Screening Wheat Genotypes for Drought Tolerance and Co-relation Study among Morpho-physiological Traits

Wheat crop in developing world including Nepal is grown under rainfed condition and thus face moisture stress at one or more growth stages limiting grain yield. An experiment was conducted at Greenhouse to screen the 60 different genotypes of wheat including Nepalese landraces, commercial cultivars CIMMYT derived advanced lines, NWRP derived advanced lines, and three international drought tolerant check cultivars. The wheat genotypes were grown in pots (single plant) arranged in a replicated split plot design under two contrasting moisture regimes, optimum and moisture stressed. The genotypes were evaluated for water use, water use efficiency, plant height, number of tillers and biomass production. The analysis revealed significant variance between environments and among the wheat genotypes for most of these traits. A wide range of variability was observed for water use, water use efficiency, days to anthesis, plant height, number of tillers and biomass yield in both moisture stressed and non stressed environments. Gautam showed superiority than Bhrikuti and Vijaya among Nepalese cultivar for drought adaptive physiological traits. Landrace NPGR 7504 showed high level of water use efficiency and other positive traits for drought adaptation.

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Inoculant, nitrogen and phosphorus improves photosynthesis and water-use efficiency in soybean production

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859621000617 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

C. E. N. Savala ◽

A. N. Wiredu ◽

J. O. Okoth ◽

S. Kyei-Boahen

Keyword(s):

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Management Practices ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Area Index ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Wide Range ◽

Use Efficiency

Abstract Soybean yield within the Southern Africa falls below its potential despite similar climatic conditions across some agroecologies, replicable agronomic management practices and introduced improved varieties. Understanding physiological processes and water-use efficiency (WUE) of soybean offer information on bridging this yield gap. A field study was conducted in 2017 and 2018 seasons in two agroecologies (Angonia and Ruace) in Mozambique to evaluate the effects of Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens strain USDA110 formerly known as Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculant, nitrogen and phosphorus on nodulation, physiology and yield of non-promiscuous (Safari) and promiscuous (TGx 1740-2F) soybean varieties. Data on transpiration, photosynthesis, leaf area index, radiation interception and WUE from the beginning of flowering to maturity were collected. Transpiration rate varied considerably with interaction between locations, growth stages, varieties and treatments. At podding, phosphorus-treated soybean at Angonia transpired less (6.3 mmol/m2/s) than check plants (6.6 mmol/m2/s). Photosynthesis rate and WUE were distinct with variety, growth stages and inputs within agroecologies. For instance, in Angonia 2018 season, phosphorus fertilized TGx 1740-2F photosynthesized more at flowering (25.3 μmol/m2/s) while the lowest was phosphorus-treated Safari at podding with 17.2 μmol/m2/s. At the same site in 2017, inoculated soybean photosynthesized more at 22.8 μmol/m2/s leading to better WUE of 3.6 that corresponded to 2894 kg/ha yield. Overall, soybean WUE was higher when inoculated than N-treated, while P application yielded better. Results from this study will complement breeders’ effort in developing phosphorus efficient varieties suited for a wide range of changing climatical conditions.

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EFFECT OF ADDING SOME CONDITIONERS and IRRIGATION LEVELS IN WATER USE EFFICIENCY AND PRODUCTION OF MAYZE CROP

Anbar Journal of Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.32649/ajas/2020/3 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 28-40

Keyword(s):

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Plant Height ◽

Water Use ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Crop Water ◽

Improvement Rate ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Plant Growth Stages ◽

Use Efficiency

Field Experiment was carried out during the autumn season of 2018 to determine the effect of some soil enhancers on the productivity and growth of maize-fajir-1 in western Iraq (Anbar-Khaldiya) and the study of some indicators of soil enhancers. The experiment included five coefficients to add enhancers: without addition of material A0, as well as coefficients containing different concentrations of polymer (0.2%P1, 0.4%P2) and (2%O1,24%O2) of ceratophyllum powder, respectively, and three levels (Eta I1, 125% of Eta I2, 150% of Eta I3) during one of the main plant growth stages, The distribution of the split plot disign RCPD and three replicates were statistically analyzed and the averages were compared at a lower test Significant difference (LSD) at 5% using the Genistate . Positive results were obtained under the effect of the addition of conditioners mixed with the soil with the highest yield of 8.44-ton h-1and 8.39-ton h-1 for treatment of polymer P2 and P1, respectively, compared with the treatment of comparison A0 where It reached 8.09 tons h-1. The efficiency values of field and crop water increased by increasing the percentage of enhancers, with the highest value for field water use efficiency of 1.44 Kg.m-3 for P1 compared to the minimum efficiency of 1.33 Kg.m-3for O1, while the highest value for crop water use was 1.31 Kg m-3 for P2 compared with the lowest efficiency of O1 treatment at 1.29 Kg m-3. The plant height and dry weight values increased with the increase of the improvement rate. The highest value of plant height was 201.6 cm for the P2 treatment and 8.98 ton h-1 as dry weight for the same treatment compared to the lowest height of 181.7 cm for the treatment O1. The dry weight for the same treatment was 8.73 ton h-1, while the highest value of irrigation treatments was 192 cm for treatment I1. The dry weight of the same treatment was 8.87 ton h-1, compared to the lowest plant height for treatment I3 with 186 cm and the lowest dry weight for the same treatment was 8.7 ton h-1

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WHEAT YIELD AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY UNDER CONTRASTING RESIDUE AND TILLAGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN A SEMIARID AREA OF MOROCCO

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479702000285 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 237-248 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

R. Mrabet

Keyword(s):

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

No Tillage ◽

Partial Removal ◽

No Till ◽

Management Technology ◽

Use Efficiency

Wheat (Triticum aestivum) production using no-tillage is becoming an increasingly accepted management technology. Major obstacles to its adoption in Morocco, however, are exportation of wheat straw from the field and stubble grazing. Among pertinent solutions is the control of these practices. A four-year field study was conducted to determine the effect of residue level under no-tillage on wheat grain and total dry-matter yields, water use and water-use efficiency, and to compare this with conventional tillage systems. The aim was to evaluate whether all the straw produced is needed for no-till cropping or whether partial removal of straw from the field is possible without any adverse effect on production. No-tillage and deep tillage with disk plough performed equally well and subsurface tillage with an off-set disk produced the lowest yields. Both bare and full no-tillage covers depressed wheat production. Uo to 30% of straw produced under no-tillage can be removed without jeopardizing wheat crop performance.

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An Analytical View on Water Use Efficiency of Some Main Crops Grown in the Non-costal Parts of Thrace Region

Journal of Agriculture and Ecology Research International ◽

10.9734/jaeri/2020/v21i730156 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 47-57

Author(s):

Recep Cakir

Keyword(s):

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Irrigation Water Use ◽

Rainfed Farming ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Thrace Region

The article contains data obtained from evaluations related to irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) and water use efficiency (WUE), for the main crops, irrigated at different stages of growth, on the basis of some findings obtained in the Research Institute in Kırklareli. Each of the experimental crops was sown and farmed following procedures applied by the farmers in the region, except of the irrigation applications which were based on the sensitivity of a certain crop to water shortage in the soil, during the specific growth stages. Similar procedures were applied and all the experimental treatments were irrigated at growth stages, as predicted in the research methodology, and water amounts required to fill the 0-90 cm soil depth to field capacity were implied. Evaluation data obtained from the field experiments with three major crops, grown on the non-coastal lands of Thrace Region showed, that the productivity of irrigation water, as well as water use efficiencies of all analysed crops, are growth stage controlled. The highest IWUE and WUE efficiencies of 0.87 and 0.92 kg da-1 m-3; and 1.08 kg da-1 m-3 and 0.81 kg da-1 m-3; were determined for wheat and sunflower crops, irrigated at booting and flowering stages, respectively. Each m3 of irrigation water, applied during the most sensitive fruit formation stage (Ff) of pumpkin crop, provided additionally 8.47 kg da-1 fruit yield, 8.09 fruit numbers and 0.28 kg da-1 seed yields, more than those of rainfed farming (R).

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