scholarly journals Distribution of Bombus haemorrhoidalis Smith and its Interrelationship with Host Plants in Chitwan Annapurna Landscape of Central Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
Kishor Chandra Ghimire ◽  
Daya Ram Bhusal
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Plant Family ◽  
Central Nepal ◽  
Biological Relationship ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Distribution Frequency

Occurrence and variety of flowering host plant of native Bombus pollinators are viewed as basicalternatives than the imported species. The use of native bumblebee species for pollination wasconsidered more significant than imported bumblebees to reduce environmental impact and pestproblems. B. haemorrhoidalis is the most dominant species of Chitwan Annapurna Landscape inagricultural and wild flora during April to September 2019. We followed assessable walking trailsand used insect net for sample collection. The effect of different environmental variables on the floralhost plant resources of this native bumblebee was examined. With eight locations ranging from 1407to 2506 meters above sea level, twenty-seven species of seventeen plant families were identified aspollen and nectar foraging host plants. B haemorrhidalis distribution frequency is correlated withrelative humidity (0.07438968) and altitude (0.495657857). The most visited plant family wasBalsaminaceae and plant was Imatian scrabida. This study gives the knowledge of abundance of hostplants, ecological and biological relationship of the B. haemorrhoidalis in Nepal

Virus Vector Relationship of Yellow Mosaic Virus and Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in Soybean

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Swathi ◽  
Neeta Gaur ◽  
Kamendra Singh
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Virus Vector ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Starvation Period ◽  
Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Biological Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of

Background: Whitefly is one of the most destructive sucking pest in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world and causing significant crop losses directly by sucking sap from the plants and indirectly through the transmission of viral diseases specifically caused by the genus Begomovirus. The Begomovirus species viz., Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) and Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) are causing yellow mosaic virus disease in soybean, which is transmitted by whiteflies. The disease accounts to 30-70 per cent yield loss and increases up to 80 - 100 per cent during severe incidence. Hence, there is a need for development of integrated pest management strategies against disease and whiteflies, for this the knowledge on virus-vector relationship is required. But, the studies on biological relationship of yellow mosaic virus disease and whitefly in soybean are scarce. At this juncture, considering the importance of disease in soybean, the present investigation was carried out to know the virus -vector relationship of the YMV and whitefly in soybean.Methods: The experiment on virus-vector relationship of yellow mosaic virus and whitefly in soybean was conducted at Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand during 2016-17. The data on number of whiteflies per plant, acquisition and inoculation access feeding period and pre and post starvation period required for effective transmission of virus was recorded.Result: A single viruliferous whitefly was able to transmit virus and ten viruliferous whiteflies per plant were required for cent per cent transmission of virus. The minimum acquisition access and inoculation access feeding periods required for virus transmission was 0.25h (15 min) each; while the 100 per cent virus transmission was recorded with acquisition and inoculation period of 12h, each. The per cent transmission was increased with the increase of acquisition and inoculation periods. The rate of transmission was positively correlated with pre-acquisition starvation period and negatively correlated with post- acquisition starvation period.

scholarly journals Pseudasphondylia tominagai, a new gall midge species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) inducing flower bud galls on Eleutherococcus spinosus (Araliaceae) in Japan

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman Elsayed ◽  
Junichi Yukawa ◽  
Makoto Tokuda
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
A New Species

The genus Pseudasphondylia (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae: Asphondyliini: Asphondyliina) comprises ten Palearctic, Oriental and Australian species associated with various hosts belonging to at least ten plant families. A new species, Pseudasphondyliatominagai Elsayed & Tokuda n. sp., that induces flower bud galls on Eleutherococcusspinosus (L.f.) S.Y.Hu (Araliaceae) is described. This species is considered to alternate between host plants seasonally. A key to males of known Pseudasphondylia species is provided.

What drives plant biodiversity in the clay floodplain grasslands of NSW?

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Lewis ◽  
Peter J. Clarke ◽  
Ralph D. B. Whalley ◽  
Nick Reid
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Flood Frequency ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Plant Biodiversity ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Plant Families

An assessment of the relative influences of management and environment on the composition of floodplain grasslands of north-western New South Wales was made using a regional vegetation survey sampling a range of land tenures (e.g. private property, travelling stock routes and nature reserves). A total of 364 taxa belonging to 55 different plant families was recorded. Partitioning of variance with redundancy analysis determined that environmental variables accounted for a greater proportion (61.3%) of the explained variance in species composition than disturbance-related variables (37.6%). Soil type (and fertility), sampling time and rainfall had a strong influence on species composition and there were also east–west variations in composition across the region. Of the disturbance-related variables, cultivation, stocking rate and flooding frequency were all influential. Total, native, forb, shrub and subshrub richness were positively correlated with increasing time since cultivation. Flood frequency was positively correlated with graminoid species richness and was negatively correlated with total and forb species richness. Site species richness was also influenced by environmental variables (e.g. soil type and rainfall). Despite the resilience of these grasslands, some forms of severe disturbance (e.g. several years of cultivation) can result in removal of some dominant perennial grasses (e.g. Astrebla spp.) and an increase in disturbance specialists. A simple heuristic transitional model is proposed that has conceptual thresholds for plant biodiversity status. This knowledge representation may be used to assist in the management of these grasslands by defining four broad levels of community richness and the drivers that change this status.

scholarly journals A review of the endemic Hawaiian Drosophilidae and their host plants

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1728 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
KARL N. MAGNACCA ◽  
DAVID FOOTE ◽  
PATRICK M. O’GRADY
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Ecological Specialization ◽  
Primary Host ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Insight Into

The Hawaiian Drosophilidae is one of the best examples of rapid speciation in nature. Nearly 1,000 species of endemic drosophilids have evolved in situ in Hawaii since a single colonist arrived over 25 million years ago. A number of mechanisms, including ecological adaptation, sexual selection, and geographic isolation, have been proposed to explain the evolution of this hyperdiverse group of species. Here, we examine the known ecological associations of 326 species of endemic Hawaiian Drosophilidae in light of the phylogenetic relationships of these species. Our analysis suggests that the long-accepted belief of strict ecological specialization in this group does not hold for all taxa. While many species have a primary host plant family, females will also oviposit on non-preferred host plant taxa. Host shifting is fairly common in some groups, especially the grimshawi and modified mouthparts species groups of Drosophila, and the Scaptomyza subgenus Elmomyza. Associations with types of substrates (bark, leaves, flowers) are more evolutionarily conserved than associations with host plant families. These data not only give us insight into the role ecology has played in the evolution of this large group, but can help in making decisions about the management of rare and endangered host plants and the insects that rely upon them for survival.

A new species of Herminium (Orchidoideae, Orchidaceae) from Nepal

Phytotaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
BHAKTA BAHADUR RASKOTI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Alpine Regions ◽  
Central Nepal ◽  
A New Species

  Herminium Linnaeus (1758: 251) is a genus of about 30 species, which are collectively distributed mainly inthe Himalayas with few species extending into Europe, central Asia, and southeastern Asia (Pridgeon et al. 2001, Pearce & Cribb 2002, Chen et al. 2009). The genus is characterized by its terrestrial or rarely epiphytic habitat, a concave lip base that is not auriculate and does not have any glands, a lip 2–3 (–5) that is lobed, not spurred and a bilobed stigma with an obscure rostellum. Nepal has nine species of Herminium, which are distributed in the subtropical to alpine regions (Hara et al. 1978, Banerji 1984, Banerji & Pradhan 1984, Press et al. 2000, Department of Plant Resources 2001, Rajbhandari & Dahal 2004; Rajbhandari & Baral 2010). During field work in 2012 in Chandragiri, central Nepal, another species of Herminium was collected, the characteristics of which do not match with any previously described species of the genus. It is illustrated and described here as new.

Genome size variation and endopolyploidy in the diverse succulent plant family Aizoaceae

2020 ◽  
Vol 194 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-68
Author(s):  
Robyn F Powell ◽  
Laura Pulido Suarez ◽  
Anthony R Magee ◽  
James S Boatwright ◽  
Maxim V Kapralov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Cape Floristic Region ◽  
Genome Size Variation ◽  
Rapid Radiation ◽  
Plant Family ◽  
Succulent Plant ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Plant Families

Abstract Aizoaceae are one of the most diverse succulent plant families in the world, with c. 2 400 species, and they are a major component of the Greater Cape Floristic Region of South Africa. Despite this diversity, genome size (GS) has only been recorded in three of the c. 144 genera of Aizoaceae. This study provides the first comprehensive assessment of GS in the family with 109 genera measured (76% of genera). GS (2C) is conserved in Aizoaceae, varying from 0.54 to 6.34 pg (0.53–6.20 Gbp), with a mean of 2.6 pg. No significant differences between GS and the ecological and environmental traits tested were recovered. Infrageneric GS was explored in the most diverse stoneplant genus, Conophytum, and was found to be extremely conserved [0.98–2.24 pg (1C)]. Furthermore, the extent of endoreduplication in Conophytum was determined across 46 species. Leaf and flower tissues of Conophytum are highly polysomatic and ploidy states of 2C–64C were typically observed across the genus, with some instances of 128C. The relatively conserved and small GS measured across Aizoaceae and in Conophytum is possibly linked to the recent and rapid radiation of the family.

Performance of the Tobacco Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) on Various Host Plants

1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Semtner ◽  
William M. Tilson ◽  
Surendra K. Dara
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
The United States ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Myzus Nicotianae ◽  
Solanum Americanum ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Tobacco Aphid

The tobacco aphid, Myzus nicotianae Blackman, is a major pest of tobacco in the United States. It was separated from the green peach aphid, M. persicae (Sulzer), and described as a new species in 1987. Information on its host range is limited because the two species are so similar. Therefore, the performance of the tobacco aphid was studied on 28 potential host plants in six families. Numbers of offspring, age at first reproduction, longevity, weight, and percentage reproducing were compared. Tests were conducted on excised leaves or leaf disks maintained in Petri dishes in an environmentally-controlled chamber. Myzus nicotianae reproduced on hosts in the families Asteraceae, Convolvulaceae, Cruciferae, Malvaceae, and Solanaceae, but not on Spinacia in Chenopodiaceae. Myzus nicotianae generally reproduced most quickly, was heaviest, and produced the most nymphs on tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum L., and American black nightshade, Solanum americanum (Solanaceae). Performance also was good on Capsicum and S. dulcamara L. (Solanaceae). Aphids exhibited fair-to-good performance on three species of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae), Datura, and Physalis (Solanaceae); Raphanus and two species of Brassica (Cruciferae); and Abelmmoschus (Malvaceae). Performance was fair on two species of Ipomoea, three species of Solanum, Lactuca (Asteraceae), and several Brassica. Longevity was short, and very few offspring were produced on Gossypium (Malvaceae) and Lycopersicon (Solanaceae). This study indicates that M. nicotianae does well on several species in five plant families that contain important crop and weed species.

Current Status of Green Space and Plant Disposition in the Urban Road Landscape Design

2012 ◽  
Vol 209-211 ◽  
pp. 352-356
Author(s):  
Xu Zhou ◽  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Zhao Fei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Green Space ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Plant Species Richness ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Plant Family ◽  
Urban Road ◽  
Regional Landscape ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Pedestrian Street

This study conducts investigations on the plants and plant landscaping in the two regions - Huangxing Commercial Pedestrian Street and Furong Road, which are representative and with relative concentration of population flow and traffic flow. The statistics results show that there are a total of 21 families and 25 species of ornamental plants applied in Huangxing Pedestrian Street, of which arbors and shrubs are widely used with 11 species of arbors, and 11 species of small arbors and shrubs; in terms of plant families, plants from Oleaceae, Pinaceae and Celastraceae families are more frequently used. There are a total of 12 families and 15 species of ornamental plants applied in the Furong Road, of which shrubs are more extensively used with 10 species; in terms of plant family and genera, plants from Oleaceae, Rosaceae and Theaceae families are more frequently used. On this basis, and combining with the different plant combinations and collocations, this paper conducts comparative analysis on the regional landscape arrangement modes and features, and points out the shortcomings of plant species richness and landscape levels in the plant landscapes of the two regions.

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