scholarly journals Economic Benefits of Foreign Sourced Germplasm in Domestic Crop Improvement Program: A Case of an Improved Khumal-4 Rice Variety in Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 107-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Gauchan ◽  
K P Pant ◽  
B K Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Rice Variety ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
International Exchange ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Economic Surplus ◽  
Rice Area ◽  
Multilateral System ◽  
Yield Gain

This study assesses economic benefits of international exchange and flow of key rice germplasm in Nepal under globally operated multilateral system of facilitated access using a case of an improved rice variety Khumal-4. Khumal-4 rice is popular and widely grown in mid hills region of Nepal which was developed by crossing a high yielding dwarf foreign sourced germplasm IR-28 with a local Nepali variety Pokharilo Masino. Economic benefits of Khumal-4 rice adoption and impact was analysed using economic surplus model, where additional productivity and profitability gained from developing Khumal-4 was estimated in monetary value in comparison with existing farmers’ variety Pokharilo masino. The finding showed that Khumal-4 covered 9% of rice area in the mid-hills and 7% in the mountains during year 2010-12 years covering about 40 thousand hectares of rice area. Data show that there is a clear yield gain of 1.25 mt per hectare with cost in rice yield equivalent when farmers switch from traditional Pokhareli Masino to improved Khumal-4 variety. Estimation of additional revenue per hectare with total adoption area of Khumal-4 in prevailing market price in Nepal was NRs 1.07 billion (US $ 11 million) per annum. This is reasonable economic benefits obtained annually from flow of foreign sourced genes (IR-28) for the development of an improved Khumal-4 rice variety in Nepal. This finding indicates that access to foreign germplasm is important for ensuring national food security and gaining higher economic benefits in the country.Agronomy Journal of Nepal (Agron JN) vol. 4, 2016

scholarly journals Genetic variability for grain yield and yield associated traits in transplant Aman rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-213
Author(s):  
Mashtura Begum ◽  
Md Amir Hossain ◽  
Fakir Muhammad Munawar Hossain ◽  
Ahmed Khairul Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
Planting Materials

For any crop improvement program, it is imperative to assess the grain yield progress of the existing crop varieties to find the further avenue to out yield the existing superior ones. Therefore, an experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh from July to December 2013 to find out the genetic variation for grain yield and their associated traits of transplant Aman rice varieties. The experiment consisted of 11 varieties viz. Bashiraj, Binadhan-7, BR10, BR11, BR22, BR23, BRRIdhan32, BRRIdhan39, BRRIdhan49, BRRIdhan57 and IR64. The high yielding Bangladeshi varieties were selected based on their releasing year with a local and one exotic T. Aman rice varieties. Among the varieties, BR10 produced the highest grain yield (3.83 t ha-1). Binadhan-7 rice variety recorded the highest chlorophyll content (39.93 SPAD value) at 29DAT, (44 SPAD value) at 39 DAT and (47.30 SPAD value) at 49 DAT. The highest phenotypic (1491.81) and genotypic (1147.26) variances and genetic advance (61.19) were obtained from spikelets panicle-1 and this parameter had greater ability to increase yield. Among the traits, the highest heritability was recorded by effective tillers hill-1 (87.91%) which influenced the grain yield. Therefore, it may be concluded that the variety BR10 of transplant Aman rice produced maximum grain yield, spikelets panicle-1, showed high phenotypic and genotypic variances and genetic advance. Bashiraj, BRRIdhan49 and BRRIdhan57 also can be considered as planting materials as their yield performance is close to BR 10. Therefore, the findings of the present study will help the breeders for further yield improvement of rice.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.2(2): 207-213, August 2015

scholarly journals The effect of mineral fertilisers and farmyard manure on grain and straw yield, quality and economical parameters of winter wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 249-256
Author(s):  
Lukáš Hlisnikovský ◽  
Milan Vach ◽  
Zdeněk Abrhám ◽  
Ladislav Mensik ◽  
Eva Kunzová
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Technology And Economy ◽  
And Control ◽  
Technological Methods

In the years 2011–2014, winter wheat grain yield, qualitative and economic parameters were evaluated according to different fertiliser treatments: (1) control: unfertilised treatment; (2) farmyard manure (FYM) and (3) FYM + NPK (farmyard manure applied together with mineral NPK). The highest yields (8.10 t/ha) were recorded in the FYM + NPK treatment, while significantly lower yields (6.20 t/ha and 5.73 t/ha) were recorded in FYM and control treatments, respectively. Similarly, statistically significantly higher values of the quality parameters were found in the FYM + NPK treatment (13.55% of crude protein content and 43.56 mL of Zeleny’s sedimentation test), compared to control (10% and 22.44 mL, respectively). The modelling expert system (AGROTEKIS-Crop Technology and Economy) was used for the evaluation of economy. This software is based on technological methods of cultivation and norms of material input costs and costs of individual mechanised works. The economic benefits and profitability were evaluated for three different levels of grain market price. The highest gross profit per ha was recorded in the FYM + NPK treatment. According to the gross profit, the control treatment provided better results than the FYM treatment.

scholarly journals Population structure and genetic diversity analysis in Sali (Oryza sativa) rice germplasm of Assam using microsatellite markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-286
Author(s):  
Sandhani Saikia ◽  
Pratap Jyoti Handique ◽  
Mahendra K Modi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Information Index ◽  
Improvement Programs

Genetic diversity is the source of novel allelic combinations that can be efficiently utilized in any crop improvement program. To facilitate future crop improvement programs in rice, a study was designed to identify the underlying genetic variations in the Sali rice germplasms of Assam using SSR markers. The 129 SSR markers that were used in the study amplified a total of 765 fragments with an average of 5.93 alleles per locus. The Shannon's Information Index was found to be in the range from 0.533 to 1.786. The Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) fell into the range from 0.304 to 0.691 with a mean value of 0.55. The overall FST value was found to be 0.519 that indicated the presence of genetic differentiation amongst the genotypes used in the study. The Sali population was divided into two clusters. The information obtained from the present study will facilitate the genetic improvement of Sali rice cultivars.

scholarly journals Economic valuation and mapping of Ecosystem Services in the context of protected area management (Natural Park of Serra de São Mamede, Portugal)

One Ecosystem ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Marta-Pedroso ◽  
Lia Laporta ◽  
Ivo Gama ◽  
Tiago Domingos
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Natural Park

Demonstrating economic benefits generated by protected areas is often pointed out as pivotal for supporting decision-making. We argue in this paper that the concept of ecosystem services (ES), defined as the benefits humans derive from ecosystems, provides a consistent framework to approach this issue as it links ecosystem functioning and benefits, including benefits with economic value. This study aimed at providing evidence on how to bring the economic value of protected areas to the decision-making process and contributing to extend current EU Member States' experience in mapping and assessing the economic value of ES in the context of the EU Biodiversity Strategy to 2020 (Action 5). In doing so, we used the Natural Park of Serra de S. Mamede (PNSSM), located in the Alentejo NUTS II region, as a case study. We followed a three-step approach to pursue our goals, entailing stakeholders' engagement for selecting relevant ES (through a participatory workshop), biophysical mapping of ES flows (based on a multi-tiered approach depending on data availability) and spatial economic estimation of such flows (using value transfer, willingness-to-pay and market price methods). Our results indicate that the ES with highest economic value are not always the ones with higher perceived value by stakeholders. For most ES, the economic value increased with increasing protection level within the park, except for the crop production service. Although no formal uncertainty or sensitivity analysis has been performed, the following range is based on a critical assessment of non-primary data used. We estimated the aggregate annual value of PNSSM to be 11 to 33M€/year (representing 0.1 to 0.3% of the regional NUTSII Alentejo Gross Domestic Product). Our findings reinforce the need to adopt mixes of monetary and non-monetary valuation processes and not to rely just on one approach or measure of value while bringing ES into protected areas management.

scholarly journals Induced Traffic and its Treatment in the Evaluation of Motorway Projects

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 459-465
Author(s):  
Ljubiša Kuzović ◽  
Dražen Topolnik ◽  
Draženko Glavić
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Economic Surplus ◽  
Highway Projects ◽  
Time Savings ◽  
Coefficient Of Elasticity

The purpose of this paper is to define factors that influence the emergence of induced i.e. generated traffic for experts involved in highway feasibility studies. An explanation of the practical methods for forecasting generated traffic is done by reviewing international experiences in the relevant literature. Also, the idea underlying this paper is to explain the different treatments of generated traffic in evaluating highway projects with no tolls, which is based on socio-economic aspects versus the evaluation of highway projects with tolls, which is based on financial aspects. Finally, we propose that since it is hard to measure the economic benefits from indirect effects (in the evaluation of socio-economic aspects) the evaluators could determine the economic benefits of the generated traffic using the same procedure as for normal traffic. KEYWORDS: induced traffic (generated traffic), normal traffic, coefficient of elasticity, time savings, vehicle operating cost (VOC) savings, the economic surplus

Graft is good: the economic and environmental benefits of grafted naranjilla in the Andean region

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinna Clements ◽  
Jeffrey Alwang ◽  
Victor Barrera ◽  
Juan Manuel Dominguez
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Outreach Program ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Economic Surplus ◽  
Potential Market ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Resistant Rootstock ◽  
Market Benefits

AbstractNaranjilla cultivation is highly profitable in many parts of the Andean foothills in Colombia and Ecuador. Its susceptibility to soil-borne diseases, however, lowers its economic benefits, reduces sustainability of production and increases its contribution to environmental degradation. This paper presents an analysis of the potential market and non-market benefits of research that developed and tested the grafting of common naranjilla onto disease-resistant rootstock. Grafting reduces the need for pesticide application and increases the longevity and sustainability of the plant. An economic surplus approach, carefully calibrated to reflect the realities of naranjilla production, was employed to show the large benefits from such research. Environmental and health benefits are very close in magnitude to market-mediated surplus gains. The results show substantial potential benefits from an outreach program to diffuse the new technology.

Post-implementation challenges of fair value measurement (IFRS 13): some empirical evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-607
Author(s):  
Babajide Oyewo
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Reporting Standard ◽  
International Financial Reporting Standard ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Audit Firm ◽  
Implementation Challenges

PurposeConsequent on the widespread of fair value (FV) accounting with the coming into effect of International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) 13, this study investigated the post-implementation challenges of FV measurement from the perspective of auditors in Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachData collection was through a structured-questionnaire administered on auditors from diverse audit firm backgrounds in terms of size, international affiliation and global presence. Statistical techniques such as cluster analysis, factor analysis and ANOVA were applied to analyse data obtained from 277 respondents.FindingsIt was observed that the severest challenge of FV measurement bothers on the paucity of information for valuation of items. The magnitude of the challenges of applying FV measurement in various industry sectors appears similar. Although audit firm attributes affect perception on the challenges, there is concurrence among auditors that manipulation of values of assets/liabilities with no market price during estimation, leveraging on non-availability of market information on assets/liabilities by managers to manipulate financial statements, inappropriateness/non-compliance of valuation methods with IFRS 13, and low level of awareness among preparers of financial reports are notable post-implementation challenges of FV measurement.Practical implicationsConsidering that the adoption of IFRS 13 impliedly places responsibilities on countries applying the standard to develop institutional structures that facilitate the valuation of items using FV measurement, it seems the establishment of such apparatus may be a sine qua non for fully realising the socio-economic benefits of applying FV accounting.Originality/valueThe study contributes to knowledge by exposing the practical challenges of FV measurement and accounting estimates typical of a developing country that has fully implemented international accounting standards. Moreover, findings from this study could be compared with the result of investigations conducted in other jurisdictions to gain a deeper and wider insight into the challenges of FV measurement with a view to proffering solutions to the post-implementation challenges of IFRS 13.

scholarly journals Marker-Assisted Introgression of Saltol QTL Enhances Seedling Stage Salt Tolerance in the Rice Variety “Pusa Basmati 1”

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Kumar Singh ◽  
Brahma Deo Singh ◽  
Amit Kumar ◽  
Sadhna Maurya ◽  
Subbaiyan Gopala Krishnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Basmati Rice ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Foreground Selection

Marker-assisted selection is an unequivocal translational research tool for crop improvement in the genomics era. Pusa Basmati 1 (PB1) is an elite Indian Basmati rice cultivar sensitive to salinity. Here, we report enhanced seedling stage salt tolerance in improved PB1 genotypes developed through marker-assisted transfer of a major QTL, Saltol. A highly salt tolerant line, FL478, was used as the Saltol donor. Parental polymorphism survey using 456 microsatellite (SSR)/QTL-linked markers revealed 14.3% polymorphism between PB1 and FL478. Foreground selection was carried out using three Saltol-linked polymorphic SSR markers RM8094, RM493, and RM10793 and background selection by 62 genome-wide polymorphic SSR markers. In every backcross generation, foreground selection was restricted to the triple heterozygotes of foreground markers, which was followed by phenotypic and background selections. Twenty-four near isogenic lines (NILs), with recurrent parent genome recovery of 96.0–98.4%, were selected after two backcrosses followed by three selfing generations. NILs exhibited agronomic traits similar to those of PB1 and additional improvement in the seedling stage salt tolerance. They are being tested for per se performance under salt-affected locations for release as commercial varieties. These NILs appear promising for enhancing rice production in salinity-affected pockets of Basmati Geographical Indication (GI) areas of India.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Upland Rice Germplasm in Malaysia Based on Quantitative Traits

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sohrabi ◽  
M. Y. Rafii ◽  
M. M. Hanafi ◽  
A. Siti Nor Akmar ◽  
M. A. Latif
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Flag Leaf Length

Genetic diversity is prerequisite for any crop improvement program as it helps in the development of superior recombinants. Fifty Malaysian upland rice accessions were evaluated for 12 growth traits, yield and yield components. All of the traits were significant and highly significant among the accessions. The higher magnitudes of genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were recorded for flag leaf length-to-width ratio, spikelet fertility, and days to flowering. High heritability along with high genetic advance was registered for yield of plant, days to flowering, and flag leaf length-to-width ratio suggesting preponderance of additive gene action in the gene expression of these characters. Plant height showed highly significant positive correlation with most of the traits. According to UPGMA cluster analysis all accessions were clustered into six groups. Twelve morphological traits provided around 77% of total variation among the accessions.

scholarly journals Legacy genetics of Arachis cardenasii in the peanut crop shows the profound benefits of international seed exchange

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (38) ◽  
pp. e2104899118
Author(s):  
David J. Bertioli ◽  
Josh Clevenger ◽  
Ignacio J. Godoy ◽  
H. T. Stalker ◽  
Shona Wood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Wild Accession ◽  
Seed Exchange ◽  
Peanut Crop ◽  
World Food Security

The narrow genetics of most crops is a fundamental vulnerability to food security. This makes wild crop relatives a strategic resource of genetic diversity that can be used for crop improvement and adaptation to new agricultural challenges. Here, we uncover the contribution of one wild species accession, Arachis cardenasii GKP 10017, to the peanut crop (Arachis hypogaea) that was initiated by complex hybridizations in the 1960s and propagated by international seed exchange. However, until this study, the global scale of the dispersal of genetic contributions from this wild accession had been obscured by the multiple germplasm transfers, breeding cycles, and unrecorded genetic mixing between lineages that had occurred over the years. By genetic analysis and pedigree research, we identified A. cardenasii–enhanced, disease-resistant cultivars in Africa, Asia, Oceania, and the Americas. These cultivars provide widespread improved food security and environmental and economic benefits. This study emphasizes the importance of wild species and collaborative networks of international expertise for crop improvement. However, it also highlights the consequences of the implementation of a patchwork of restrictive national laws and sea changes in attitudes regarding germplasm that followed in the wake of the Convention on Biological Diversity. Today, the botanical collections and multiple seed exchanges which enable benefits such as those revealed by this study are drastically reduced. The research reported here underscores the vital importance of ready access to germplasm in ensuring long-term world food security.

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