scholarly journals Impact of Weeds on Paddy Biomass in Upland Rainfed Areas of Terai Region of Nepal

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
M. D. Bhatt ◽  
S. P. Singh ◽  
A. Tewarir
Keyword(s):  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Paddy Crop ◽  
Biomass Reduction ◽  
Better Than

Field experiments were conducted to analyze impacts of weeds on biomass of two varieties of rain fed upland paddy (cv. Radha-4 and Neemai) during the Kharif session of 2004-2005 in the Terai region of Nepal. Four experiments were conducted in randomized block design with three replications. A total of 55 weed species were identified with densities of 240 individual plants per sqm in Radha-4 and 236 individual plants per sqm in Neemai. The annual net primary productivity of paddy crop was maximum (2329.3 g m-2 yr-1 in Radha-4 and 2170.3 g m-2 yr-1 in Neemai) in weed-free plots and lowest (1659.8 g m-2 yr-1 in Radha-4 and 1659.4 g m-2 yr-1 in Neemai) in unweeded plots. Hand weeding was done twice at 25 and 50 days after broadcasting and proved to be better than herbicides in the paddy biomass. The mean maximum biomass of paddy in weed free plots was 2418.7 and 2270.3 g m-2 in Radha-4 and Neemai. This biomass was similar to twice hand weeded plots being 1% lower in both the varieties. Compared to weed-free plots the biomass reduction in Radha-4 and Neemai in herbicides treated plots was lower by 1.4% in both the varieties. Compared to weed-free plots the biomass reduction in unweeded plots was recorded 29% lower in Radha-4 and 23% in Neemai. The weed biomass was highest in unweed plots (516.4 and 436.6 g m-2) and lowest (169.3 and 192.3g m-2 in twice hand-weeded plots. The net annual primary productivity of weeds was highest (437.9 g m>-2 yr-1 in Radha-4 and 376.6 g m-2 yr-1 in Neemai) in unweeded plots and lowest (119.7 g m-2 yr-1 in Radha-4 and 145.5 g m-2 yr-1 in Neemai) in twice hand weeded plots. The trend of grain yield in both the varieties were; weed-free plots (TT) > twice hand-weeded plots (T1) > chemical fertilizer and butachlor plots (T2) > unweeded plots (To).Key words: Paddy; weeds; upland; biomass; Teraidoi: 10.3126/eco.v13i0.1623 Ecoprint (An International Journal of Ecology) Vol. 13, No. 1, 2006 Page 15-22

Effect of weed management practices on the yield attributes and yield of wet-seeded rice

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-464
Author(s):  
◽  
B. J. Pandian ◽  
P. Thukkaiyannan ◽  
N. Thavaprakash
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Agricultural College ◽  
Hand Weeding

Field experiments were conducted at the Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Killikulam, India during the kharif (July to November) and summer (December to April) seasons of 1999 and 2000 in a randomized block design. The treatment consisted of three pre-emergence herbicides (pretilachlor + safener 0.3 kg ha-1 4 days after sowing [DAS], butachlor 1.0 kg ha-1 8 DAS and pendimethalin 1.0 kg ha-1 8 DAS) and one early post-emergence herbicide (butanil 3.0 ha-1 15 DAS), each in combination with mechanical or hand weeding 30 and 45 DAS. In addition, green manure (Daincha) intercropping and incorporation, mechanical and hand weeding twice alone (25 and 50 DAS) were compared with the unweeded check. The results revealed that the pre-emergence application of pretilachlor + safener 0.3 kg ha-1 + hand weeding twice (30 and 45 DAS) promoted higher yield attributes and maximum yield in wet-seeded rice.

scholarly journals Influence of pendimethalin and hand weeding on mineral composition of maize, cowpea and their intercrop

Bio-Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amudalat Ranti Lawal ◽  
Bolaji Umar Olayinka ◽  
Lukman Bola Abdulra’uf ◽  
Emmanuel Obukohwo Etejere
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Hand Weeding

Weed competition has been a major challenge limiting crop yield especially in intercropping systems. Information on the use of chemicals for weed control in intercropping systems appears scanty. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of pendimethalin (P) at 1 kg active ingredient/ha, and hand weeding (HW) on mineral contents of the harvested grains and effects of various weed control treatments in maize, cowpea, and their intercrop. Field experiments were carried out during the 2017 and 2018 rainy seasons. The field layout followed complete randomized block design with three replicates. There were eight treatments: Sole Maize/Cowpea + P, Sole Maize/Cowpea + P + 1HW at 3 weeks after sowing (WAS), Sole Maize/Cowpea + P+ 2HW at 3 and 6 weeks after sowing (WAS), Sole Maize/Cowpea weedy check, Intercrop + P, Intercrop + P + 1HW at 3WAS, Intercrop + P + 2HW at 3 and 6 WAS and Intercrop weedy check. It was observed that, P+1HW and P+2HW in both cropping systems have significant effects (p<0.05) and effectively control weed and increase the mineral contents in maize, cowpea, and their respective intercrop. The study revealed that, the mineral composition of maize and cowpea grains were improved by using pendimethalin with supplementary hand weeding. The study recommends that farmers should adopt intercropping maize with cowpea using pendimethalin plus one supplementary hand weeding at 3 WAS.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF BIO EFFICACY AND PHYTO TOXICITY EVALUATION OF INDAZIFLAM 500 SC IN ACID LIME

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.P. Kavitha ◽  
P. Rajangam ◽  
M.Uma Maheswari
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
North East ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
South West Monsoon ◽  
Acid Lime ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Stock Solutions ◽  
Higher Doses

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the bio efficacy and phyto toxicity of Indaziflam 500 SC in acid lime at Central Block, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Periyakulam during kharif and rabi seasons of the years 2017 and 2018. Experiments were carried out in Randomized Block Design with ten treatments and replicated thrice. Indaziflam 500 SC was sprayed as pre emergence as well as combination with post emergence herbicides in acid lime before the onset of South West Monsoon and North East Monsoon at kharif and rabi seasons respectively. Indaziflam 500 SC either alone or in combination with post emergence herbicide was completely dissolved while making stock solutions. There were no phyto toxicity symptoms on acid lime at higher doses of pre emergence application and combination with post emergence application of Indaziflam 500 SC. Pre emergence application of Indaziflam 500 SC @ 62.5 g a.i./ha recorded significantly lower no. of weed density on 30, 60, 90 and 120 DAA during both the seasons. Increased weed density was observed in untreated control at all stages of crop growth during both the seasons. Pre emergence application of Indaziflam 500 SC @ 62.5 g a.i./ha recorded significantly lower weed DMP at 90 DAA during both the seasons of the study followed by pre emergence application of Indaziflam 500 SC @ 50 g a.i./ha and resulted in higher weed control efficiency at all stages of observation. Significantly higher acid lime fruit yield of 12.45 and 13.85 t/ha was recorded with hand weeding during kharif and rabi respectively due to weed free condition maintained during entire growth stage of the crop and it was followed by pre emergence application of Indaziflam 500 SC @ 62.5 g a.i./ha.

scholarly journals Weed Dynamics in Maize (Zea mays L.) as Influenced by Pre and Post-emergence Herbicides under Temperate Conditions of Western Himalayan Region

2020 ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
Faisul-ur- Rasool ◽  
M. I. Bhat ◽  
Z. A. Dar ◽  
S. A. Hakeem ◽  
S. Nasseer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Weed Dynamics ◽  
Hand Weeding

Field experiments were conducted in 2017-18 during main cropping  seasons of the year 2017 and 2018 at Dryland (Karewa) Agriculture Research Station, SKUAST-K to determine the effect of different post and pre emergence herbicides application on weed dynamics in maize (Zea mays L.). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with four replications and variety used was Bio-605. Five treatments Five treatments viz, Atrazine 50% WP @ 1.0 kg ha-1 as pre-emergence and Paraquat dichloride 24% SL @ 0.5 kg ha-1, 2,4-D sodium salt 58% WSC @ 1.0 kg ha-1 as post-emergence herbicides (application at 2-3 leaf stage of weeds), hand weeding as standard check and weedy check as control were used. Effect of different herbicides on weed density was found significant. in plots managed with hand weeding, no weed was recorded. The Atrazine treated plots @ 1.0 kg ai ha-1 as pre-emergence had the weed population of 5.51, 5.4, 3.73, 5.12, 4.28 and 41.4m-2 , respectively in Echinochloa spp., Eleusine indica, Digitaria sanguinalis, Amaranthus viridis, Sorghum halepense and Cyperus spp.  However, the maximum population of weeds was recorded in weedy check with 21.54 m-2, 20.87 m-2, 19.16  m-2, 21.5 m-2, 16.7 m-2 and 60.7 m-2. No significant difference was observed between Paraquat dichloride 24% SL @ 0.5 kg ai ha-1 and 2,4- D Sodium salt 58% WSC  @ 1.0 kg ai ha-1 except for Cyperus spp. with density of 51.37 m-2 and 43.04 m-2 respectively. The potential of the atrazine in controlling weeds thereby enhancing yield of maize was found in this study.

Bio-efficacy of post emergence herbicides in boro rice nursery as well as main field and their residual effects on non-target microorganisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-210
Author(s):  
Rajib Kundu ◽  
Mousumi Mondal ◽  
Sourav Garai ◽  
Ramyajit Mondal ◽  
Ratneswar Poddar
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Main Field ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Similar Treatment

Field experiments were conducted at research farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, West Bengal, India (22°97' N latitude and 88°44' E longitude, 9.75 m above mean sea level) under natural weed infestations in boro season rice (nursery bed as well as main field) during 2017-18 and 2018-19 to evaluate the herbicidal effects on weed floras, yield, non-target soil organisms to optimize the herbicide use for sustainable rice-production. Seven weed control treatments including three doses of bispyribac-sodium 10% SC (150,200, and 250 ml ha-1), two doses of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 9.3% EC (500 and 625 ml ha-1), one weed free and weedy check were laid out in a randomized complete block design, replicated thrice. Among the tested herbicides, bispyribac-sodium with its highest dose (250 ml ha-1) resulted in maximum weed control efficiency, treatment efficiency index and crop resistance index irrespective of weed species and dates of observation in both nursery as well as main field. Similar treatment also revealed maximum grain yield (5.20 t ha-1), which was 38.38% higher than control, closely followed by Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (625 ml ha-1) had high efficacy against grasses, sedge and broadleaf weed flora. Maximum net return (Rs. 48765 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (1.72) were obtained from the treatment which received bispyribac-sodium @ 250 ml ha-1. Based on overall performance, the bispyribac-sodium (250 ml ha-1) may be considered as the best herbicide treatment for weed management in transplanted rice as well as nursery bed.

scholarly journals Heterobeltiosis in French Marigold (Tagetes patula L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Kanwar Priyanaka ◽  
Y. C. Gupta ◽  
S. R. Dhiman ◽  
R. K. Dogra ◽  
Sharma Madhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Parental Material ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Better Than

<p>The studies on heterosis were carried with four male sterile lines namely; ms<sub>7</sub>, ms<sub>8</sub>, ms<sub>9,</sub> ms<sub>10</sub> and 18 diverse pollinators as tester by using line × tester crossing programme. The 72 F<sub>1</sub> hybrids were produced and evaluated along with 22 parental lines during summer 2009 and rainy season 2009 in Randomized Block Design. Observations were recorded on nine quantitative traits during both the seasons. Highly significant variances for all the traits indicated the sufficient variability in the parental material for all the characters under study. The performance of F<sub>1</sub> hybrids was much better than the mean performance of parents during both the crop seasons. Appreciable heterosis was observed in all the characters, except flower weight in summer and plant height in rainy season.</p>

scholarly journals Effect of duration of weed competition and weed control on the yield of Indian spinach

1970 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
MSA Khan ◽  
MA Hossain ◽  
M Nurul Islam ◽  
SN Mahfuza ◽  
MK Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Crop Weed Competition

Field experiments were conducted at the research farm of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur during kharif-1 (March to July) seasons of 2005 and 2006 to identify the critical period of crop-weed competition for Indian spinach. Major weed species were Paspalurn commersoni, Echinochlaa crusgalli. Lie nv/nc india. Cyanotis axillaris and Cyperus rotundus. The lowest weed dry matter was 76.3 g m-2 in 2005 and l01.60 g m-2 in 2006 from the plots weeded up to 40 days after transplanting (DAT). The highest yields were obtained (74.82 t ha in 2005 and 48.48 t ha in 2006) from the weed free plots. The fresh yield of Indian spinach did not vary among no weeding upto 20, 30 and 40 DAT in 2006. But weeded plot upto 30 and 40 DAT produced identical yield in 2005. Maximum BCR (4.52) was obtained from weeded plots upto 30 DAT in 2005 but BCR (2.60) was same from weeded upto 30 and 40 DA F in 2006. On an average, highest BCR (3.55) was recorded from weeding upto 30 DAT. Results revealed that the critical period of crop weed competition lies between 20 and 30 DAT and two times hand weeding would be necessary within 30 DAT for maximum benefit. Key Words: Crop-weed competitions, critical period, weed management and Indian spinach. doi: 10.3329/bjar.v33i4.2306 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 33(4) : 623-629, December 2008

scholarly journals Lignification of the plant and seed quality of RR soybeans sprayed with herbicide glyphosate

Revista CERES ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-292
Author(s):  
Cristiane Fortes Gris ◽  
Edila Vilela de Resende Von Pinho ◽  
Maria Laene de Moreira Carvalho ◽  
Rafael Parreira Diniz ◽  
Thaís de Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Herbicide Glyphosate

Differences in levels of lignin in the plant between conventional and transgenic cultivars RR has been reported by several authors, however, there are few studies evaluating the influence of spraying of glyphosate on the lignin in the plant and RR soybean seeds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological quality of RR transgenic soybean seeds and the lignin contents of plants sprayed with the herbicide glyphosate. The assays were conducted both in greenhouse and field in the municipality of Lavras, MG, in the agricultural year 2007/08. The experiment was arranged in a splitplot design with four replicates, considering the treatments hand weeding and herbicide glyphosate as plots, and five RR soybean cultivars (BRS 245 RR, BRS 247 RR, Valiosa RR, Silvânia RR and Baliza RR) as splitplots. In the greenhouse, the cultivars tested were BRS 245 RR and Valiosa RR in a randomized block design with four replicates. The sprayings were carried out at stages V3, V7 and early R5 (3L/ha). The 1000 seed weight, mechanical injury, germination and germination velocity index, emergence velocity index, accelerated aging, electrical conductivity and water soaking seed test, lignin content in the seed coat, in the stem and legumes were determined. The spraying of glyphosate herbicide, in greenhouse and field, did not alter the physiological quality of seeds and the lignin contents in the plant.

scholarly journals Molybdenum mixed with glyphosate and alone via foliar spray in no-tillage common bean grown on corn stover

Revista CERES ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
Gessimar Nunes Camelo ◽  
Geraldo Antonio de Andrade Araújo ◽  
Renildes Lucio Ferreira Fontes ◽  
Luiz Antonio dos Santos Dias ◽  
José Eustáquio de Souza Carneiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Mo Content

The effect of molybdenum (Mo) on common bean grown in desiccated corn stover in a no-tillage system was evaluated under two application modes: Mo mixed with the desiccant glyphosate and Mo direct spray to the bean leaves. The treatments (four replicates) were assigned to a completely randomized block design in a split-plot arrangement with the application of Mo (0, 100, 200, 400 and 800 g ha-1) mixed with glyphosate in the main plots and Mo foliar spray (0 and 100 g ha-1) in the sub-plots. The field experiments were carried out in 2009 and 2010 in the municipality of Coimbra, Minas Gerais State, with the common bean cultivar Ouro Vermelho. Mo mixed with glyphosate had neither an effect on common bean yield nor on the Mo and N contents in leaves, however it increased the Mo and N contents in seeds. Application of Mo via foliar spray increased Mo content in leaves and Mo and N contents in seeds. The reapplication of molybdenum with glyphosate for desiccation in subsequent crops caused a cumulative effect of Mo content in bean seeds.

Establishment Techniques on Yield and Economics of Pigeon Pea [Cajanus cajan (L.)] in North Western Zone of Tamil Nadu

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Sivakumar ◽  
A. Krishnaveni ◽  
M. Pandiyan ◽  
N. Tamilselvan
Keyword(s):  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Western Zone ◽  
North Western

Field experiments were conducted to study the effect of establishment techniques on yield and economics of red gram [Cajanus cajan (L.)] under irrigated condition at Regional Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Paiyur - 635 112,Tamil Nadu, India during Kharif season of 2013-14 and 2014-15 respectively in randomized block design with four replications. The treatments are line sowing/dibbling of seeds, sowing behind the country plough, sowing in polybag and transplanting at 25 and 40 DAS, sowing in portrays and transplanting in 25 and 40 DAS. The redgram variety LRG 41 was used for study. The results revealed that, dibbling of seeds in lines recorded higher grain yield of 2351 kg ha-1, net income of Rs.99495/- and B:C ratio of 3.39. Thus, dibbling of seeds in lines recorded 6% higher over sowing in poly bag and transplanting at 25 DAS and 27% higher yield over sowing behind the country plough. Considering yield and economics, line sowing seems to better option for the farmers followed by sowing in polybags and transplanted in 25 DAS. Under transplanted situation, transplanting of seedlings at 30 DAS was more suitable where the monsoon was delayed for 30 to 45 days under rainfed situation. 

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