scholarly journals FOREST RESOURCE INCOME VARIATION IN MID-HILLS OF NEPAL: A CASE STUDY FROM TWO CFUGS OF PARBAT DISTRICT, NEPAL

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganesh Paudel
Keyword(s):  
Survey Methods ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Forest Resource ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Forest Income

 Inequality persists in Nepali society and various source of income including forest resource contributes to it. This study was conducted in two CFUGs of the Parbat district, Nepal and examines the variability in the forest resource income at the household level. Focus group discussion, Key informants survey and Household survey methods were employed to collect the primary data and random sample of 120 respondents were surveyed. Along with simple mathematical calculations statistical test ANOVA was performed for data analysis. Rich categories of users derive significantly more income from the CF than the middle and poor categories of users although being the larger share of CF income to the total forest income for poor users. The CF income also varies with the sex of the household head and caste of the users in absolute terms but not significant. The Gini coefficient of the income distribution is found 0.48, 0.34 and 0.31 for CF income, Private trees income and total forest income respectively. It is recommended to the CFUGs that the benefit sharing should be in the equitable basis for the sustainable use of the resources. International Journal of EnvironmentVolume-4, Issue-3, June-August 2015Page: 1-10

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Human Capital in Southern Punjab: An Empirical Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-191
Author(s):  
Salyha Zulfiqar Ali Shah ◽  
Imran Sharif Chaudhry ◽  
Fatima Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Annual Budget ◽  
Per Capita

Analyzing the factors affecting human capital at household level increases the productivity of people living in developing countries. A primary data was collected through a household survey to study the factors affecting human capital in Southern Punjab using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression technique. The findings show that the location of the household in rural areas, occupation of the household head in the primary sector, household size, household poverty and female/male ratio shows significant and negatively affecting the human capital of the households in Southern Punjab. Moreover, per capita income, number of earners in the household, remittances are significant and positively affecting the human capital of the households in Southern Punjab. The annual budget allocation for education in Pakistan is very low, so Government should allocate a significant amount of funds to the education sector.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Human Capital in Southern Punjab: An Empirical Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-200
Author(s):  
Salyha Zulfiqar Ali Shah ◽  
Imran Sharif Chaudhry ◽  
Fatima Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Annual Budget ◽  
Per Capita

Analyzing the factors affecting human capital at household level increases the productivity of people living in developing countries. A primary data was collected through a household survey to study the factors affecting human capital in Southern Punjab using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression technique. The findings show that the location of the household in rural areas, occupation of the household head in the primary sector, household size, household poverty and female/male ratio shows significant and negatively affecting the human capital of the households in Southern Punjab. Moreover, per capita income, number of earners in the household, remittances are significant and positively affecting the human capital of the households in Southern Punjab. The annual budget allocation for education in Pakistan is very low, so Government should allocate a significant amount of funds to the education sector.

scholarly journals An Assessment on Application of Indigenous Knowledge as Disaster Risk Reduction Strategies in Kutubdia, Cox’s Bazaar, Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
Samshad Nowreen ◽  
Md Mohiuddin
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
House Construction ◽  
Reduction Strategies

This research investigates how indigenous knowledge helps to reduce disaster risks in the coastal areas of Bangladesh, specifically in the study area of Kutubdia, Cox’s Bazaar. The location of the coastal area of Bangladesh is funnel shaped which is regarded as one of the most vulnerable cyclone-prone regions in the world because of its location and physiography. Almost every year coastal people experiences this nature induced devastation and loses their lives and property. However, to cope with this type of natural calamity and minimize their loss, coastal people apply their inherited practical knowledge that has been aimed to explore by this research. To conduct this research three types of survey methods has been used: primary data were collected using Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) tools, Focus Group Discussion(FGD) and semi-structured questionnaire survey. First of all, the study explored interesting house construction practices, techniques and protection maneuvers those reflect the ideas of indigenous knowledge of coastal people as primitive adaptation strategies to the cyclone disaster. It has also been found that the other indigenous practices like early cyclone warning system from nature including animal behavior and weather condition. The dynamics of cyclone: classification, occurrence and affected scenario in the coastal region have been identified for the Cox’s Bazaar region. Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 65(2): 125-131, 2017 (July)

scholarly journals Assessing vulnerability and adaptation strategies of forest dependent people to climate change in the Mid-hills of Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
K. Acharya ◽  
K. R. Tiwari ◽  
Y. P. Timilsina ◽  
S PC
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Rural People

Climate change is now recognized as one of the most serious challenges facing the world– its people, the environment and its economies. Rural people are more vulnerable to the effects of climate change due to its high dependence on climate-sensitive sectors like glaciers, agriculture and forestry, and its low financial adaptive capacity. This study was carried out with the aim of assessing and documenting vulnerability and adaptation strategies of forest-dependent people to climate change effects in Mid-hills of Nepal. Primary data were collected from household survey, interview with key informants, and focused group discussion. The results showed that the average annual rainfall was decreasing at the rate of 18.02 mm whereas the average annual mean temperature was increasing at the rate of 0.07°c per year. The major climatic hazards, of the study area, identified were long drought and landslide. The chi-square test shows that the poor forest-dependent people are more vulnerable to long drought, landslide and floods as compared to the rich rural people. Indigenous adaptation practices such as cultivation of vegetables and other crops that are less susceptible to droughts, and rearing of hybrid-varieties of livestock are mostly used to cope with climate change impacts. The results indicate that 15% of the respondents have changed their cropping pattern from paddy to off-seasonal vegetables crops because of more income from vegetable farming. Raising awareness and sharing information as well as increasing income from farming among the locals by applying new technologies should be done in order to build their capacity to cope with climate change impact.Banko Janakari, A Journal of Forestry Information for NepalVol. 25, No. 1Page: 55-62

scholarly journals Poverty Human Capital and Economic Development Nexus: A Case Study of Multan Division

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salyha Zulfiqar Ali Shah ◽  
Imran Sharif Chaudhry ◽  
Fatima Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Household Poverty ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita

Countries across the world have acknowledged that poverty alleviation has to be of critical importance among the objectives of economic development. This paper sheds light on the Multan division, as one the important division of Southern Punjab, Pakistan. The primary data was collected through a household survey during the year 2019.The study concluded that occupation of the household head in the primary sector and household size are significant and positively associated with household poverty. However, human capital of the household is found to be significant and negatively related to household poverty in the Multan division. Economic development or per capita income of the households are found to be significant and positively related with human capital of the households.

scholarly journals Opportunities and Challenges of Rehabilitating Degraded Land in the Case of Cheha Woreda, Gurage Zone, SNNP Region, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tekilil Wolde
Keyword(s):  
Technology Use ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Qualitative Description ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Degraded Land

The research was conducted in chaha wereda gurage zone SNNP region of Ethiopia. The aim of the study was to assess opportunity and challenges of degraded land rehabilitation. From the total population of the study area 20% (73) respondents were selected in order to achieve the objective of the study at hand, for the study both primary and secondary data was generated. The primary data collection was started with a preliminary survey followed by a key informant interview, focus group discussion, and household survey with questionnaires. The secondary data were collected from books, unpublished thesis, project report, and workshops, open ended questionnaire and checklists for interview. The households were selected using stratified sampling technique (Cochran) sample size formula the process of analysis of the study was carried out using qualitative description and quantitative analysis. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the quantitative data were analyzed frequency and percentage when appropriate the qualitative data were discussed to substantiate the study. And the results were expressed in the form of tables and graphs. The findings of the study indicated that limited labor availability, high cost of maintenance. Lack of knowledge, soil conditions, high surfaces runoff, poor vegetation coverage, poor monitoring and evaluation, poor implementation and poor training on the technology use are major challenges.

scholarly journals Changing Rural Livelihood Strategies in the Community of Goljung, Rasuwa

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 21-36
Author(s):  
Dhyanendra Bahadur Rai
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Livelihood Strategies ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Rural Livelihood ◽  
Trade Route

 Different patterns of livelihood are found in different places within same community or different communities over the generation. Therefore livelihood strategy is a changing process of an individual or a household level of economic and social activities in order to fulfill daily livelihood needs. This paper seeks to explore the changing rural livelihood strategies of a community in mountain region of Nepal. The study is mainly based on primary data collected from field survey, focus group discussion (FGD) and key informant interview (KII). Questionnaire survey was conducted within 52 households by applying random sampling method. Likewise five KII and three FGDs were conducted and participants belonged to different field i.e. ward chairperson, ward women member, businessmen, wage labor, farmer and social worker. The finding indicates that livelihood strategies are changing rapidly in the rural areas. Similarly, multiple sources of income of a household have resulted into secured livelihood system in Goljung. Despite the fact that the agriculture with livestock farming was an important traditional source of livelihood in the past, the roles of non-agricultural sectors have become significant for livelihood sustaining in the rural community in Goljung, Rasuwa in the present days. After a decade, development of the hydro-electricity projects and trade route between Nepal and China has played the catalyst role for changing rural livelihoods of local people in this village. The Third Pole: Journal of GeographyVol. 17: 20-36, 2017

scholarly journals Utilization of Remittance at Household Level: A Case of Khanigaun Village of Resunga Municipality, Gulmi District

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 12-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bishnu B. Khatri
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Method ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Foreign Country ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Migrant Families ◽  
The Cost

The rural out-migration for labour of Nepal is a common livelihood strategy at household level. The paper tries to assess the utilization of rural-out migrants’ remittance at household level in Khanigaun Village of Resunga Municipality, Gulmi District. The study is mainly based on primary data and utilized mixed method. The primary information collected through household survey and focus group discussions techniques. 120 sample households were selected by using purposive sampling method. The targeted households were those where at least one family member of household who are working in the foreign country or who worked foreign country and have returned now as a labour migration. The data revealed that the major bulk of remittances were used for consumption purposes. Though, household investment in business or traditional productive sectors and savings were rather small, but remittances were also seen as important financial means for investment in human capital (i.e. education, health and hygiene), housing and land purchase. The importance of the repayment of the cost of migration should not be underestimated. Finally, the study concludes that most of migrant families had improved their living standard to some extent from the remittance money so far, either they used productive or not is in the debate. Nepalese Journal of Development and Rural StudiesVol. 14 (Joint issue) (1&2), 2017, Page: 12-20

scholarly journals Household-Level Effects of Energy Insecurity on Welfare in Southern Africa: A Malawian Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-118
Author(s):  
Fydess Khundi Mkomba ◽  
Akshay Kumar Saha ◽  
Umaru Garba Wali
Keyword(s):  
Energy Security ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Household Welfare ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Education Expenditure ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Unit Increase

The debate of energy security has, over the past decades, centered on supply factors within the energy policy framework in the public policy discourse. Much more empirical evidence is required to fully understand  the household-level effects of energy security on development outcomes. This paper explores the  characteristics of the households that face energy insecurity and also analyze the effects of energy insecurity on household welfare using the recent data from the Malawi Fourth Integrated Household Survey(IHS4) 2016-2017. Overall, 42.58% of Malawian households were found to be  energy insecure and the study findings show that the energy insecure were a heterogenous group compared to the energy secure. The heterogeneity exist because  of differences in demographics (likely to be advanced in age, likely to be females,  less likely to have a household head  with  formal education); socioeconomic status (likely to be poor,  had low wealth  levels); geography (likely to be rural dwellers in the central and southern parts of Malawi); housing and dwelling status (less likely to be renters, less likely to be found in permanent or semi-permanent buildings that have iron sheets and cement floor). Additional results from econometric analysis showed that energy insecure households reduced their food consumption by 2.3% for each 1% unit increase in the share of the energy costs in their total household budget. Similarly, on the education outcome, the energy insecure households reduced  their education expenditure by 3.6% for each 1% unit increase in the share of the energy costs over the total household expenditure. These findings show that energy security plays a key role towards improvement of household welfare in general as this might have short term and long-term negative implications on human capital development.

scholarly journals Assessment of husbandry practice and egg production performance of indigenous chickens in urban and peri urban area of Guder town, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
pp. 124-132
Author(s):  
Chala Duguma
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Random Survey

The study was undertaken from May up to July 2020 in Guder town of Oromia regional state, Ethiopia. The aim of the study was to explore husbandry practices and egg production performance of indigenous chicken in the study area. A cross-sectional systematic random survey of 40 households was undertaken by using semi-structured and pre tested questionnaire. Information on management practices, production systems, egg production performances and constraints of indigenous chicken kept in Guder town was generated by semi-structured questionnaire. The primary data collected from house hold survey was processed and analyzed by using a statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 20.0 software. Descriptive statistics such as percentage, mean, ranking, standard deviation, and cross tabulation were used to analyze the data quantitatively. Data gathered through key informant interviews, focus group discussion and personal observation was analyzed qualitatively to strengthen data obtained from the household survey. Due to its small space and lower capital requirement sample household’s ranked chicken as the first important animals kept in the study area. The main purposes of keeping indigenous chicken in the study area were for home consumption followed by generation of income. The most important feed resources of indigenous chicken kept in the study area were feed obtained from scavenging, house hold wastes, the market left over, and industrial by products. Majority of the households accommodated their indigenous chicken in a separate house constructed for the confinement of the chicken. The higher mortality rate of indigenous chicken in the study area was caused by disease and predator. The most commonly happening and economically important disease in the study area was Newcastle. The commonly observed predators in the study area were cat and dog. Health and feed problems were the first and the second constraint of indigenous chicken production in the study area respectively. Therefore area based development involvement could help to increase the productivity of indigenous chicken and thereby improve the income of small holders.

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