scholarly journals 24 Hours Urinary Hydroxyproline - A Noninvasive, Cost-Effective and Early Biochemical Marker Which May be Used to Screen the Osteoporotic Lesion in Postmenopausal Women

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Mousumi Das ◽  
Utpal Kumar Biswas ◽  
Arun Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Bone Turnover ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Biochemical Marker ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Biochemical Bone Marker ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Urinary Hydroxyproline ◽  
Non Invasive

Introduction: Osteoporosis results due increased rate of bone turnover. It has multifactorial etiology and most common in women after menopause. Objective: The current study was aimed to assess the rate of bone turnover towards detection of osteoporotic changes by measuring 24 hours urinary hydroxyproline which is an early as well as non- invasive biochemical bone marker. Methods: Urinary hydroxyproline was measured in 40 postmenopausal women and compared with similar number of premenopausal women as controls. Results: 24 hours urinary hydroxyproline levels were significantly higher (p<0.001) in postmenopausal women than premenopausal groups. This indicates a higher rate of bone turnover suggesting osteoporotic changes. 24 hour urinary hydroxyproline is also positively correlated (r= 0.934) with age. Conclusion: The present study suggests that measurement of 24 hours urinary hydroxyproline which is a cost-effective and non- invasive technique, may be used for screening and early detection of osteoporotic changes in women of postmenopausal age group.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i4.11853 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(4) 2015 21-24   

scholarly journals Evaluation of Calcium and Alkaline Phosphatase in the Salivary Samples of Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women

2020 ◽  
pp. 157-163
Author(s):  
Keerthana Baskar ◽  
Sreedevi Dharman
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Commercial Kits ◽  
Post Menopausal

The quality of life for women after menopause is one of the key health issues today. Rapid bone loss occurs in post-menopausal women due to hormonal factors that lead to an increased risk of fractures. The aim of the study is to evaluate the calcium and Alkaline phosphate levels (ALP) in the salivary samples of premenopausal and postmenopausal women. The study was conducted with a sample size of 30, with 15 samples from premenopausal women belonging to the age group of 40-46 years and 15 samples from postmenopausal women aged more than 50 years. Calcium and alkaline phosphatase levels were estimated using the commercial kits available which were Spinreact and Accucare alkaline phosphatase respectively. The statistical analysis was done using independent t-test. Saliva was stimulated and biochemical analysis of these salivary samples was done to evaluate the calcium and alkaline phosphatase. Mean salivary calcium in premenopausal women was found to be 7.37±1.141 mg/dl and in postmenopausal women it was found to be  5.19±1.141mg/dl,P=0.000(p<0.05). Mean salivary ALP levels in premenopausal women was found to be 10.81±3.295 mg/dl and in postmenopausal women was found to be 33.58±3.295 mg/dl, P=0.001(p <0.05), hence statistically significant. Within the limitations of the study, it was found that  calcium were found to be significantly more in premenopausal women when compared to postmenopausal women, while alkaline phosphatase levels were increased in postmenopausal women when compared to premenopausal women. Hence, salivary calcium and ALP levels can be used as biomarkers for diagnosis of bone diseases as it is a non-invasive technique.

scholarly journals Rapid identification of wood species using XRF and neural network machine learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron N. Shugar ◽  
B. Lee Drake ◽  
Greg Kelley
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Wood Species ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative

AbstractAn innovative approach for the rapid identification of wood species is presented. By combining X-ray fluorescence spectrometry with convolutional neural network machine learning, 48 different wood specimens were clearly differentiated and identified with a 99% accuracy. Wood species identification is imperative to assess illegally logged and transported lumber. Alternative options for identification can be time consuming and require some level of sampling. This non-invasive technique offers a viable, cost-effective alternative to rapidly and accurately identify timber in efforts to support environmental protection laws and regulations.

Nyctohemeral changes in bone turnover assessed by serum bone Gla-protein concentration and urinary deoxypyridinoline excretion: effects of growth and ageing

1992 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Eastell ◽  
Patricia S. Simmons ◽  
Antony Colwell ◽  
Adel M. A. Assiri ◽  
Mary F. Burritt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Turnover ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Bone Gla Protein ◽  
Night Time

1. To investigate whether there is a nyctohemeral rhythm in bone turnover, we measured serum bone Gla-protein (osteocalcin, an index of osteoblast activity) concentration every 2 h and urinary deoxypyridinoline (a marker of bone collagen resorption) excretion for 8 h periods in 10 pubertal girls (aged 10–14 years), 15 premenopausal women (aged 20–49 years) and 17 postmenopausal women (aged 50–75 years). 2. The serum concentration of bone Gla-protein and the urinary excretion of deoxypyridinoline were five times higher in the pubertal girls than in the premenopausal women. The urinary excretion of deoxypyridinoline in the postmenopausal women was twice that in the premenopausal women. 3. There was a nyctohemeral pattern in all age groups with mean night-time increases of 28% (P<0.001) in the urinary excretion of deoxypyridinoline and of 5% (P<0.001) in the serum bone Gla-protein concentration. 4. There also were nyctohemeral patterns in the urinary excretion of calcium (P<0.02), sodium (P<0.001) and potassium (P<0.001), with decreases at night. There was a negative correlation between the night-time changes in the urinary excretion of deoxypyridinoline and calcium, especially in adult women (P<0.01). 5. The serum level of parathyroid hormone increased with age, but this effect was only observed at night (01.00 to 07.00 hours). There was a nyctohemeral rhythm of the serum intact parathyroid hormone level at all ages, with a peak in the afternoon and night. 6. Thus, at night, there is a large increase in bone resorption and a small increase in osteoblastic activity, representing a nyctohemeral rhythm of bone turnover. Although the amplitudes of bone formation and bone resorption are greater during growth, the pattern of nyctohemeral changes present during growth continues up to the age of 75 years.

Bone Metabolism and Osteoporosis

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary Hannon ◽  
Richard Eastell
Keyword(s):  
Bone Turnover ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Preventative Therapy ◽  
Inexpensive Method ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Established Osteoporosis ◽  
Markers Of Bone Turnover

Increased bone turnover in the postmenopausal years is a major factor in the development of osteoporosis. Biochemical markers of bone turnover represent a non-invasive, repeatable and relatively inexpensive method of assessing bone turnover. Evidence to date suggests that the most useful role for these markers in the management of individual postmenopausal women will be to monitor early response to preventative therapy or treatment for established osteoporosis.

scholarly journals Autofluorescence Imaging of the Skin Is an Objective Non-Invasive Technique for Diagnosing Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 260
Author(s):  
Klára Farkas ◽  
Szabolcs Bozsányi ◽  
Dóra Plázár ◽  
András Bánvölgyi ◽  
Luca Fésűs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Autofluorescence Imaging ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
In Vivo Diagnostics

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a rare multisystemic autosomal recessive connective tissue disease. In most cases, skin manifestations of PXE are the first to develop, followed later by severe ocular and cardiovascular complications. In our present study, in addition to dermoscopy, we introduced novel techniques, autofluorescence (AF) and diffuse reflectance (DR) imaging for the assessment of affected skin sites of five PXE patients. PXE-affected skin areas in most skin sites showed a previously observed pattern upon dermoscopic examination. With the novel imaging, PXE-affected skin lesions displayed high AF intensity. During our measurements, significantly higher mean, minimum and maximum AF intensity values were found in areas of PXE-affected skin when compared to uninvolved skin. Conversely, images acquired with the use of 660 and 940 nm illumination showed no mentionable difference. Our results demonstrate that AF imaging may be used in the in vivo diagnostics and quantification of the severity of the skin lesions of PXE patients. In addition, it is a safe, fast and cost-effective diagnostic method. AF imaging may be also used to objectively monitor the efficacy of the possible novel therapeutic approaches of PXE in the future.

Evaluation of Diagnostic Performance of Machine Learning Algorithms to Classify the Fetal Heart Rate Baseline from Cardiotocograph

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Visual Estimation ◽  
Altman Plot ◽  
Non Invasive

Cardiotocography (CTG) is the widely used cost-effective, non-invasive technique to monitor the fetal heart and mother’s uterine contraction pressure to assess the wellbeing of the fetus. The most important parameters of fetal heart is the baseline upon which the other parameters viz. acceleration, deceleration and variability depend. Accurate classification of the baseline into either normal, bradycardia or tachycardia is thus important to assess the fetal-health. Since visual estimation has its limitations, the authors use various Machine Learning Algorithms to classify the baseline. 110 CTG traces from CTU-UHB dataset, were divided into three subsets using stratified sampling to ensure that the sample is the accurate depiction of the population. The results were analyzed using various statistical methods and compared with the visual estimation by three obstetricians. FURIA provided greatest accuracy of 98.11%. From the analysis of Bland-Altman Plot FURIA was also found to have best agreement with physicians’ estimation.

scholarly journals Performing Calibration of Transmittance by Single RGB-LED within the Visible Spectrum

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 3492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Carreres-Prieto ◽  
Juan T. García ◽  
Fernando Cerdán-Cartagena ◽  
Juan Suardiaz-Muro
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Calibration Procedure ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Optical Elements ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Sewer Network ◽  
Incandescent Lamps

Spectrophotometry has proven to be an effective non-invasive technique for the characterization of the pollution load of sewer systems, enabling compliance with new environmental protection regulations. This type of equipment has costs and an energy consumption which make it difficult to place it inside a sewer network for real-time and massive monitoring. These shortcomings are mainly due to the use of incandescent lamps to generate the working spectrum as they often require the use of optical elements, such as diffraction gratings, to work. The search for viable alternatives to incandescent lamps is key to the development of portable equipment that is cheaper and with a lower consumption that can be used in different points of the sewer network. This research work achieved the following results in terms of the measured samples: First, the development a calibration procedure that enables the use of RGB-LED technology as a viable alternative to incandescent lamps, within the range of 510 to 645 nm, with high accuracy. Secondly, demonstration of a simple method to model the transmittance value of a specific wavelength without the need for optical elements, achieving a cost-effective equipment. Thirdly, it provides a simple method to obtain the transmittance based on the combination of RGB colors. Finally its viability is demonstrated for the spectral analysis of wastewater.

Plasma Levels of Protein S, Protein C, and Factor X: Effects of Sex, Hormonal State and Age

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (05) ◽  
pp. 1271-1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
C M A Henkens ◽  
V J J Bom ◽  
W van der Schaaf ◽  
P M Pelsma ◽  
C Th Smit Sibinga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Protein C ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Protein S ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factor X ◽  
Normal Ranges

SummaryWe measured total and free protein S (PS), protein C (PC) and factor X (FX) in 393 healthy blood donors to assess differences in relation to sex, hormonal state and age. All measured proteins were lower in women as compared to men, as were levels in premenopausal women as compared to postmenopausal women. Multiple regression analysis showed that both age and subgroup (men, pre- and postmenopausal women) were of significance for the levels of total and free PS and PC, the subgroup effect being caused by the differences between the premenopausal women and the other groups. This indicates a role of sex-hormones, most likely estrogens, in the regulation of levels of pro- and anticoagulant factors under physiologic conditions. These differences should be taken into account in daily clinical practice and may necessitate different normal ranges for men, pre- and postmenopausal women.

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