scholarly journals Total Bacterial Counts of Raw Milk in Eastern Terai of Nepal

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 46-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lekh Raj Dahal ◽  
Dainik B Nepali Karki ◽  
Ramashish Shah
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Period ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Bacteriological Study ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Plant Level

This study was carried out to evaluate the quality of raw milk measured by Total Bacterial Count (TBC). Bulk raw milk for bacteriological study was carried out in Regional Veterinary Laboratory (RVL), Biratnagar. Altogether, 520 milk samples for TBC were examined at farm and plant levels. Results showed a great variability of TBC for the overall study period. The lowest TBC (2.78 x 106) and the highest TBC (13.299 x 106) at two milk collection units revealed nearly fivefold difference. The results of mean TBC at farm (9.03 x 105) was nine fold of international standard (1 x 105), and mean TBC at plant (104.71 x 105) reached 104 folds the international standard. The TBC at farm level were non significant (P>0.05) for overall experimental period where as most of TBC at plant level differed (p<0.01) significantly. TBC at farm level differed significantly (P<0.01) from each record of same date at plant level. The highest number of TBC (16.5 x 106) was observed in the month of September, which was significantly (P <0.01) different from the rest of the months. The results obtained from the study indicated that the current situation is critical and needs real improvement from production point to processing plant.Key words: Raw milk; Total Bacterial Count (TBC)The Journal of AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENTVol. 11, 2010Page: 46-50Uploaded Date: 15 Septembre, 2010

Total Bacterial Count in Raw Milk Using the BactoScan 8000

1993 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 838-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
J L Rodrίguez-Otero ◽  
M Hermtoa ◽  
A Cepeda ◽  
C Franco
Keyword(s):  
Reference Method ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Milk Hygiene ◽  
The Individual

Abstract The BactoScan 8000 (Foss Electric) automatically performs a total count of bacteria in raw milk. It was designed for fast, repeatable counting. The apparatus counts the individual bacteria (IBC) instead of colony forming units (CFU). IBC provides more information on the state of milk hygiene than the CFU count. The repeatability, sr, was 0.033 log (IBC/μL), which is equivalent to a coefficient of variation of 7.9% (IBC/μL). The carryover, which is the contamination one sample imposes on the next, was 0.19%. The BactoScan 8000 was calibrated against the reference method of counting colonies on a Petri dish. The correlation coefficient for 429 milk samples was r= 0.88, and the standard deviation of the residuals, syx, was 0.259. The detection limit was 15 CFU/μL. We recommend establishing a system of payment to farmers based on the bacteriological quality of their milk as determined by the BactoScan 8000. Because results are obtained in IBC/μL, analytical differences resulting from conversion to CFU/|iL are eliminated.

Rapid Detection of Psychrotrophic Bacteria In Manufacturing Grade Raw Milks

1991 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 861-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. TATINI ◽  
P. MEKALA ◽  
A. EL-HABAZ ◽  
M. W. GRIFFITHS
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Psychrotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Microscopic Count ◽  
Direct Epifluorescent Filter Technique ◽  
Native Microflora

Methods to rapidly assess the bacteriological quality of raw milk were investigated. Whereas direct microscopic count, modified psychrotrophic plate count, and direct epifluorescent filter technique (DEFT) did not correlate well with initial psychrotrophic bacterial count of raw milk, improvements were obtained after preincubation of the milk samples. The best preincubation conditions were identified as 30°C for 6 h, 21°C for 10 h, 13°C for 15 h, 13°C for 20 h, or 7°C for 37 h. The “square root” equation was applied to the data, and a model was produced for predicting growth of the native microflora of raw milk. Using this equation, a DEFT count after preincubation of the milk at 21°C for 10 h could accurately predict the initial psychrotroph count and the count after storage of the milk at 6°C for 48 h.

scholarly journals Chilled raw milk quality: a case study in Zona da Mata region, Minas Gerais State, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Paulo de Lima ◽  
Gustavo Bastos Braga ◽  
Ronaldo Perez ◽  
Antonio Fernandes de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Minas Gerais State

ABSTRACT: This paper aimed to analyze the evolution of the quality of raw milk produced by producers in the Zona da Mata region, in the state of Minas Gerais, between 2012 and 2018. For this purpose, we used the linear mixed-effects model to analyze the monthly evolution of the results of milk composition indicators (fat, protein, and defatted dry extract - DDE), somatic cell count - SCC, and total bacterial count - TBC, from the official monthly registry of 94 milk producers, suppliers of a region’s dairy. Results indicate a continuous reduction in the milk composition indicators between 2014 and 2018. For the SCC and TBC indicators, we identified only one-off reductions. The supply of a larger volume of milk was associated with increased TBC. Seasonality influenced all quality indicators analyzed. According to these results, we concluded that the analyzed quality of chilled raw milk offered by producers was proven worse from 2012 to 2018, despite the actions implemented by the National Milk Quality Improvement Program - PNMQL.

scholarly journals Variávéis relacionadas ao teor de extrato seco desengordurado em amostras de leite de tanques de resfriamento de estabelecimentos rurais

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Luis Carlos Arruda Junior ◽  
Adriana Hauser ◽  
Dileta Regina Moro Alessio ◽  
Deise Aline Knob ◽  
Marciel França ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Milk Volume

The defatted dry extract (DDE) comprises of the solid constituents of the milk, except for the fat, and must have a minimum established content of 8.4% for raw milk in Brazil. The objective was to evaluate the effects of commercialized milk volume, somatic cell count (SCC) and total bacterial count (TBC) on the DDE content of dairy farm milk samples. The sampling included data from monthly milk analyzes of dairy farms, which supply four dairy industries located in the state of Santa Catarina, Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul, and comprised of 106.470 observations sampled in 2015.The data were submitted to variance and regression analysis. To evaluate the influence of the volume of milk commercialized by the farmers, the SCC and TBC levels, and the levels of DDE, the values of these explanatory variables were stratified in quintiles. The mean DDE was 8.55%, with 25.6% of the samples being below the established minimum. In regard to the volume of milk marketed by the farmers, seasonal variations were observed in all quintiles of dairy farms analyzed, but with lower levels of DDE in milk samples from small farms throughout the year. Samples of milk with high TBC and, especially high SCC, presented lower percentage of DDE during the year. It is concluded that the DDE content of milk is related to the season of the year, the production volume per dairy, SCC and TBC.

scholarly journals Inoculation of Mother’s Own Milk Could Personalize Microbiological, Metataxonomic and Peptidomic Profile of Pasteurized Donor Human Milk Used for Feeding Preterm Infants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenica Mallardi ◽  
Chiara Tabasso ◽  
Pasqua Piemontese ◽  
Stefano Morandi ◽  
Tiziana Silvetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Donor Human Milk ◽  
Peptidomic Analysis ◽  
Mother’S Own Milk

Abstract Background Human milk is a vehicle of bioactive compounds and beneficial bacteria which promote the establishment of a healthy gut microbiome of newborns, especially of preterm infants. Pasteurized donor human milk (PDHM) is the second-best option when preterm mother’s own milk is unavailable. Since pasteurization affect the quality of donor milk, the effect on bacterial growth, human milk microbiota diversity and proteolytic phenomena in PDHM inoculated with different preterm milk samples, was evaluated. Methods Ten preterm milk samples was used to perform inoculation of PDHM at 10% v/v. Microbiological, metataxonomic and peptidomic analysis, on preterm milk samples at the baseline (T0) and PDHM and inoculated milk (IM) samples at T0, after 2h (T1) and 4h (T2) of incubation at 37°C, were conducted. Results IM samples at T2 showed a Total Bacterial Count not significantly different (p > 0.01) compared to preterm milk samples. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) level was restored in all IM at T2. After inoculation, metataxonomic analysis showed that Proteobacteria remained the predominant phylum while Firmicutes moved from 3% at T1 to 9.4% at T2 in IM samples. Peptidomic profile of IM resembled that of PDHM incubated for the same time in terms of number and type of peptides. Conclusion The study demonstrated that inoculation with fresh mother’s own milk could restore bacterial growth and personalize human milk microbiome in PDHM. This effect could be beneficial thanks to the presence of maternal probiotic bacteria which make PDHM more similar to mother’s own milk.

scholarly journals Effects of Freezing Milk Samples on the Recovery of Alimentary Pathogens and Indicator Microorganisms

2007 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hubáčková ◽  
D. Ryšánek
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Indicator Microorganisms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Subsequent Storage ◽  
Total Bacteria

The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of freezing and subsequent storage on quantitative results of bacteriologic culturing of selected alimentary pathogens and indicator microorganisms in milk. Two model experiments were carried out. In the first experiment, raw milk samples were frozen and stored at -20 °C for 72 hours, 7 days or 21 days. After thawing, the following counts of indicator microorganisms were assessed: total bacteria count and counts of coliform and psychrotrophic microorganisms. The counts of these microorganisms determined before freezing served as control. In the second experiment, milk samples were inoculated with strains of shigatoxigenic Escherichia coli, enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus and bacteria Listeria monocytogenes and frozen. After storage for the above times, recovery was performed and colony-forming unit counts per millilitre were assessed. It was documented that freezing had a considerable adverse effect on the recovery of shigatoxigenic E. coli (P < 0.01) after 7 days of storage. A decline in counts of coliform bacteria (P < 0.01) and psychrotrophic microorganisms (P < 0.01) was detected as soon as after 72 hours storage. The decline in counts of E. coli and psychrotrophic microorganisms continued with the time of storage - 72 hours and 7 days (P < 0.05); 72 hours and 21 days (P < 0.01). In contrast, no effect was recorded for L. monocytogenes and total bacterial count. Freezing caused a slight increase (P < 0.05) in S. aureus counts in milk samples after 72 hours and 7 days of storage. The results of this study indicate that the freezing of milk samples is unsuitable for sample storage before the assessment of hygienic quality because potential risk of misdiagnosis may be high.

scholarly journals Microbiological quality analysis of raw, pasteurized, UHT milk samples collected from different locations in Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sourav Kumar Banik ◽  
Kamal Kanta Das ◽  
Md Aftab Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Expiry Date ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
Milk Samples

Present study attempted to determine the microbiological quality of raw, pasteurized and UHT (Ultra High Temperature-processed) milk samples collected from different locations in Bangladesh. A total of 46 samples were studied including 22 raw milk samples from the local dairy markets and 24 different brands of pasteurized and ultrahigh temperature (UHT) treated milk manufactured in different beverage industries. The samples were examined for determining the total viable bacterial count (TVBC) and total coliform count (TCC). Results revealed that the raw milk samples were substandard in terms of TVBC and TCC. The range of TVBC and TCC in raw milk samples was 5.2×108 to 1.3×107 cfu/ml and 4.2×104 to 1.0×104 cfu/ml, respectively. On the contrary, the quality of pasteurized and UHT-treated milks was excellent. The TVBC range in pasteurized milk samples was from 1.8×103 to 1.1×102 cfu/ml, slightly lower than that recommended by the Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institution (BSTI). Interestingly sample numbers P-6, P-10 and P-12 of pasteurized milk samples had no growth at all both in terms of TVBC and TCC and none of the UHT processed milk contained any bacteria. So from the consumer point of view, both types of processed milk can be considered safe for consumption within the mentioned expiry date. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjm.v4i1.22753 Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.4(1) 2014: 5-8

scholarly journals Microbiological quality assessment of raw milk and water samples from Noakhali district, Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Asma Talukder ◽  
Anuja Saha ◽  
Sabrina Binta Shoeb ◽  
Mimma Tabassum
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Mold Count

This study was carried out to evaluate the microbial quality of raw milk and water samples taken at four different local shops in Maijdee area (Noakhali District), Bangladesh. Milk is a valuable food-stuff consumed on daily basis and is highly prone to bacterial contamination. Contamination with pathogenic microorganisms is most alarming for potable water and hence it is needed to detect the bacterial contamination in local drinking water. Microbiological quality of milk samples was analyzed using Total Viable Bacterial Count (TVBC), Total Coliform Count (TCC) and Yeast-mold Count techniques. Critical hygienic indicator for food and foodstuffs is total microbial load. Compare to four stores, store 3 shows the high contamination value in milk samples (TVC 12.48×105 cfu/ml, TCC 6.4×105 cfu/ml, yeast- mold count 3.48×102 cfu/ml and 4.85×102 cfu/ml) whereas store 1 is liable to water samples (TVC 12.09×105 cfu/ml, TCC 4.81×105 cfu/ml, yeast- mold count 2.7×102 cfu/ml and 2.24×102 cfu/ml). These outcomes accentuate applying and sustaining proper hygiene practice throughout the manufacturing and distribution to prevent health risks of the rural people. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2019, 5(1): 31-36

scholarly journals CONTAGEM DE CÉLULAS SOMÁTICAS, CONTAGEM BACTERIANA TOTAL E ANÁLISES FÍSICO-QUÍMICAS DO LEITE PRODUZIDO NA REGIÃO SUL DO ESTADO DE GOIÁS

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (Especial 2) ◽  
pp. 135-141
Author(s):  
Nariane Coelho de Oliveira ◽  
Milena de Lima Vieira ◽  
Wallacy Barbacena Rosa dos Santos ◽  
Aline Sousa Camargos ◽  
Jeferson Corrêa Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
The State ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Physicochemical Composition ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Quality Of Milk

Considering that the production of milk in the State of Goiás has undergone changes in the productive chain that reflect directly in the national scenario, studies are needed to obtain information on the quality of milk produced in this region. The present work was carried out in partnership with the cooperative receiving the milk production of the rural properties studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of somatic cell count (CCS), total bacterial count (CBT) and the physicochemical composition of dairy herds in the southern region of the state of Goiás. The data of CCS, CBT and physicochemical analyzes were tabulated, from of period of August of 2015 to July of 2016. The samples were collected monthly in the cooling pond of the farms and sent to a laboratory accredited by the Brazilian Quality Milk Network (RBQL). High values were found in the CCS, however, remaining within the limits allowed by Normative Instruction 62. For CBT were found alarming results, as they were indexed beyond what is allowed by the regulation. Regarding the physical-chemical composition variables, this study were used 136 Colloquium Agrariae, vol. 13, n. Especial 2, Jan–Jun, 2017, p. 135-141. ISSN: 1809-8215. DOI: 10.5747/ca.2017.v13.nesp2.000219 lactose, fat and total protein. Comparing the results obtained during the experimental period with those of Normative Instruction 62, were observed that the total protein and fat contents are within the established standard.

scholarly journals Coagulase-negative staphylococci in ewe udder surface and raw milk samples

2021 ◽  
pp. 221-225
Author(s):  
Andualem Tonamo ◽  
István Komlósi ◽  
Flóra Mária Petróczki ◽  
Ferenc Peles
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
Staphylococcus Simulans

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are among the major causes of subclinical mastitis in dairy ewe flocks. This has a financially significant impact on the ewe dairy sector and consumer health. The determination of the bacterial count, particularly CNS, is critical in terms of the quantity and quality of ovine milk. Thus, the purpose of this study was to quantify the CNS count in the udder surface and raw milk samples of the ewe, in addition to identifying CNS strains (n=8) collected from udder surface and individual raw milk samples by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A total of 164 samples of udder surface and raw milk originated from four sheep farms were tested. The obtained values were compared between the different farms. Furthermore, values during 2018 and 2019 in the case of Farm I were compared. Significantly higher (p<0.05) average count was observed in udder surface samples taken from Farm I (2.8±1.0 lg CFU/cm2) than that of Farm III samples (2.3±0.6 lg CFU/cm2). In the case of individual raw milk, the higher value was observed in samples derived from Farm III (3.5±0.9 lg CFU/mL), while the obtained value was significantly lower (p<0.05) in samples originated from Farm IV (1.8±0.4 lg CFU/mL). In the bulk tank milk samples, the highest mean value was 5.3±0.4 CFU/mL, and there was no significant (p>0.05) variation between farms. Coagulase-negative staphylococci counts were decreased to a certain extent in both sample types tested during 2019 except for individual raw milk derived from the Tsigai breed. The correlation between the mean CNS counts of udder surface and individual raw milk was very weak (r=0.048). Staphylococcus simulans, Staphylococcus auricularis, and Staphylococcus equorum were identified by molecular sequencing and Staphylococcus simulans were the most frequently identified CNS species. A higher CNS count of bulk tank milk than individual raw milk indicates possible contamination during milking and storage. Therefore, further studies are required to investigate the other sources of bulk tank milk contamination to improve the hygienic quality of milk.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document