Prevalence of surgical site infection and antibiotic susceptibility pattern among post-operative patients at a tertiary hospital in Lafia Nasarawa state, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 117-120
Author(s):  
Ikrama Hassan ◽  
◽  
Michael Anazodo ◽  
Agbo Christian Agbo ◽  
Oga Esa Ochapa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
P Value ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Background: Surgical site infection is a common challenge to both the surgical patients and the surgical specialists and may lead to morbidity and mortality. The aetiologic agents vary from one place to the other, ditto the antibiotic sensitivity pattern. This study determined the prevalence of surgical site infection, the aetiologic agents and the antibiotic susceptibility pattern in a tertiary health facility in Lafia. Methods: The study was carried out over 5 (2015 – 2019) year period on post operative patients at the Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital (DASH) in the surgical and obstetrics and gynaecological wards. Swab taken from infected wounds were cultured using 2 plates of blood agar, MacConkey agar and Mannitol salt agar. The antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using Kirby Bauer technique. The data was analysed using SPSS version 23. Results obtained were presented in tables. Significant p value is < 0.05. Results: The mean age of the respondents is 28.6 ± 11.2 years. Of the 408 surgical patients seen within the 5 year period, 15 (3.7%) had surgical sites infection given a prevalence of 3.7%. A total of 6.6% of the patients who had undergone surgeries were immune-compromised. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species were the two cultured organisms accounting for 75% and 25% respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility revealed that all (100%) were sensitive to the quinolone (ciprofloxacin). Conclusion: Surgical site infection is most common in the third decade of life with a mean age of 28.6 ± 11.2 years. There is a low prevalence of surgical site infection from this study. Eschericia coli and Klebsiella species were the two common organism isolated with both having a good sensitivity to ciprofloxacin

scholarly journals Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Klebsiella species isolated from various clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital Coimbatore

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 4886
Author(s):  
Vijayashree V. ◽  
Saikeerthana D. ◽  
Prabha P.
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Background: The genus Klebsiella of Enterobacteriaceae family is ubiquitous in nature. They cause many nosocomial infections like pneumonia, urinary tract infections, wound infections, bacteremia and septicemia. Multidrug resistance is seen in Klebsiella which serves as the most common cause of increased morbidity and mortality. This study reveals the prevalence and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Klebsiella species from various clinical samples. The primary objectives are as follows: To isolate and characterize Klebsiella species from various clinical samples. To study the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Klebsiella isolates.Methods: This prospective study was conducted in our tertiary care hospital during the period from August 2019 to October 2019. A total of 3521 samples were tested during this period. The samples include blood, sputum, urine, and pus.Results: Out of the total samples tested,1106 samples were showing the growth of the organisms. Among this,351 were identified as Klebsiella species and the highest rate of isolation of Klebsiella species is from the sputum sample and also the same was reported high in medical wards. The study also shows that the isolation of Klebsiella species shows male preponderance when compared to females. The antibiotic sensitivity pattern was done by Kirby-Bauer's disc diffusion method and the sensitivity was noted to be higher to amikacin and ciprofloxacin.Conclusions: Thus, this study shows the prevalence rate of Klebsiella species and sensitivity pattern of Klebsiella, which may help select appropriate antibiotics and prevent overuse and misuse of antibiotics.

scholarly journals Isolation of Aerobic Bacteria from Surgical Site Infection and their Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Shahin Ara Begum ◽  
Shabeen Afreen ◽  
Aliya Rashid ◽  
Nasreen Farhana
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Background: Surgical site infection is one of the commonest complications after surgical intervention. Source of wound infections may be exogenous or endogenous. Wound swabs culture is the most frequently used method for confirming the diagnosis of surgical site infection. A regular bacteriological review is necessary to identify the causative agents and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern.Objective: The purpose of the present study was to find out the aerobic bacteria from wound swabs culture and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern.Methodology: A total of 175 wound swabs sample were collected aseptically from surgical site infection during the study period. Standard bacteriological methods were used for isolation and identification of organisms and their susceptibility pattern.Results: A total of 175 wound swab samples were collected from surgery departments. Out of 175 samples 102 (58.28%) were positive by culture. Among the isolated organisms the gram negative bacilli were predominant 67 (65.68%) than the gram positive cocci 35 (34.32%).The most common isolated bacteria were Escherichia.coli 30(29.41%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus 28 (27.45%) Pseudomonous areuginosa 20(29.85%), Acinetobacter spp 08(11.94%), Coaggulase negative Staphylococcus (CONS) 07(6.86%) Klebsiella pneumoniae 05(4.90%), Proteus spp 03(4.45%), and Citobacter spp 01(1.49%). Among the total 175 samples 114(65.14%) were collected from male patients and 61(34.86%) were from female patients. All the isolated gram negative bacilli showed resistant to all antibiotics and all isolated gram positive cocci were resistant to all antibiotics except Linezolid. Among the isolated Staphylococcus aureus 8 (24.85%) were MRSA and one (3.57%) were VRSA. The most effective antibiotics were Amikacin, Meropenem, Imipenem and Tazobactam in this study.Conclusion: Surgical site infections remain the commonest post operative complications after surgery and one of the commonest encountered hospital acquired infections. Therefore, periodic review needs be done to find out the causative agents and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern for better treatment and managementBangladesh Journal of Infectious Disease 2015;2(2):28-32

scholarly journals Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of group B streptococcal isolates from maternal genital tract

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 2738
Author(s):  
Vijayan Sharmila ◽  
Thirunavukkarasu Arun Babu
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Group B

Background: Group B streptococcus (GBS) is one of the important cause of early onset neonatal sepsis in developed countries leading to increased neonatal morbidity and mortality. Penicillin and Ampicillin are the drugs of choice for prevention of GBS infections. Antibiotic resistance amongst GBS isolates is an emerging health problem affecting neonates. Hence, this study was performed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) in a population of pregnant women.Methods: A prospective study was done to screen pregnant women for vaginal and rectal GBS colonization during their regular visits to antenatal clinic. Todd-Hewitt broth, an enrichment medium for GBS was used for isolation. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates were studied.  Results: A total of 300 pregnant women were screened for GBS colonization. GBS colonization rate in our study was 2.3%. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates revealed that none of the isolates were resistant to penicillin or clindamycin, while resistance was noted to erythromycin (14.3%) and   tetracycline (71.4%).Conclusions: GBS continues to remain sensitive to Penicillin which is the drug of choice for prevention and treatment of GBS.  Consistent surveillance of antibiotic sensitivity pattern of GBS as well as for other organisms implicated in new born sepsis and maternal infections is required to formulate guidelines for prevention and treatment.

scholarly journals Antibiotic sensitivity pattern in culture positive typhoid fever cases isolated at Patan hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1450-1452
Author(s):  
Sanjay Kumar Shrestha ◽  
Shova Basnet
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
High Degree

Background: Enteric fever is one of the most common systemic infections of developing countries like Nepal. The changing trend of antibiotic susceptibility and increasing rate of resistance to the commonly used antibiotics has been of great concern in the proper treatment and prevention of this disease. This study aims to investigate the current antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Salmonella typhi and paratyphi A and B. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out at Patan hospital of Lalitpur, Nepal from ____ to -------. Blood culture sample were collected from suspected patients presenting to different departments of the hospital and tested microbiologically by standard procedure. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by Kirby Bauer Disc Diffusion method and results were interpreted by National Committee for Clinical Laboratory (NCCLS) guidelines. Results: Out of the total sample of 212, 40(18.8%) cases were isolated as Salmonella species. Out of these, 29(72.5%) cases were S typhi and 11(27.5%) were S paratyphi. Isolates were mainly from adult age group. Regarding the antibiotic susceptibility pattern, the sensitivity to chloramphenicol was 95% and to cotrimoxazole 97% whereas the sensitivity to ciprofloxacin was 52.5% and 27.5% for Ofloxacin. Nalidixic Acid Resistance Salmonella typhi strain was 60.0 percent. Sensitivity to ceftriaxone, meropenem and colistin was found to be 100 percent. Conclusions: A high degree of variability is seen in antimicrobial sensitivity pattern with very high degree of sensitivity to the historically used antibiotics like chloramphenicol and cotrimoxazole. Unfortunately, sensitivity to quinolones was seen to be very low, which were used widely in the last two decades.

scholarly journals Antibiotic susceptibility pattern and risk factors associated with Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas infection at a tertiary care hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
Jatan Bahadur Sherchan
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
P Value ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Prolonged Hospital

Background: Infection due to Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major worldwide concern these days. Antibiotic resistance and predisposing factors among the patients for acquiring such infection is a major challenge globally and in Nepal. Objectives: To determine antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates along with predisposing factors. Methods: A total of 9,705 clinical samples were processed in this analytical cross-sectional study from December 2019 to November 2020. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern was determined following Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute guidelines. Patients’ information was obtained after informed consent. Results: Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were 92 (0.95%). Fifty-three (57.61%) samples were respiratory samples. Thirteen (20%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 18 (66.67%) Acinetobacter spp. were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Eight (12.31%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains and 13 (48.15%) Acinetobacter spp. strains were sensitive only to Colistin.   Twenty-two (95.65%) prolonged hospital stayers had MDR bacteria compared to only nine (13.04%) non-prolonged hospital stayers (p-value <0.001). Sixteen (94.12%) of diabetic patients had MDR bacteria isolates in comparison to only 15 (20%) of non-diabetic patients (p-value <0.001). Thirty-one (33.69%) were elderly patients (age ?65 years) and 61 (66.31%) were of age less than 65 years old. Seventeen (54.84%) of elderly patients had MDR isolates whereas only 14 (22.95%) of patients who are not elderly had MDR isolates (p-value =0.0047). Conclusion: Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain were isolated from various samples. For effective treatment of infection by such organisms detailed microbiological diagnosis and drug susceptibility testing is needed along with identification of predisposing factors.

scholarly journals Prevalence of some virulence genes and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from different clinical specimens

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yamuna Chand ◽  
Santosh Khanal ◽  
Om Prakash Panta ◽  
Dipendra Shrestha ◽  
Dhruba Kumar Khadka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
P Value ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Clinical Specimens

Abstract Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen and are reported to cause acute and chronic infectious diseases. Due to its high ability to acquire resistance to many antibiotics, it has become a global public health threat. It consists of some virulence genes that may lead to its pathogenicity. The main objective of this cross-sectional study was to detect the virulence genes and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of P. aeruginosa isolated from clinical specimens collected from governmental hospital of Nepal.Methods: A total of 7898 clinical specimens were analyzed for the period of six months from November 2018 to April 2019. The specimens were cultured on Nutrient agar, Blood agar, MacConkey agar, Chocolate agar, Cysteine-Lactose, Electrolyte Deficient agar plates and were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. All the isolates were identified by standard biochemical tests and further confirmed by growth on Cetrimide agar plate. The antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method following CLSI guideline. Multiplex-PCR was done to detect the virulence genes oprL and toxA. Statistical analysis was carried out using IBM SPSS Statistic ver. 25 and the p-value was calculated at significance level (0.05%) by using Chi square.Results: Out of these specimens investigated, 87 isolates were tentatively identified to be P. aeruginosa in which 20 (22.98 %) were found to be multidrug resistant. Comparatively, most of the P. aeruginosa were isolated from outpatients 63 (72.41 %) than inpatients 24 (27.58 %), from male 56 (64.36 %) than female 31 (35.63 %) and in age group 60-79 years (41.37 %). AST result showed the highest resistance of 100% with cefixime whereas susceptibilities of 83.9% and 81.6% with polymixin B and tobramycin were noticed respectively. The PCR results showed that all P. aeruginosa isolates carried oprL 87 (100%) and 83 (95.4 %) isolates showed toxA genes. Conclusion: The studies revealed that almost all P. aeruginosa harbors both oprL and toxA genes.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Clinical Samples at Narayani Samudayik Hospital, Chitwan, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Rama Adhikari ◽  
Bindu Kshetri ◽  
Khem Narayan Sharma ◽  
Santosh Khanal ◽  
Om Prakash Panta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Clinical Specimens

Objectives: The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and MDR bacteria isolated from various clinical specimens from the patients attending Narayani Samudayik Hospital, Chitwan Methods: A cross sectional study was carried in NPI-Narayani Samudayik Hospital, Chitwan from June to December 2017. Altogether, 3610 clinical specimens mainly pus, blood and urine were collected, streaked on Mannitol Salt Agar and Blood Agar and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. The confirmed colonies of S. aureus were sub-cultured on Nutrient Agar. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of all isolates S. aureus was determined by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Isolates resistant to cefoxitin (30mcg) were confirmed as MRSA. Result: Among 3610 total clinical samples, 17.6 % (635/3610) showed growth and 95(14.96%) S. aureus were isolated. Higher number of S. aureus was isolated from pus sample (93.15%). Out of 95 S. aureus isolates, 55 (57.89%) were identified as MRSA while 40 (42.10%) were MSSA. Vancomycin, ceftriaxone and chloramphenicol were found to be most effective antibiotic against isolates. Whereas, the least effective antibiotic was cefoxitin followed by amoxiclav, oxacillin and amoxicillin. Conclusion: This study concludes that the overall prevalence of MRSA and MDR among the bacterial isolates is higher compared to other studies. So, it is recommended to monitor the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of pathogens regularly and study the epidemiology of such isolates.  

scholarly journals Bacteriological Profile of Pyoderma Cases Attending the Dermatology Department in a Tertiary Care Hospital

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nipa Singh ◽  
Shakti Sovan Pradhan ◽  
Thana Sundar Sahoo ◽  
Ipsa Mohapatra ◽  
Jagadananda Jena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
P Value ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dermatology Department ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern

Introduction: Pyoderma, a commonly found skin disease among the general population in developing countries, is a challenge to the dermatologists due to its changing spectrum and antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Aim: To know the prevalence of different types of pyoderma, causative organisms, their antibiotic susceptibility with special reference to prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Materials and Methods: It was a prospective cross-sectional study which includes 402 clinically diagnosed cases of pyoderma who presented to the Department of Dermatology (both outdoor and indoor) from 15th May 2019-15th December 2019. Detailed history was taken and thorough clinical examination was done. Relevant investigations including bacterial culture and sensitivity were done. Descriptive statistics for both clinical and bacteriological characteristics were generated. Statistical comparison of categorical variables was undertaken using Chi-square test and a p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of pyoderma was 2.9%. Most of the pyoderma was observed in the 11-30 years of age group. Primary pyoderma (78.9%) was more common than secondary pyoderma, furuncle (45.1%) being the most common among primary pyodermas and infected eczema (43.5%) among secondary pyodermas. Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant organism isolated in 229 cases (out of 385 isolates, 59.5%). All the Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated were sensitive to vancomycin, 96.9% were sensitive to linezolid. Conclusion:Staphylococcus aureus was the primary pathogen causing pyodermas in this study. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the organisms isolated must be taken into account before starting therapeutic treatment.

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