Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera Frugiperda) in Maize: An Emerging Threat in Nepal and its Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-309
Author(s):  
Santosh Kandel ◽  
Rakshya Poudel
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Climatic Condition ◽  
Methyl Parathion ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Subtropical Region ◽  
Late Planting ◽  
Direct Injury ◽  
Very High

Fall armyworm ((Spodoptera frugiperda) commonly known as FAW is polyphagous pest of maize with more than 85 host species. It is native to tropical and subtropical region of America. It has already been detected in India and reports from Nepal also suggests presence of FAW.  Due to Open broader between Nepal and India chance of spreading in Nepal is very high. Delay maturing hybrids and late planted maize crops are likely to be affected by this pest. It can cause serious leaf damage along with direct injury to the ear. Major damage is done by younger larvae. Larvae causes damage by consuming foliage. Terai and inner terai region are considered to be affected more as climatic condition of this region highly favors FAW. So, timely preventive and management practices should be done before it leads to havoc condition. Management of the pest can be done through many biological, chemical and cultural means. Quality seed, Avoidance of late planting, Push-pull technology can be adopted for management practices. Different biological agents have been identified for controlling FAW such as Bacillus thuringenesis (Bt), Baculovirus and Beauveria bassiana etc.  Chemicals like Methomyl, Methyl parathion, chlorpyrifos, malathion, permethrin are used to control the pest. However, use of chemical should be discouraged as it may affect soil fertility and natural enemy of FAW. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 8(3): 305-309

scholarly journals Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda Infestations in East Africa: Assessment of Damage and Parasitism

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birhanu Sisay ◽  
Josephine Simiyu ◽  
Esayas Mendesil ◽  
Paddy Likhayo ◽  
Gashawbeza Ayalew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Parasitism Rate ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Larval Parasitoid ◽  
Percent Parasitism

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, threatens maize production in Africa. A survey was conducted to determine the distribution of FAW and its natural enemies and damage severity in Ethiopia, Kenya and Tanzania in 2017 and 2018. A total of 287 smallholder maize farms (holding smaller than 2 hectares of land) were randomly selected and surveyed. FAW is widely distributed in the three countries and the percent of infested maize fields ranged from 33% to 100% in Ethiopia, 93% to 100% in Tanzania and 100% in Kenya in 2017, whereas they ranged from 80% to 100% and 82.2% to 100% in Ethiopia and Kenya, respectively, in 2018. The percent of FAW infestation of plants in the surveyed fields ranged from 5% to 100%. In 2017, the leaf damage score of the average of the fields ranged from 1.8 to 7 (9 = highest level of damage), while 2018, it ranged from 1.9 to 6.8. In 2017, five different species of parasitoids were recovered from FAW eggs and larvae. Cotesia icipe (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) was the main parasitoid recorded in Ethiopia, with a percent parasitism rate of 37.6%. Chelonus curvimaculatus Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) was the only egg-larval parasitoid recorded in Kenya and had a 4.8% parasitism rate. In 2018, six species of egg and larval parasitoids were recovered with C. icipe being the dominant larval parasitoid, with percentage parasitism ranging from 16% to 42% in the three surveyed countries. In Kenya, Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) was the dominant egg parasitoid, causing up to 69.3% egg parasitism as compared to only 4% by C. curvimaculatus. Although FAW has rapidly spread throughout these three countries, we were encouraged to see a reasonable level of biological control in place. Augmentative biological control can be implemented to suppress FAW in East Africa.

scholarly journals Effects of distance from semi-natural habitat on fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda, J. E. Smith) and its potential natural enemies in Ghana

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Matthew W. Jordon ◽  
Talya D. Hackett ◽  
Fred Aboagye-Antwi ◽  
Vincent Y. Eziah ◽  
Owen T. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Biological Pest Control ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Insect crop pests are a major threat to food security in sub-Saharan Africa. Configuration of semi-natural habitat within agricultural landscapes has the potential to enhance biological pest control, helping to maintain yields whilst minimising the negative effects of pesticide use. Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda, J. E. Smith) is an increasingly important pest of maize in sub-Saharan Africa, with reports of yield loss between 12 and 45%. We investigated the patterns of fall armyworm leaf damage in maize crops in Ghana, and used pitfall traps and dummy caterpillars to assess the spatial distribution of potential fall armyworm predators. Crop damage from fall armyworm at our study sites increased significantly with distance from the field edge, by up to 4% per m. We found evidence that Araneae activity, richness and diversity correspondingly decreased with distance from semi-natural habitat, although Hymenoptera richness and diversity increased. Our preliminary findings suggest that modifying field configuration to increase the proximity of maize to semi-natural habitat may reduce fall armyworm damage and increase natural enemy activity within crops. Further research is required to determine the level of fall armyworm suppression achievable through natural enemies, and how effectively this could safeguard yields.

Farmers' knowledge, perceptions, and management practices of the new invasive pest, fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in Ethiopia and Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teshome Kumela ◽  
Josephine Simiyu ◽  
Birhanu Sisay ◽  
Paddy Likhayo ◽  
Esayas Mendesil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Invasive Pest

scholarly journals Farmers’ Knowledge and Management Practices of Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) in Benin, West Africa

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 430
Author(s):  
Sidol Houngbo ◽  
Afio Zannou ◽  
Augustin Aoudji ◽  
Hervé C. Sossou ◽  
Antonio Sinzogan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Botanical Pesticides ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Vespula Vulgaris ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides

Spodoptera frugiperda has caused significant losses of farmer income in sub-Saharan countries since 2016. This study assessed farmers’ knowledge of S. frugiperda, their perceptions and management practices in Benin. Data were collected through a national survey of 1237 maize farmers. Ninety-one point eight percent of farmers recognized S. frugiperda damage, 78.9% of them were able to identify its larvae, and 93.9% of the maize fields were infested. According to farmers, the perceived yield losses amounted to 797.2 kg/ha of maize, representing 49% of the average maize yield commonly obtained by farmers. Chi-square tests revealed that the severity of the pest attacks was significantly associated with cropping practices and types of grown maize varieties. About 16% of farmers identified francolin (Francolinus bicalcaratus), village weaver (Ploceus cucullatus), and common wasp (Vespula vulgaris) as natural enemies and 5% of them identified yellow nutsedge, chan, shea tree, neem, tamarind, and soybean as repellent plants of S. frugiperda. Most farmers (91.4%) used synthetic pesticides and 1.9% of them used botanical pesticides, which they found more effective than synthetic pesticides. Significant relationships exist between farmers’ management practices, their knowledge, organization membership, and contact with research and extension services. More research is required to further understand the effectiveness of botanical pesticides made by farmers against S. frugiperda and to refine them for scaling-up.

scholarly journals Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in cotton: vertical distribution of egg masses, effects of adult density and plant age on oviposition behavior

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-429
Author(s):  
Arlindo Leal Boica Junior ◽  
Zeneide Ribeiro Campos ◽  
Alcebiades Ribeiro Campos ◽  
Walter Veriano Valerio Filho ◽  
Ostenildo Ribeiro Campos
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Oviposition Behavior ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
Adult Density ◽  
Cotton Variety ◽  
Density Relationship

The objective of this work was to determine the most suitable density of adults per plant, ideal plant age, and vertical distribution of eggs in different parts of the plant in a greenhouse investigation for future resistance studies and improvement of S. frugiperda management practices in cotton. The experiments of Spodotera frugiperda oviposition in relation to adult density, relationship between cotton plant age and Spodoptera frugiperda oviposition, Spodoptera frugiperda non-preference for oviposition on cotton varieties were conducted with plants of cotton variety BRS Ita 90. The experiments were conducted with plants of cotton variety BRS Ita 90. Non-preference (antixenosis) for oviposition was studied in FiberMax 966, FiberMax 977, DeltaOpal, DeltaPenta, Acala 90, Coodetec 408, Coodetec 409, Coodetec 410, BRS Cedro, BRS Ipê, BRS Aroeira, IPR 96, IPR 20, BRS Araçá, IAC 24, and BRS Ita 90 varieties. We concluded that the fall armyworm S. frugiperda prefers to oviposit on plants with approximately 60 days of age, on the lower surface of leaves located in the upper third of the plant tests under greenhouse conditions. A density of at least three pairs of S. frugiperda adults per plant was sufficient to conduct non-preference-for-oviposition tests under greenhouse conditions. Coodetec 408, BRS Aroeira, BRS Araçá, BRS Ita 90 and DeltaPenta varieties showed non-preference-for-oviposition resistance to S. frugiperda. In regions with high infestations of S. frugiperda, it would be prudent for the cultivation the use of BRS Ita 90 cotton variety.

scholarly journals Assessment of impacts of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on maize production in Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Djima Koffi ◽  
Rosina Kyerematen ◽  
Vincent Y Eziah ◽  
Yaa Oguabi Osei-Mensah ◽  
Kwame Afreh-Nuamah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Transitional Zone ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Spodoptera frugiperda was considered an insect pest only in the Americas until its first report in African countries in 2016. In this study, farmers and agricultural officials in Ghana were interviewed on their perceptions and knowledge of the pest, on infestation and maize yield variations across years, and on management practices. Farms were inspected to determine the infestation level of 100 plants per hectare. Interviews revealed that farmers were familiar with the larval stages of this pest and noticed that the pest occurred throughout the year, but populations of S. frugiperda increased only during cropping seasons. Infestation levels reported by farmers in surveys were much lower in 2018 (30.38%) than in 2017 (80.92%). Farm inspections confirmed that infestation levels were much lower in 2018 (20.90%) than 2017 (73.70%). The belt formed by Guinea Savannah, Transitional Zone, and Semi-Deciduous Forest Agro-Ecological Zones (AEZs) recorded the highest infestations while the lowest were observed from the Sudan Savannah and Tropical Rain Forest AEZs. Insecticides were the most commonly used tactic to manage populations of this new pest. Maize yields increased across Ghana between 2013 and 2015 from 1.52 to 1.73 t/ha, decreased between 2015 and 2017 to 1.55 t/ha, and increased to 1.69 t/ha in 2018. The impact of fall armyworm injury to maize production is discussed.

scholarly journals Intensitas serangan Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) pada pertanaman jagung di Kabupaten Garut dan Tasikmalaya, Jawa Barat

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Wara Asfiya ◽  
Vani Nur Oktaviany Subagyo ◽  
Anik Budhi Dharmayanthi ◽  
Fatimah Fatimah ◽  
Rina Rachmatiyah
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
The Other ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
West Java ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Plant Damage ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Attack Intensity

<p>The presence of <em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em> J.E. Smith or fall armyworm (FAW) have now detected in West Java. However, no information is available on their attack intensity even though the data is crucial for the implementation of appropriate control methods. The investigations were carried out in Garut (Limbangan, Wanaraja, dan Banyuresmi) and Tasikmalaya (Sukaratu) Regencies from 25 to 27 February 2020. At each location, 100 plants were selected for recording observations on leaf damage following the Davis Scale. The results showed the attack intensity in Wanaraja (34,78%), Banyuresmi (34.78%), and Sukaratu (39.89%) showed moderate damage. On the other hand, Limbangan one of the corn production center, showed high damage with the intensity of the pest up to 52.78%. The attack intensity of FAW tends to correlate with their attack level. This means that plant damage levels increasing at higher attack levels.</p>

scholarly journals Toxic Bait as an Alternative Tool in the Management of Spodoptera frugiperda in Second Corn Crops

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Wagner Justiniano ◽  
Marcos Gino Fernandes ◽  
Josué Raizer
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Bt Crops ◽  
Control Food ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

Managing the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith, 1797), has been increasingly difficult owing to the increase in individual resistance to insecticides and genetically modified Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) plants. This study used the attracting and killing method to control FAW adults in the field by spraying Noctovi&reg; with methomyl insecticide. The experiments were conducted in commercial cornfields, non-Bt and Bt crops, over two agricultural years (2018 and 2019) at eight sites distributed in three cities located in the south of Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. The following six insecticide treatments were used: spraying in continuous bands spaced every 100, 50, and 25 m; intermittent spraying every 25 m; control (without insecticide application); and spraying the entire area with insecticide (positive control). Food bait associated with the insecticide molecule was applied to the crop at vegetative stages V1 and V3, and the adult population size and level of leaf damage caused by the caterpillars (assessed via the Davis scale) were evaluated. The application of toxic bait in bands with spacing less than or equal to 50 m significantly reduced the percentage of damage to the plants, with the effect stronger in Bt crops. We suggest that the control of FAW adult populations would be more efficient if the attracting and killing technique was incorporated in integrated pest management programs for second corn crops.

scholarly journals Farmers’ knowledge, perception and management practices of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda Smith) in Manica province, Mozambique

NeoBiota ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 127-143
Author(s):  
Albasini Caniço ◽  
António Mexia ◽  
Luisa Santos
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Maize Cultivation ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

This study aimed to gather information about farmers’ knowledge, perception and management practices of the newly introduced insect pest, the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Manica province, Mozambique. A total of 200 smallholder farmers with experience in maize cultivation were surveyed using a semi-structured questionnaire. The survey was conducted between May and August 2019 in four districts: Macate, Manica, Sussundenga and Vanduzi. Most farmers were unable to morphologically identify fall armyworm (FAW) (from 93.9% in Vanduzi to 98.0% in Manica). Most farmers have experienced FAW damage in their farms (from 92% in Macate to 98.0% in Manica). Maize is mostly planted in October and November (from 44.0% in Sussundenga to 60.0% of farmers in Manica), but the highest infestation period is believed to be between November and February. With the exception of Vanduzi where 65.3% of farmers apply insecticides, most farmers in other districts do not use any method to control FAW (from 60.8% in Macate to 88.0% in Manica and Sussundenga respectively). Among those applying insecticides, from 65.0% in Manica to 75.0% in Vanduzi have confidence in the efficiency of the insecticides being used against FAW. Most farmers reported an increase in the spread of FAW. The lack of financial resources is reported as the main constraint in the fight against FAW. This study is the first of its nature in the province of Manica and provides valuable information that may support extension services and researchers when designing FAW management options for local smallholder farmers.

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