Diseases

scholarly journals Indoor Air Pollution Exposure of Women in Adama, Ethiopia, and Assessment of Disease Burden Attributable to Risk Factor

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9859
Author(s):  
Festina Balidemaj ◽  
Christina Isaxon ◽  
Asmamaw Abera ◽  
Ebba Malmqvist
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Household Air Pollution ◽  
Attributable Mortality ◽  
Fuel Use ◽  
Air Pollution Exposure ◽  
Pollution Exposure

Introduction and aim: Air pollution, a major environmental threat to human health, contributes to the premature deaths of millions of people worldwide. Cooking with solid fuels, such as charcoal and wood, in low- and middle-income countries generates very high emissions of particulate matter within and near the household as a result of their inefficient combustion. Women are especially exposed, as they often perform the cooking. The purpose of this study was to assess the burden of disease attributable to household air pollution exposure from cooking among women in Adama, Ethiopia. Methods: AirQ+ software (WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark) was used to assess the health impact of household air pollution by estimating the burden of disease (BoD) including Acute Lower Respiratory Infections (ALRI), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD), lung cancer, and stroke, among a cohort of women in Adama. Household air pollution exposure estimated by cooking fuel type was assessed through questionnaires. Results: Three-quarters (75%) of Adama’s population used solid fuel for cooking; with this, the household air pollution attributable mortality was estimated to be 50% (95% CI: 38–58%) due to ALRI, 50% (95% CI: 35–61%) due to COPD, 50% (95% CI: 27–58%) due to lung cancer, (95% CI: 23–48%) due to IHD, and (95% CI: 23–51%) due to stroke. The corresponding disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) per 100,000 women ranged between 6000 and 9000 per disease. Conclusions: This health impact assessment illustrates that household air pollution due to solid fuel use among women in Adama leads to premature death and a substantial quantity of DALYs. Therefore, decreasing or eliminating solid fuel use for cooking purposes could prevent deaths and improve quality of life.

scholarly journals Choking on Structural Adjustment: Dependency and Exposure to Indoor Air Pollution in Developing Countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Kelly F. Austin ◽  
Kellyn McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Fuel Use ◽  
Health Crisis

<p><em>Indoor air pollution represents a global health crisis, leading to 4.3 million deaths annually. Despite widespread variation in solid fuel burning across developing nations, little is known about the large scale socio-economic causes. We draw on theories of political-economy to consider the role of economic, social, and environmental predictors on solid fuel use, with a special focus on structural adjustment, debt service, and agricultural production. Utilizing a sample of 75 developing nations, we find that these economic dependencies increase solid fuel use. Thus, current neoliberal development strategies enhance vulnerabilities to indoor air pollution for millions of people in impoverished nations.</em><em></em></p>

INDOOR AIR POLLUTION FROM SOLID FUEL USE AND LOW BIRTH WEIGHT (LBW) IN PAKISTAN

Epidemiology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. S86 ◽  
Author(s):  
A R. Siddiqui ◽  
J Peerson ◽  
K H. Brown ◽  
E B. Gold ◽  
K Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Fuel Use

WHAT HUSBANDS IN NORTHERN INDIA KNOW ABOUT REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH: CORRELATES OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT PREGNANCY AND MATERNAL AND SEXUAL HEALTH

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHELAH S. BLOOM ◽  
AMY ONG TSUI ◽  
MARYA PLOTKIN ◽  
SARAH BASSETT
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Health ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Sexual Experience ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
North India ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Men’S Knowledge

Women in India suffer from a high incidence of reproductive disease, disability and death. Very little work has been done on men, but a much higher incidence of sexual experience outside marriage and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among males than previously expected for this population is now being documented. In north India, women are dependent on their husbands and other family members for health-related decisions. Therefore, the behaviour, knowledge and attitudes of men are integral to the reproductive health status of couples there. This study explores knowledge about three distinct areas of reproductive health among 6549 married men in five districts of the northern state of Uttar Pradesh, India. Factors contributing to men's knowledge in the areas of fertility, maternal health and STDs were investigated. Results showed that very few men had basic knowledge in any of these areas. The likelihood of reporting knowledge was associated with a set of determinants that differed in their magnitude and effect across the areas of reproductive health explored. In particular, men's belief about the ability of an individual to prevent pregnancy demonstrated an independent association with men's knowledge. After controlling for factors such as age, parity and educational and economic status, men who believed it not possible to prevent a pregnancy were less likely to know when during the menstrual cycle women would become pregnant and certain facts about STDs, but they were more likely to be able to name two or more symptoms of serious maternal health conditions. Possible explanations for this trend are discussed.

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