scholarly journals PROFESSIONAL MARTIAL ARTISTS’ KINEMATIC AND KINETIC CHANGES IN VERTICAL JUMP PERFORMANCE AND BODY COMPOSITION BEFORE AND AFTER COVID-19 LOCKDOWN

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Tan ◽  
Matthew P. Gonzalez ◽  
Martin Dietze-Hermosa ◽  
SEE Min ◽  
Sandor Dorgo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Strength Index ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Vertical Jump Height ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Hoc

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused mandatory lockdowns leading to disruptions in sports training programs. This study aimed to determine the effects of a 16-week COVID-19 lockdown on body composition as well as kinetic and kinematic parameters of the countermovement jump (CMJ) for professional martial artists. Thirteen (n=13) professional martial artists participated in this retrospective cohort study. Subjects were tested on the CMJ at four timepoints: 1) pre-lockdown (pre), 2) immediately post-lockdown (post), 3) two weeks post-lockdown (post+2), and 4) four weeks post-lockdown (post+4). Body composition was measured via bioelectrical impedance and jump data were collected using a force platform sampling at 1,000 Hz. Individual repeated-measures ANOVAs were conducted with pairwise post-hoc analyzes. Differences were observed in vertical jump height (VJH) of 10.33%, peak velocity (PV) of 3.10%, reactive strength index modified (RSImod) of 13.8%, and peak propulsive power (PPP) of 6.00% (p<0.05). There as an increase from post to post+2 of 13.06% in VJ, 4.12% for PV, 14.0% for RSImod, and PPP of 4.66%. There was an increase from post to post+2 of 10.8% in VJH, 3.1% for PV, 14.0% for RSImod, and PPP of 3.0%. Fat mass (FM) and BF% increased from pre to post by 13% and 11%, respectively, and decreased 8% and 11% from post to post+4 respectively (p<0.05). In contrast, there was an decrease in fat-free mass (FFM) from pre to post of 11% and a decrease of 8% from post to post+4. There were moderate associations between FFM and VJH (rmc=0.47), FMM and PPP (rmc=0.47), FFM and PV (rmc=0.47), BF% and PV (rmc=-0.42), and FM and PV (rmc=0.42). While the lockdown resulted in a significant decrease in CMJ performance and increases in BF and FM, subjects’ performance returned to pre-lockdown levels after only 2-4 weeks of post-lockdown training by decreasing BF, FM, and increasing FFM.

scholarly journals Age-Related Decline in Vertical Jumping Performance in Masters Track and Field Athletes: Concomitant Influence of Body Composition

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
José R. Alvero-Cruz ◽  
Mieszko Brikis ◽  
Phil Chilibeck ◽  
Petra Frings-Meuthen ◽  
Jose F. Vico Guzmán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Phase Angle ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Vertical Jumping ◽  
Masters Athletes

Vertical jumping power declines with advancing age, which is theoretically explicable by loss of muscle mass and increases in body fat. However, the results of previous cross-sectional studies remain inconsistent on these relationships. The present study included 256 masters athletes who competed at the 2018 track and field world championships in Málaga, Spain. We assessed body composition with bioelectrical impedance (Inbody S10) and vertical jumping power with a Leonardo ground reaction force platform. Relationships between age, jumping power, and body composition were analyzed by correlation and regression analyses. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate effects of each factor on vertical jumping power. Age-related rates of decreases in maximal power and jump height were similar between male and female athletes. Percent fat-free mass and percent body fat were negatively and positively, respectively, associated with age in masters athletes and were comparable to those previously observed in the general population. Moreover, these effects in body composition can, to a great extent, explain the age-related decline in jumping power, an effect that seems at least partly independent of age. Finally, the multiple regression model to determine independent predictors of vertical jump performance yielded an overall R2 value of 0.75 with the inclusion of (1) athletic specialization in power events, (2) percent fat-free mass, and (3) phase angle. However, partial regression yielded significant effects of age, but not gender, on peak power, even when adjusting for athletic specialization, percent fat-free mass, and phase angle. We concluded that loss of skeletal muscle mass and changes in bio-impedance phase angle are important contributors to the age-related reduction in anaerobic power, even in adults who maintain high levels of physical activity into old age. However, age per se remains a significant predictor of vertical jump performance, further demonstrating deteriorated muscle quality at old age (sarcosthenia).

scholarly journals Comparison of Body Composition Assessment Methods in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Wasting Receiving Growth Hormone

2006 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 2952-2959 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Esposito ◽  
Scott G. Thomas ◽  
Lori Kingdon ◽  
Shereen Ezzat
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Daily Injection ◽  
Crossover Fashion ◽  
Treatment Change ◽  
Body Composition Assessment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rhgh Treatment

Abstract Context: Bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) and skinfold anthropometry (SKF) have been used to monitor body composition among patients with HIV wasting; however, validation of these techniques during recombinant human GH (rhGH) treatment has not been performed. Objective: Our objective was to evaluate the degree of agreement between criterion measurements of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and those of BIS and SKF in patients with HIV wasting treated with rhGH. Design and Setting: We conducted a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, two-period crossover trial at the University of Toronto and Mount Sinai Hospital (Toronto, Canada). Patients: A referred sample of 27 community-dwelling men with HIV-associated weight loss (≥10% over preceding 12 months) despite optimal antiretroviral therapy participated in the study. Intervention: Intervention was one daily injection of rhGH (6 mg) or placebo self-administered for 3 months in a crossover fashion with a 3-month washout. Main Outcome Measures: Fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) were measured by BIS, SKF, and DXA before and after rhGH and placebo treatment. Results: FFMBIS was not significantly different from FFMDXA after rhGH treatment (P = 0.10). Mean differences (bias ± sd) according to Bland-Altman analysis were smaller for SKF than for BIS (P < 0.05) at all time points, yet treatment-induced change in FM was better detected with BIS than with SKF. BIS estimates of FFM and FM showed better agreement with those of DXA after rhGH treatment (1.6 ± 4.6 kg and −2.1 ± 3.9 kg) compared with baseline (3.8 ± 3.5 kg and −4.1 ± 3.6 kg) and placebo (2.7 ± 4.4 kg and −3.1 ± 4.6) (P < 0.05). BIS overestimated and SKF underestimated the treatment-induced changes in FFM and FM. Conclusions: SKF was more accurate than BIS when measuring body composition in patients with HIV wasting before and after rhGH treatment; nonetheless, the accuracy of BIS increased after treatment. Change in FM because of treatment was not accurately assessed with SKF.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in Body Composition Changes after Preseason Training in Elite Handball Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3880
Author(s):  
Ireneusz Cichy ◽  
Andrzej Dudkowski ◽  
Marek Kociuba ◽  
Zofia Ignasiak ◽  
Anna Sebastjan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Composition Changes ◽  
Training Protocol

The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in the estimated body composition of elite female and male Polish handball players during a five-week preseason training camp. Height and weight were measured, while body composition was estimated with bioelectrical impedance in 18 male and 17 female handball players before and after the five-week training protocol. Components of body composition included total body water (TBW), fat-free mass (FFM), muscle mass (MM), and absolute and relative fat mass (FM). Weight and body mass index (BMI) did not change in males, but declined in females after five weeks of training. FM and %FM declined, while estimated TBW, FFM, and MM increased significantly after training in both males and females. In contrast, comparisons of log transformed ratios for changes in weight, the BMI and body composition in males and females, respectively, suggested that estimated TBW, FFM, and MM increased relatively more in females than in males, while FM and %FM decline relatively more in males than females. Overall, the five-week preseason training program modified the body composition of male and female handball players. FM and %FM decreased, while estimated TBW, FFM, and MM increased, in both males and females after the preseason training program. Comparisons of log transformed ratios for changes in body composition in males and females suggested sexual dimorphism in response to intensive preseason training.

scholarly journals Effects of a Songahm Taekwondo Tournament on Vertical Jump and Technical-Tactical Performance in Athletes of the Brazilian National Team

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Detanico ◽  
Nicole Vitório Librizzi ◽  
Marina Saldanha Da Silva Athayde
Keyword(s):  
Level Set ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
National Team ◽  
Jump Test ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Hoc

AbstractThe study aimed to verify the effects of a simulated taekwondo tournament on vertical jump as well as technical and tactical performance in athletes of the Brazilian national team.The study involved 10 male Songahm taekwondo athletes. They took part in a simulated tournament in sparring modality, comprising four 2-minute fights with different opponents. Before and after each fight, the athletes performed the Sargent Jump Test and were asked to indicate the rate of the perceived exertion (RPE). In addition, the fights were recorded and some technical and tactical variables were analysed, namely the number of kicks, effectiveness, and technical variety. The analysis of variance for repeated measures with the Bonferroni post hoc test was used, with the significance level set atNo significant differences in the jump height were observed throughout the fights (The simulated taekwondo tournament had no effect on vertical jump or technical and tactical performance throughout the fights. The athletes were able to recover the effort perception before each new fight.

Sensitivity of bioelectrical impedance to detect changes in human body composition

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1643-1648 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ross ◽  
L. Leger ◽  
P. Martin ◽  
R. Roy
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Exercise Regimen ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hydrostatic Weighing ◽  
Human Body Composition

The purpose of this study was to compare the estimates of lean body mass (LBM) and percent body fat (%BF), as predicted by bioelectrical impedance (BIA) and sum of skinfolds (SF), with those derived by hydrostatic weighing (HW) obtained before and after a 10-wk diet and exercise regimen. The experimental (E) group consisted of 17 healthy male subjects; 20 healthy males served as the control (C) group. Post hoc Scheffe contrasts computed on E group data indicated that, for both LBM and %BF, the Lukaski and Segal BIA equations, as well as the Durnin SF equation, derived mean values that were not significantly different (0.05 significance level) from HW in both pre- and postregimen conditions. For LBM, the same equations derived the following significant (P less than 0.01) correlation coefficients for both pre- and postregimen data: Lukaski, 0.87 and 0.85; Segal, 0.89 and 0.87; and Durnin, 0.90 and 0.88. For %BF, the correlation coefficients were slightly lower but remained statistically significant (P less than 0.01). The findings of this study suggest that the BIA method, by use of either the Lukaski or Segal prediction equations, is a valid means of predicting changes in human body composition as measured by the Siri transformation of body density.

scholarly journals Muscular Strength, Power, and Endurance Adaptations after Two Different University Fitness Classes

Sports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Brittany S. Hollerbach ◽  
Sarah J. Cosgrove ◽  
Justin A. DeBlauw ◽  
Nattinee Jitnarin ◽  
Walker S. C. Poston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Muscle Strengthening ◽  
Maintain Body Weight

Physical activity (PA) classes help college students add weekly PA, which can help improve health and maintain body weight. Traditional weight training (TWT) can improve strength and aerobic capacity. High-intensity functional training such as CrossFit® (CF) provides time-efficient workouts with both muscle strengthening and aerobic exercises. Limited research has compared these classes for college students. We examined changes in muscular strength, power, and endurance as well as body composition. Participants were 85 healthy college students enrolled in TWT (n = 36, age 22.6 ± 4.1 years, 72.2% male) or CF (n = 49, age 21.8 ± 3.2 years, 55.1% male) classes meeting twice/wk for 8 weeks between October 2017 and May 2018. Baseline and posttest measurements included a vertical jump, grip strength, a 2 min push-up test, a 1 min squat test, height, weight, and a bioelectrical impedance analysis. Although no significant group × time interactions were found, there was a significant main effect of time for push-ups and squats (both p < 0.001). Participants enjoyed the classes and most planned to continue. Both classes improved muscular endurance although no significant differences were found between them. Activity classes provide college students with an option for increasing their weekly PA and help maintain body composition. Future research should examine the benefits from longer or more frequent classes.

Body Composition Modifications Due to the “Search, Rescue and Survival Training” in Male Military Firefighter Cadets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Ramos de Barros ◽  
Verônica Pinto Salerno ◽  
Thalita Ponce ◽  
Míriam Raquel Meira Mainenti
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Sleep Restriction ◽  
Fat Percentage

ABSTRACT Introduction To train and prepare cadets for a career as firefighters in Rio de Janeiro, the second-year students of the Officers Training Course are submitted to a Search, Rescue, and Survival Training (SRST) course, which is characterized by long periods of high physical exertion and sleep restriction during a 9-day instruction module, and food restriction during a 7-day survival module. The present study investigated changes in the body composition of 39 male cadets submitted to SRST during training and 4 weeks of recovery with no restrictions in food consumption. Materials and Methods Each cadet was evaluated by anthropometric measurements at six time points: pre-SRST; after the first module; after the second module; and after 1, 2, and 4 weeks of recovery. Measurements included body girths and skinfolds, to estimate trunk (chest and waist) and limbs (arm and thigh) dimensions, as well as body composition. Repeated measures ANOVA and Friedman test were applied (depending on each data distribution). Results Statistically significant decreases in body weight (76.2; 69.8-87.2 to 63.9; 58.9-73.5 kg) and fat free mass (FFM, 69.2; 63.7-77.2 to 60.1; 56.2-68.0 kg) were observed following the second module of SRST. Following a single week of recovery, the FFM returned to pre-SRST values. Body weight returned to pre-training levels in 2 weeks. Body fat percentage and mass also significantly decreased during SRST (9.0; 7.7-12.3 to 6.5; 5.1-9.3% and 6.9; 5.6-10.0 to 6.9; 5.6-10.0 kg, respectively), which showed a slower and more gradual recovery that reached pre-SRST values after 4 weeks. The girths of arm, thigh, chest and waist significantly decreased due to SRST. The girths of the limbs (arm and thigh) returned to pre-training values after one month of recovery, while the girths of the trunk (chest and waist) did not return to pre-SRST values during the study period. Conclusions The findings suggest that men who experience periods of high energy demands and sleep restriction followed by a period of food restriction will endure unavoidable physical consequences that can be mostly reversed by a 1-month recovery.

Comparison of energy expenditure, body composition, metabolic disorders, and energy intake between obese children with a history of craniopharyngioma and children with multifactorial obesity

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (11-12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilanit Bomer ◽  
Carola Saure ◽  
Carolina Caminiti ◽  
Javier Gonzales Ramos ◽  
Graciela Zuccaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Mass Percentage

AbstractCraniopharyngioma is a histologically benign brain malformation with a fundamental role in satiety modulation, causing obesity in up to 52% of patients.To evaluate cardiovascular risk factors, body composition, resting energy expenditure (REE), and energy intake in craniopharyngioma patients and to compare the data with those from children with multifactorial obesity.All obese children and adolescents who underwent craniopharyngioma resection and a control group of children with multifactorial obesity in follow-up between May 2012 and April 2013.Anthropometric measurements, bioelectrical impedance, indirect calorimetry, energy intake, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and dyslipidemia were evaluated.Twenty-three patients with craniopharyngioma and 43 controls were included. Children with craniopharyngioma-related obesity had a lower fat-free mass percentage (62.4 vs. 67.5; p=0.01) and a higher fat mass percentage (37.5 vs. 32.5; p=0.01) compared to those with multifactorial obesity. A positive association was found between %REE and %fat-free mass in subjects with multifactorial obesity (68±1% in normal REE vs. 62.6±1% in low REE; p=0.04), but not in craniopharyngioma patients (62±2.7 in normal REE vs. 61.2±1.8% in low REE; p=0.8). No differences were found in metabolic involvement or energy intake.REE was lower in craniopharyngioma patients compared to children with multifactorial obesity regardless of the amount of fat-free mass, suggesting that other factors may be responsible for the lower REE.

scholarly journals A specific bioelectrical impedance equation to predict body composition in Turner's syndrome

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis D. Guedes ◽  
Bianca Bianco ◽  
Mônica V. N. Lipay ◽  
Emmanuela Q. Callou ◽  
Marise L. Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Great Consistency ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Specific Equation ◽  
Standard Error Estimate

INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular disease is one of the main causes for Turner syndrome (TS) mortality and the evaluation of its risk factors such as excess body fat and its distribution is considered one of the major aspects of the adult patient care. OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a specific bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) equation to predict body composition in TS patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Clinical and anthropometric data, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for total fat-free mass (FFM) and BIA for resistance and reactance were obtained from 50 adult TS patients. Linear regression analysis was performed with multiple clinical and BIA data to obtain a predicting equation. RESULTS: The equation developed to estimate FFM in adult TS patients showed great consistency with DXA, elevated correlation (r = 0. 974) and determination (r² = 0. 948) coefficients and an adequate standard error estimate (SEE = 1.52 kg). CONCLUSIONS: The specific equation developed here allowed making an adequate FFM estimate in adult TS patients.

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