The effect of birth interval on fetal outcomes

Background: Perinatal mortality includes both deaths in the first week of life and fetal deaths (stillbirths). Over 130 million babies are born every year, and more than 10 million infants die before their fifth birthday and almost 8 million before their first birthday.Objectives: To make an effort to find out impact of birth interval on fetal outcomes like, low birth weight (weight less than 2500 grams regardless of gestational age), perinatal death (death within 28 weeks of gestation to 7 days of birth) in subsequent pregnancies.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in BPKIHS, Dharan in 2011. Patients included were women of second gravida between age group 20 -35 years .The consecutive convenience sampling method was used to collect the data. Study population was divided into three birth interval groups of <18, 18-59,>59 months respectively and fetal outcomes (low birth weight, gestational age, early neonatal death, Apgar score) were compared.Results: Out of included population majority (55.63%) of the women had age range of 20-25 years with the mean age of 25.30. Among the total 168 who were included 20(11.91%) were belongs to birth interval <18 months, 113(67.26%) were found in 18-59 months group and 35(20.83%) were in >59 months group.Conclusion: There was increased risk of preterm and low birth weight and perinatal death in women with birth interval <18 months as compared to women with birth interval 18-59 months and groups >59 months. Health Renaissance 2015;13(3): 169-176

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The Prevalence of Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Associated Factors Among Enteral Fed Preterm and Low Birth Weight Neonates Admitted in Selected Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Cross-sectional Study

Global Pediatric Health ◽

10.1177/2333794x211019695 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 2333794X2110196

Author(s):

Sitotaw Molla Mekonnen ◽

Daniel Mengistu Bekele ◽

Fikrtemariam Abebe Fenta ◽

Addisu Dabi Wake

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Public Hospitals ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains to be the most critical and frequent gastrointestinal disorder understood in neonatal intensive care units (NICU). The presented study was intended to assess the prevalence of NEC and associated factors among enteral Fed preterm and low birth weight neonates. Institution based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 350 enteral Fed preterm and low birth weight neonates who were admitted at selected public hospitals of Addis Ababa from March 25/2020 to May 10/2020. The data were collected through neonates’ medical record chart review. A total of 350 participants were enrolled in to the study with the response rate of 99.43%. One hundred eighty-four (52.6%) of them were male. The majority 123 (35.1%) of them were (32 + 1 to 34) weeks gestational age. The prevalence of NEC was (25.4%) (n = 89, [95% CI; 21.1, 30.0]). Being ≤28 weeks gestational age (AOR = 3.94, 95% CI [2.67, 9.97]), being (28 + 1 to 32 weeks) gestational age (AOR = 3.65, 95% CI [2.21, 8.31]), birth weight of 1000 to 1499 g (AOR = 2.29, 95% CI [1.22, 4.33]), APGAR score ≤3 (AOR = 2.34, 95% CI [1.32, 4.16]), prolonged labor (AOR = 2.21, 95% CI [1.35, 6.38]), maternal chronic disease particularly hypertension (AOR = 3.2, 95% CI [1.70, 5.90]), chorioamnionitis (AOR = 4.8, 95% CI [3.9, 13]), failure to breath/resuscitated (AOR = 2.1, 95% CI [1.7, 4.4]), CPAP ventilation (AOR = 3.7, 95% CI [1.50, 12.70]), mixed milk (AOR = 3.58, 95% CI [2.16, 9.32]) were factors significantly associated with NEC. Finally, the prevalence of NEC in the study area was high. So that, initiating the programs that could minimize this problem is required to avoid the substantial morbidity and mortality associated with NEC.

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LOW BIRTH WEIGHT BABIES;

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2017.24.08.1003 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 24 (08) ◽

pp. 1176-1180

Author(s):

Brig® Khalid Mehmood ◽

Ijaz Ali ◽

Syed Hyder Raza

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Data Collection Tool ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Normal Birth ◽

Low Birth Weight Babies ◽

Study Setting

Objectives: To determine the proportion of LBW Babies among those deliveredat DHQ Hospital Mirpur. Study design: Descriptive cross sectional study. Setting: DHQ hospitalMirpur AJK. Duration of study: January 2013-May 2013. Sample size: 459 deliveries. Studypopulation: women reporting in Peads OPD of DHQ hospital Mirpur AJ&K with their babiesduring study period. Sampling technique: Convenience method. Data collection tool: Datacollection Performa. Data analysis: SPSS version 14.0.Results: Out of 459 deliveriesconducted at Divisional Head Quarter hospital Mirpur, 149 cases of low birth weight babies(<2500gms) whereas the rest 310 had normal birth weight. Frequency of Low Birth Weight inmale new born babies was high, i.e ratio of male babies were 55% (82) out of 149 individualswhile females were 45% (67). Less than 37 weeks of gestational age, 37% (55) were pretermbabies and 37 – 42 weeks of gestational age, 63% (94) were full term babies.

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Prevalence and risk factors associated with low birth weight babies-a cross sectional study

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20212466 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 1168

Author(s):

Gurunathan Gopal

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Maternal Risk ◽

Factors Associated ◽

The World

Background: Babies with a birth weight of less than 2500 grams, irrespective of the period of their gestation are termed as low birth weight (LBW) babies. Despite consistent efforts to improve the quality of maternal and child health, more than twenty million LBW babies are born every year throughout the world. The present study was to explore the effects of various maternal risk factors associated with low birth-weight of institutionally delivered newborns. Across the world, neonatal mortality is 20 times more likely for LBW babies compared to normal birth weight (NBW) babies (>2.5 kg).Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of ACS Medical College and Hospital, Chennai from December 2019 to October 2020. Altogether 350 babies were taken who were delivered at ACS hospital.Results: The number of times of ANC attendance was also significantly associated with LBW, odds ratio (OR)=1.296, and p=0.001. The number of meals was not associated with LBW OR=0.946, and p=0.831. The gestational age assessed as completed weeks of pregnancy was significantly associated with LBW OR=3.302; p=0.00001.Conclusions: This study suggests that there are several factors interplaying which lead to LBW babies. Socio-demographic factors (maternal age and gestational age) and antenatal care are more important.

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A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY: ASSESSMENT OF MATERNAL RISK FACTORS FOUND IN LOW BIRTH WEIGHT NEONATES

10.36106/gjra/2605382 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 11-13

Author(s):

Nikulkumar Thakkar ◽

Shalini Panday ◽

Nomeeta Gupta

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Adult Life ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Maternal Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Maternal Risk ◽

Increased Risk

Introduction Birth weight is one of the important factors for the survival, normal growth and development of a child. LBW is associated with compromised growth, disabilities, hospitalizations, brain damage, and poorer language development, increased risk of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders in adult life. Maternal risk factor that may contribute to LBW include age, stature, socioeconomic status, multiple pregnancies, previous LBW infants and poor nutrition. Method: The present cross-sectional study was carried out in the postnatal care wards and NICU of Janta trust hospital, Patan. All live born babies born at Janta Hopsital with birth weight of less than 2.5kg during July 2019 to June 2020 were included after written consent from parents. The information regarding the study variables was record on predesigned, pretested questionnaire. Result: Out of 65 LBW babies, 46.2% were boys. Percentage of LBW babies was similar in second para and above (52.3%) as compared to primiparous mothers (47.7%). Eighteen babies (18, 27.7%) were born pre term. About 3.1% LBW babies had very low birth weight. The proportion of LBW babies was higher in 20-24 year age group (52.3%). Majority of mothers studied up to primary (84.8%). Total 63.1% had an antenatal registration with in the first trimester. Half of mothers (52.3%) visited adequately during antenatal period. Most common maternal factors found in LBW mothers were anemia (55.4%), PIH (12.0%) followed by UTI (7.7%) fever (6.2%) and APH (6.2%). Conclusion: Maternal factors like teenage pregnancy, illiteracy of the mothers, lower socioeconomic status, short birth spacing, lack of antenatal care were observed higher among low birth weight newborn. There is the need to strengthen the maternal services at community level.

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Sex, Conception Interval, Gestational Age, Apgar Score, and Anthropometric Surrogates in relation to Birth Weight of Bangladeshi Newborns: A Cross-Sectional Study

ISRN Public Health ◽

10.1155/2013/405725 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Bably Sabina Azhar ◽

Md. Monirujjaman ◽

Kazi Saiful Islam ◽

Sadia Afrin ◽

Md. Sabir Hossain

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Apgar Score ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Weight Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Anthropometric Parameters ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Infant Birth

In developing countries, where about 75% of births occur at home or in the community, logistic problems prevent the weighing of every newborn child. Baby born with a weight less than 2,500 g is considered low birth weight, since below this value birth-specific infant mortality begins to rise rapidly. In Bangladesh, the prevalence of low birth weight is unacceptably high. Infant's sex differences, birth to conception interval, gestational age, and Apgar score are associated with infant birth weight. To screen low-birth-weight babies, simple anthropometric parameters can be used in rural areas where 80–90% of deliveries take place. A sample of 343 newborn singletons, 186 male and 157 female babies, were studied in Southwest region of Bangladesh to examine the birth weight status of newborns and to identify the relationship between birth weight and other anthropometric parameters of newborns. The mean birth weight was 2754.81±465.57 g, and 28.6% were low-birth-weight (<2,500 g) babies. All key anthropometric parameters of the newborns significantly correlated with infant birth weight (P=0.05). Mid upper arm circumference and chest circumference were identified as the optimal surrogate indicators of LBW babies. In the community where weighing of newborns is difficult, these measurements can be used to identify the LBW babies.

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Association of Birth Parameters with Refractive Status in a Sample of Caucasian Children Aged 4–17 Years

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2015/635682 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Berna Akova-Budak ◽

Sertaç Argun Kıvanç ◽

Osman Okan Olcaysü

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Refractive Status ◽

Ophthalmologic Examination ◽

The Mean ◽

Age Range

Purpose. To investigate the association of birth parameters with refractive status in different age groups of Caucasian children.Materials and Methods. This cross-sectional study included 564 eyes of 282 children aged 4 to 17 years. All children underwent complete ophthalmologic examination. The children were divided into three groups according to their refractive status (emmetropia,myopia, and hyperopia), ages (4–7, 8-9, 10–12, and 13–17), and appropriateness for gestational age, respectively.Results. The mean age of the children was9.2±2.8(age range 4–17 years). The mean spheric equivalent was+0.3±1.7(range: (−10.0)–(+10.0) diopters). The mean birth weight and gestational age were2681.1±930.8grams (750–5000 grams) and37.2±3.7weeks (25–42 weeks). According to multinominal logistic regression analysis, children with myopia were more likely to have higher birth weights than emmetropic children (OR: 1.0, 95% CI: 1.000–1.001, andP=0.028). The hypermetropes were found to be significantly small for gestational age between 13 and 17 years of age.Conclusion. Birth weight and appropriateness for gestational age as birth parameters may have an impact on development of all types of refractive errors. The hypermetropic children tended to be small for gestational age.

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Epidemiologic Factors and Ocular Manifestations of Twin Children Compared with Controls

10.21203/rs.3.rs-540386/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zhale Rajavi ◽

Hamideh Sabbaghi ◽

Reza Hasani ◽

Narges Behradfar ◽

Saeid Abdi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Monozygotic Twins ◽

Female Gender ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Strabismus Surgery ◽

Mirror Image ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Twin Children

Abstract Purpose: To compare the epidemiological and ocular findings of twin children with non- twin age matched individuals as their control.Methods: In this cross sectional study, a total of 92 twins (184 cases) were compared with 182 non- twin matched children. The comprehensive ophthalmic examinations including measurement of the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), cycloplegic refraction, ocular deviation, strabismus as well as the anterior and posterior ophthalmic examinations were conducted. An organized questionnaire was also filled out for both groups to record their demographic information. Monozygotic twins were considered if there were similarity of their phenotypic characteristics and gender, otherwise the twins were considered as dizygotic. The mirror- image twins (MIT) was defined based on the laterality of symmetrical ocular characteristics of twins.Results: In this study, the mean age of the study subjects was 7.08±4.68 and 7.56±4.02 years in the twins and non-twins groups, respectively. Among the twins 27 (30%) were monozygotic. Refractive form of MIT was seen in 5 twins (5%). BCVA in the twins group (0.07±0.16LogMAR) was significantly worse than non-twins (0.03±0.08LogMAR, P<0.001) and higher percentage of them were amblyopic (21.8% versus 10.5%, P=0.005). Twin and controls had history of strabismus surgery in 7.8% and 3.3%, respectively (P=0.009). Multivariate analysis showed significant correlation among low gestational age and female gender, low birth weight and seizure. Conclusion: Female sex, less gestational age, low birth weight, amblyopia and strabismus were significantly higher in twins. Therefore, it is important to check their refractive error, anisometropia, MIT phenomenon and amblyopia to prevent their further complications.

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The effects of occupational pollutants on the reproductive health of female informal street traders in Warwick Junction, Durban, South Africa – a cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.2.12541/v4 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Sujatha Hariparsad ◽

Rajen Naidoo

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Total Sample ◽

Daily Basis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Reproductive Outcomes ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk

Abstract Background: Informal street traders are exposed on a daily basis to traffic emissions and biomass fuel smoke containing a variety of pollutants. These exposures are likely to place the female traders at increased risk for adverse reproductive outcomes. Aim The aim of this study was to compare the reproductive outcomes among street traders exposed to pollutants from their work-related activities and traders without such exposure. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 305 female traders selected from exposed and non-exposed areas within the Warwick Junction trading hub, located in Durban, South Africa. Validated reproductive questionnaires and clinical assessments were conducted on all participants. Adverse reproductive outcomes such as low birth weight, spontaneous abortions and infertility were assessed Results: The mean age of the traders was 43.6 years (SD:12.1), mostly single (63%) and worked in trading hub for an average of 14 years. There were 876 pregnancies reported in the total sample. Traders pregnant while working in in this location accounted for 120 pregnancies There was an increased risk of exposed traders having a low birth weight infant as compared to non-exposed traders (OR=3.7; CI: 1.8, 7.6). Exposed traders were also almost 3 times more likely to be infertile as compared to non-exposed traders (OR=2.6; CI: 1.6, 4.3). Conclusions: Working as a street trader may have a causal association with developing adverse reproductive outcomes in females. Recommendations to mitigate adverse exposures have been suggested which include short term safety interventions and better cooking practices and future long term policy interventions.

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Pica in Rural Obstetric Population: An Underestimated Nutritional Mystery

Journal of SAFOG with DVD ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10006-1274 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 71-74

Author(s):

Bhavna Kumare ◽

Nikita Vijay

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Preterm Birth ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Paired Data ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Obstetric Population

ABSTRACT Objective To determine the prevalence of pica during pregnancy, maternal hemoglobin levels at delivery and the association of pica with low birth weight and preterm birth. Study design A descriptive cross-sectional study. Subjects/setting Two hundred pregnant women aged 18 to 35 years admitted in labor room of Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NKPSIMS. Study duration 1 March 2012 to 28 February 2013. Main outcome measures — maternal hemoglobin at delivery, mean birth weight and mean gestational age were compared in pica and no pica group. Statistical analysis Mean, percentage and chi-square test (for paired data). Results Seventeen percent of these pregnant women practiced pica. The most common pica substance that was consumed was chalk (44.1%) and clay (38.2%). Women in pica group had lower hemoglobin levels 8.63 ± 1.12 gm% (mean ± SD) at delivery than women who did not report pica (10.03 ± 0.96 gm%). There was no difference in mean birth weight and gestational age of neonates born to women with pica group and no pica group. Conclusion The findings suggest that pica practices are associated with significantly lower maternal hemoglobin levels at delivery, but are not associated with low birth weight and preterm birth. How to cite this article Kumare B, Somalwar S, Vijay N. Pica in Rural Obstetric Population: An Underestimated Nutritional Mystery. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2014;6(2):71-74.

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The effects of occupational pollutants on the reproductive health of female informal street traders in Warwick junction, Durban, South Africa – a cross-sectional study

BMC Women s Health ◽

10.1186/s12905-019-0854-7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sujatha Hariparsad ◽

Rajen N. Naidoo

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Total Sample ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Reproductive Outcomes ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Low Birth Weight Infants ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk

Abstract Background Informal street traders are exposed on a daily basis to traffic emissions and biomass fuel smoke containing a variety of pollutants. These exposures are likely to place the female traders at increased risk for adverse reproductive outcomes. Aim The aim of this study was to compare the reproductive outcomes among street traders exposed to pollutants from their work-related activities and traders without such exposure. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 305 female traders selected from exposed and non-exposed areas within the Warwick Junction trading hub, located in Durban, South Africa. Validated reproductive questionnaires and clinical assessments were conducted on all participants. Adverse reproductive outcomes such as low birth weight, spontaneous abortions and infertility were assessed. Results The mean age of the traders was 43.6 years (SD:12.1), mostly single (63%) and worked in trading hub for an average of 14 years. There were 876 pregnancies reported in the total sample. Traders pregnant while working in this location accounted for 120 pregnancies There was an increased risk of exposed traders having a low birth weight infant as compared to non-exposed traders (OR = 3.7; CI: 1.8, 7.6). Exposed traders were also almost 3 times more likely to be infertile as compared to non-exposed traders (OR = 2.6; CI: 1.6, 4.3). Conclusions This study has demonstrated that female street traders working within a trading hub in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; exposed to occupational pollutants show an association with developing infertility and low birth weight infants. Recommendations to mitigate adverse exposures have been suggested which include short term safety interventions and better cooking practices and future long term policy interventions.

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