EFFECT OF ADDING SOME CONDITIONERS and IRRIGATION LEVELS IN WATER USE EFFICIENCY AND PRODUCTION OF MAYZE CROP

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-40
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Improvement Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plant Growth Stages ◽  
Use Efficiency

Field Experiment was carried out during the autumn season of 2018 to determine the effect of some soil enhancers on the productivity and growth of maize-fajir-1 in western Iraq (Anbar-Khaldiya) and the study of some indicators of soil enhancers. The experiment included five coefficients to add enhancers: without addition of material A0, as well as coefficients containing different concentrations of polymer (0.2%P1, 0.4%P2) and (2%O1,24%O2) of ceratophyllum powder, respectively, and three levels (Eta I1, 125% of Eta I2, 150% of Eta I3) during one of the main plant growth stages, The distribution of the split plot disign RCPD and three replicates were statistically analyzed and the averages were compared at a lower test Significant difference (LSD) at 5% using the Genistate . Positive results were obtained under the effect of the addition of conditioners mixed with the soil with the highest yield of 8.44-ton h-1and 8.39-ton h-1 for treatment of polymer P2 and P1, respectively, compared with the treatment of comparison A0 where It reached 8.09 tons h-1. The efficiency values of field and crop water increased by increasing the percentage of enhancers, with the highest value for field water use efficiency of 1.44 Kg.m-3 for P1 compared to the minimum efficiency of 1.33 Kg.m-3for O1, while the highest value for crop water use was 1.31 Kg m-3 for P2 compared with the lowest efficiency of O1 treatment at 1.29 Kg m-3. The plant height and dry weight values increased with the increase of the improvement rate. The highest value of plant height was 201.6 cm for the P2 treatment and 8.98 ton h-1 as dry weight for the same treatment compared to the lowest height of 181.7 cm for the treatment O1. The dry weight for the same treatment was 8.73 ton h-1, while the highest value of irrigation treatments was 192 cm for treatment I1. The dry weight of the same treatment was 8.87 ton h-1, compared to the lowest plant height for treatment I3 with 186 cm and the lowest dry weight for the same treatment was 8.7 ton h-1

scholarly journals Screening Wheat Genotypes for Drought Tolerance and Co-relation Study among Morpho-physiological Traits

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 65-77
Author(s):  
Dipendra Pokhrel ◽  
Kiran Baral ◽  
Bishnu R Ojha ◽  
Surya K Ghimirey ◽  
Madhav P Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Use Efficiency

Wheat crop in developing world including Nepal is grown under rainfed condition and thus face moisture stress at one or more growth stages limiting grain yield. An experiment was conducted at Greenhouse to screen the 60 different genotypes of wheat including Nepalese landraces, commercial cultivars CIMMYT derived advanced lines, NWRP derived advanced lines, and three international drought tolerant check cultivars. The wheat genotypes were grown in pots (single plant) arranged in a replicated split plot design under two contrasting moisture regimes, optimum and moisture stressed. The genotypes were evaluated for water use, water use efficiency, plant height, number of tillers and biomass production. The analysis revealed significant variance between environments and among the wheat genotypes for most of these traits. A wide range of variability was observed for water use, water use efficiency, days to anthesis, plant height, number of tillers and biomass yield in both moisture stressed and non stressed environments. Gautam showed superiority than Bhrikuti and Vijaya among Nepalese cultivar for drought adaptive physiological traits. Landrace NPGR 7504 showed high level of water use efficiency and other positive traits for drought adaptation.

scholarly journals Deficit irrigation at different growth stages of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L., cv. Imbabello)

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (spe) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Calvache ◽  
K Reichardt ◽  
O.O.S. Bacchi ◽  
D. Dourado-Neto
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Traditional Management ◽  
Crop Water Use ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Common

To identify specific growth stages of the common bean crop at which the plant is less sensitive to water stress, in which irrigation could be omitted without significant decrease hi final yield, two field experiments were conducted at "La Tola" University Experimental Station, Tumbaco, Pichincha, Ecuador, on a sandy loam soil (Typic Haplustoll). The climate is tempered and dry (mean air temperature 16°C and mean relative humidity 74%, during the cropping season) 123 and 109 mm of rainfall were recorded during the experimental cropping periods (July to October), of 1992 and 1994, respectively. The treatments consisted of combinations of 7 irrigation regimes including normal watering; full stress; (traditional management practice); single stress at vegetative stage; flowering; seed formation and ripening, and of 2 levels of applied N (20 and 80 kg/ha). These 14 treatment combinations were arranged and analysed in a split-plot design with 4 replications. The plot size was 33.6 m² (8 rows, 7 m long) with a plant population of 120,000 pl/ha. Irrigation treatments were started after uniform germination and crop establishment Soil water content was monitored with a neutron probe down to 0.50 m depth, before and 24 h after each irrigation. The actual evapotranspiration of the crop was estimated by the water-balance technique. Field water efficiency and crop water use efficiency were calculated. Yield data showed that the treatments which had irrigation deficit had lower yield than those that had supplementary irrigation. The flowering stage was the most sensitive to water stress. Nitrogen fertilization significantly increased the number of pods and gram yield. Crop water use efficiency (kg/m³) was the lowest with stress at the flowering period, and the yield response factor (Ky) was higher hi treatments of full stress and stress at flowering. In relation to the traditional management practice adopted by farmers, only treatments of normal watering and stress at maturation had 13 and 10% higher crop water use efficiency, respectively.

scholarly journals Water Use Efficiency, Yield and Crop Coefficient (Kc) of Groundnut crop under different Water Regimes

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Aruna KT
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Use Efficiency

The pot experiment was carried out during September 2015 to January 2016 at instructional farm, College of Agricultural Engineering, UAS Raichur under rain shelter to study the effect of different water regimes, (i.e. T1:100, T2:90, T3:80, T4:70, T5:60 and T6:50) per cent of water application with available moisture holding capacity on grain yield and water use efficiency. Completely Randomized block design with four replications was used in this study. The results showed that there was significant difference between the yield and (WUE) under different levels of irrigation. The total irrigation water applied were (i.e., 211.98, 243.02, 225.78, 155.09, 135.51 and 105.62 mm/plant) under different water regime treatments (100, 90, 80, 70, 60 and 50 %) of available moisture holding capacity (AMHC) respectively. Grain yield productions under different treatments were 106.25, 171.25, 127.50, 75, 55 and 40.75 g/plant/pot at 100, 90, 80, 70, 60 and 50 per cent of AMHC respectively. The results showed that water use efficiency (WUE) at different treatments were 0.50, 0.70, 0.56, 0.48, 0.41 and 0.39 g/mm for (100, 90, 80, 70, 60 and 50 %) per cent of AMHC respectively. Therefore, the 90 % of AMHC treatment (T2) is recommended for groundnut irrigation for water saving. The comparison of actual crop coefficient that obtained by water balance technic in experiment and crop coefficient (Kc) values of groundnut for different crop growth stages were selected based on the values suggested by FAO (Allen et al., 1998) are similar in the treatment of 90 % (T2) of the AMHC. Furthermore, the result showed that the treatment of 90 per cent of Available moisture holding capacity (T2) seemed to be better adapted to product a high crop yield with acceptable yield coupling with water use efficiency in this region.

scholarly journals Effects of Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilization on Seed Yield, Yield Components, and Water Use Efficiency of Cleistogenes songorica

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 466
Author(s):  
Qibo Tao ◽  
Mengjie Bai ◽  
Cunzhi Jia ◽  
Yunhua Han ◽  
Yanrong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Grass Seed ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Use Efficiency

Irrigation and nitrogen (N) are two crucial factors affecting perennial grass seed production. To investigate the effects of irrigation and N rate on seed yield (SY), yield components, and water use efficiency (WUE) of Cleistogenes songorica (Roshevitz) Ohwi, an ecologically significant perennial grass, a four-year (2016–2019) field trial was conducted in an arid region of northwestern China. Two irrigation regimes (I1 treatment: irrigation at tillering stage; I2 treatment: irrigation at tillering, spikelet initiation, and early flowering stages) and four N rates (0, 60, 120, 180 kg ha−1) were arranged. Increasing amounts of both irrigation and N improved SY, evapotranspiration, WUE, and related yield components like fertile tillers m−2 (FTSM) and seeds spikelet−1. Meanwhile, no significant difference was observed between 120 and 180 kg N ha−1 treatments for most variables. The highest SY and WUE was obtained with treatment combination of I2 plus 120 kg N ha−1 with four-year average values of 507.3 kg ha−1 and 1.8 kg ha−1 mm−1, respectively. Path coefficient and contribution analysis indicated that FTSM was the most important yield component for SY, with direct path coefficient and contribution coefficient of 0.626 and 0.592. Overall, we recommend I2 treatment (three irrigations) together with 120 kg N ha−1 to both increase SY and WUE, especially in arid regions. Future agronomic managements and breeding programs for seed should mainly focus on FTSM. This study will enable grass seed producers, plant breeders, and government program directors to more effectively target higher SY of C. songorica.

scholarly journals An Analytical View on Water Use Efficiency of Some Main Crops Grown in the Non-costal Parts of Thrace Region

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-57
Author(s):  
Recep Cakir
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
Rainfed Farming ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Thrace Region

The article contains data obtained from evaluations related to irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) and water use efficiency (WUE), for the main crops, irrigated at different stages of growth, on the basis of some findings obtained in the Research Institute in Kırklareli. Each of the experimental crops was sown and farmed following procedures applied by the farmers in the region, except of the irrigation applications which were based on the sensitivity of a certain crop to water shortage in the soil, during the specific growth stages. Similar procedures were applied and all the experimental treatments were irrigated at growth stages, as predicted in the research methodology, and water amounts required to fill the 0-90 cm soil depth to field capacity were implied. Evaluation data obtained from the field experiments with three major crops, grown on the non-coastal lands of Thrace Region showed, that the productivity of irrigation water, as well as water use efficiencies of all analysed crops, are growth stage controlled. The highest IWUE and WUE efficiencies of 0.87 and 0.92 kg da-1 m-3; and 1.08 kg da-1 m-3 and 0.81 kg da-1 m-3; were determined for wheat and sunflower crops, irrigated at booting and flowering stages, respectively. Each m3 of irrigation water, applied during the most sensitive fruit formation stage (Ff) of pumpkin crop, provided additionally 8.47 kg da-1 fruit yield, 8.09 fruit numbers and 0.28 kg da-1 seed yields, more than those of rainfed farming (R).

scholarly journals High-Throughput Phenotyping of Crop Water Use Efficiency via Multispectral Drone Imagery and a Daily Soil Water Balance Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Thorp ◽  
Alison Thompson ◽  
Sara Harders ◽  
Andrew French ◽  
Richard Ward
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Crop Water Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

Improvement of crop water use efficiency (CWUE), defined as crop yield per volume of water used, is an important goal for both crop management and breeding. While many technologies have been developed for measuring crop water use in crop management studies, rarely have these techniques been applied at the scale of breeding plots. The objective was to develop a high-throughput methodology for quantifying water use in a cotton breeding trial at Maricopa, AZ, USA in 2016 and 2017, using evapotranspiration (ET) measurements from a co-located irrigation management trial to evaluate the approach. Approximately weekly overflights with an unmanned aerial system provided multispectral imagery from which plot-level fractional vegetation cover ( f c ) was computed. The f c data were used to drive a daily ET-based soil water balance model for seasonal crop water use quantification. A mixed model statistical analysis demonstrated that differences in ET and CWUE could be discriminated among eight cotton varieties ( p < 0 . 05 ), which were sown at two planting dates and managed with four irrigation levels. The results permitted breeders to identify cotton varieties with more favorable water use characteristics and higher CWUE, indicating that the methodology could become a useful tool for breeding selection.

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