scholarly journals Change in climatic characteristics of the cold period of the hydrological year in the south-east of Western Siberia

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Chumbaev ◽  
Anatoly A. Tanasienko ◽  
German F. Miller ◽  
Sergey V. Solovev
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Cold Period ◽  
Soil Freezing ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
The South ◽  
The Past ◽  
Freezing Depth ◽  
Climatic Characteristics

This article is about the changes in climatic characteristics during the cold period of the hydrological year in the southeast of Western Siberia over the past 60 years and their impact on the depth of soil freezing in dissected territories. It has been established that at the regional level over the past 60 years there has been an increase in air temperature and an increase in precipitation during cold periods of hydrological years. These changes have a direct impact on the depth of freezing of soils in the dismembered territories of the southeast of Western Siberia. A stable tendency towards a decrease in the freezing depth was noted from 1968 to 2020.

Trend of stream temperature and its drivers over the past 55 years in a large European River basin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanieh Seyedhashemi ◽  
Florentina Moatar ◽  
Jean-Philippe Vidal ◽  
Dominique Thiery ◽  
Céline Monteil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Stream Temperature ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
The South ◽  
Massif Central ◽  
The Past ◽  
Temperature Trends

<p>Air temperature has been increasing all around the world over the past decades. Owing to its sensitivity to air temperature, it is consequently expected that stream temperature experiences an increase as well. However, due to paucity of long-term stream temperature data, assessments of the magnitude of such trends in relation with landscape and hydrological changes have remained scarce.</p><p>The present study used a physically-based thermal model (T-NET: Temperature-NETwork), coupled with a semi-distributed hydrological model (EROS) to reconstruct past daily stream temperatures and discharges at the scale of the Loire River basin in France (10<sup>5</sup> km<sup>2</sup> with 52278 reaches). The ability of both models to reconstruct long-term trends was assessed at 44 gauging stations and 11 stream temperature stations.  </p><p>T-NET simulations over the 1963-2017 period show that there has been a significant increasing trend in stream temperatures for at least 70% of reaches in all seasons (median=0.36 °C/decade). Significantly increasing trends are more prominent in spring (Mar-May) and summer (Jun-Aug) with a median increase of 0.37 °C (0.11 to 0.8°C) and 0.42°C (0.14 to 1 °C) per decade, respectively. For 81 % of reaches, annual stream temperature trends are greater than annual air temperature trends (median ratio=1.21; interquartile ranges: 1.06-1.44). Greater increases in stream temperature in spring and summer are found in the south of the basin, mostly in the Massif Central (up to 1°C/decade) where greater increase in air temperature (up to 0.67 °C/decade) and greater decrease in discharge (up to -16%/decade) occur jointly. The increase of stream temperature is also higher in large rivers compared to small rivers where riparian vegetation shading mitigate the increase in temperature. For the majority of reaches, changes in stream temperature, air temperature, and discharge significantly intensified in the late 1980s.</p><p>These climate-induced changes in the annual and seasonal stream temperature could help us to explain shifts in the phenology and geographical distribution of cold-water fish especially in the south of the basin where trends are more pronounced.</p>

CLIMATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COLD PERIOD IN UFA

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-454
Author(s):  
R.G. Kamalova ◽  
E.Z. Nurmukhametova ◽  
A.I. Ismagilova
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Cold Period ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Start Date ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Traditional Processing ◽  
The City ◽  
Climatic Characteristics

The article presents the results of a study of the climatic characteristics of the cold period in the city of Ufa of the Republic of Bashkortostan in the modern period. For the analysis, the authors used traditional processing methods. To identify climate changes, different base periods were considered (1961-1990, 1981-2010, 1991-2020). In some cases, time series of long-term observations were available only since 1973, so in these cases two base periods were distinguished. The statistical characteristics and changes in air temperature and its amplitude, the dates of the beginning/end and duration of the cold period, the amount of precipitation, relative humidity, the height of the snow cover and its moisture reserves, the dates of establishment/destruction and the duration of the snow cover are analyzed. Correlations between climatic indicators are shown. The study revealed that in all months of the cold period there is a tendency to increase air temperature, while the greatest contribution is made by an increase in minimum temperatures. A steady reduction in the duration of the cold period was found due to the shift of the start date to a later date, and the end date to an earlier one. The amount of precipitation tends to increase. Due to the reduction of the cold period, the duration of the snow cover in the city of Ufa decreases.

scholarly journals Interannual Variability of Thermal Conditions in the Extratropical Zone of the South Pacific at the Turn of the XX–XXI Centuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. D. Rostov ◽  
E. V. Dmitrieva ◽  
N. I. Rudykh ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
The South ◽  
The Past ◽  
Temperature Trends

Purpose. The aim of the study consists in identifying the spatial-temporal features of interannual changes in the surface air temperature Ta, the sea surface temperature (SST) and the upper 1000-meter water layer temperature Tw in the extratropical zone of the South Pacific Ocean over the past four decades, which are manifested as a result of the planetary changes and a shift in the climatic regime at the turn of the XX–XXI centuries. Besides, the revealed features’ trends and their possible cause-and-effect relationships with the processes in the atmosphere and on the ocean surface are planned to be assessed. Methods and Results. Based on the Global Meteorological Network and Reanalysis data (NOAA), regional features and trends of the water and air temperature interannual fluctuations, and their relation to variations in the pressure and wind fields, intensity of the atmosphere action centers (AAC) and climatic indices (CI) over the past 4 decades have been determined. Applied were the methods of the cluster, correlation and regression analysis, as well as the apparatus of empirical orthogonal functions (EOF). The positive trends in changes of the Ta and SST fields are manifested mainly in the northwestern part of the region, where they are statistically significant and reach their maximum 0.4–0.6°C over 10 years in the Tasman Sea region and to the northeast of New Zealand. The water areas with minimal, negative or insignificant values of the air and water temperature trends are located on the southern and eastern peripheries of the water area under study – in the areas of influence of cold currents. Over the entire investigated water area, the trends in the mean annual SST and Ta were ~ 0.04–0.06°C/10 years that are 2–3 times less than those in the subarctic region of the North Pacific Ocean. The features of spatial-temporal variability of the water temperature trends at different horizons differ significantly from the characteristics of the SST trends. The trends’ spatial distribution is already transformed within the upper 200-m layer; and deeper, maximums of this value are observed in the southeastern part of the water area. Conclusions. The results obtained made it possible to characterize the degree of heterogeneity of response of the atmosphere surface layer, SST and vertical distribution of Tw in the extratropical zone of the South Pacific to the ongoing global changes, to identify the isolated areas, to estimate quantitatively the warming rate in these water areas, and to compare these estimates with those of the other regions in the Pacific Ocean. It is shown that the individual phases of alternation of the warm and cold periods in the interannual temperature variation are consistent with the changes of the regional CI and the AAC state; this fact emphasizes the inhomogeneous nature of these processes in space and time.

scholarly journals Specific changes in main climatic characteristics of the Debed river basin (Armenia)

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Local Circulation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Annual Amount ◽  
Climatic Characteristics

Formulation of the problem. The article discusses changes in the main climatic characteristics in the Debed river basin (Armenia) at six meteorological stations. The aim of the work is to analyze and assess peculiar territorial distribution of the main climatic indicators in the Debed river basin, their changes over the past 80-90 years in different conditions of Armenia. Methods. To solve the set tasks, the authors used corresponding research and published works as a theoretical basis in the work. As a starting material, the work used the daily factual data of the "Center for Hydrometeorology and Monitoring" of the SNCO, Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Armenia for the period from 1930 to 2018 at six meteorological stations. The authors applied the following research methods in the article: mathematical and statistical, extrapolation, analysis, analogy, correlation, cartographic. Results. Climate of the earth has been changing rapidly over the past decades, leading to global warming. As a result, we are facing the problem of assessing the macroeconomic consequences of climate change in this territory. Armenia did not remain aloof from the problems of global climate change. On the territory of the river Debed's basin air temperature distribution and precipitation is uneven, due to the geographical latitude of the area, general and local circulation of the atmosphere, radiation energy and orographic features. We notice a decrease in air temperature and an increase in precipitation with the height of the terrain and the vertical gradient, respectively, is 0.54 ºC / 100 m and -20 mm / 100 m. The average annual air temperature ranges from 3.74 ºC to 12.3 ºC, and the annual precipitation is from 462 mm to 770 mm. Studies have also shown that long-term fluctuations in average air temperature over the year are generally characterized by positive trends. Air temperature in the basin of the river Debed increased by 1.65 °С on average over the year from 1964 to 2018. A particularly significant increase in annual temperatures has been observed after the 1990s, when the rate of annual warming reached +0.389 ºС / 10 years (for the period 1993-2018). The warmest years were 1966, 2010 and 2018. The tendency towards a decrease in the annual amount of precipitation prevails in the area. The most significant amount of precipitation decreased in the basin of the river Debed after 2002. The rate of changes in the annual amount of atmospheric precipitation for the period 2002–2018 reached -61.7 mm / 10 years, and for the entire period 1964-2018 - 1.02 mm / 10 years. On average a decrease in annual precipitation was 126 mm from 1964 to 2001, 105 mm - from 2002 to 2018 in the basin of the river Debed. There is a tendency for a slight increase in the amount of precipitation at the Stepanavan weather station.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Changes of the Initial Stable Water Isotopes Composition in the Seasonal Snowpack of the South of Western Siberia, Russia

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 625
Author(s):  
Tatyana Papina ◽  
Alla Eirikh ◽  
Tatiana Noskova
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Soil Freezing ◽  
Water Isotopes ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Stable Water Isotopes ◽  
The South ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Snow Precipitation

Stable water isotopes in snowpack and snowfalls are widely used for understanding hydrological processes occurring in the seasonally snow-covered territories. The present study examines the main factors influencing changes of the initial stable water isotopes composition in the seasonal snow cover of the south of Western Siberia. Studies of the isotopic composition of snow precipitation and snow cover, as well as experiments with them, were carried out during two cold seasons of 2019–2021, and laser spectroscopy PICARRO L2130-i (WS-CRDS) was used for the determination of water isotope composition (δ18O and δD). The main changes in the isotopic composition of the snow cover layers in the studied region are associated with the existence of a vertical temperature gradient between the layers and with the penetration of soil moisture into the bottom layers in the absence of soil freezing. During the winter period, the sublimation from the top layer of snow is observed only at the moments of a sharp increase in the daily air temperature. At the end of winter, the contrast between day and night air temperatures determines the direction of the shift in the isotopic composition of the top layer of snow relative to the initial snow precipitation.

Zoya Il'inichna Glezer – life and scientific achievements

2019 ◽  
pp. 318-323
Author(s):  
Zinaida V. Pushina ◽  
Galina V. Stepanova ◽  
Ekaterina L. Grundan
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Kara Sea ◽  
European Russia ◽  
Great Contribution ◽  
The South ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Scientific Achievements ◽  
South Of European Russia

Zoya Ilyinichna Glezer is the largest Russian micropaleontologist, a specialist in siliceous microfossils — Cenozoic diatoms and silicoflagellates. Since the 1960s, she systematically studied Paleogene siliceous microfossils from various regions of the country and therefore was an indispensable participant in the development of unified stratigraphic schemes for Paleogene siliceous plankton of various regions of the USSR. She made a great contribution to the creation of the newest Paleogene schemes in the south of European Russia and Western Siberia, to the correlations of the Paleogene deposits of the Kara Sea.

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