scholarly journals Assessment of husbandry practice and egg production performance of indigenous chickens in urban and peri urban area of Guder town, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
pp. 124-132
Author(s):  
Chala Duguma
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Random Survey

The study was undertaken from May up to July 2020 in Guder town of Oromia regional state, Ethiopia. The aim of the study was to explore husbandry practices and egg production performance of indigenous chicken in the study area. A cross-sectional systematic random survey of 40 households was undertaken by using semi-structured and pre tested questionnaire. Information on management practices, production systems, egg production performances and constraints of indigenous chicken kept in Guder town was generated by semi-structured questionnaire. The primary data collected from house hold survey was processed and analyzed by using a statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 20.0 software. Descriptive statistics such as percentage, mean, ranking, standard deviation, and cross tabulation were used to analyze the data quantitatively. Data gathered through key informant interviews, focus group discussion and personal observation was analyzed qualitatively to strengthen data obtained from the household survey. Due to its small space and lower capital requirement sample household’s ranked chicken as the first important animals kept in the study area. The main purposes of keeping indigenous chicken in the study area were for home consumption followed by generation of income. The most important feed resources of indigenous chicken kept in the study area were feed obtained from scavenging, house hold wastes, the market left over, and industrial by products. Majority of the households accommodated their indigenous chicken in a separate house constructed for the confinement of the chicken. The higher mortality rate of indigenous chicken in the study area was caused by disease and predator. The most commonly happening and economically important disease in the study area was Newcastle. The commonly observed predators in the study area were cat and dog. Health and feed problems were the first and the second constraint of indigenous chicken production in the study area respectively. Therefore area based development involvement could help to increase the productivity of indigenous chicken and thereby improve the income of small holders.

scholarly journals Analysis of Backyard Chicken Farmers Socio-Economic and Management Practices in District Quetta, Balochistan

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Kamran Baseer Achakzai ◽  
Muhammad Abbas Shah ◽  
Ramla Achakzai
Keyword(s):  
Rhode Island ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Flock Size ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Backyard Poultry ◽  
Gender Empowerment ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Backyard Chicken

Socio-economic profile of backyard poultry farmers beside the prevailing management practices and flock profile was studied in nine union councils of District Quetta Balochistan; from November, 2016 to March, 2017. Primary data was collected from 99 households randomly selected from study area by using semi-structured questionnaire, while descriptive statistics were used to conclude the data. Study revealed that women were the only prevailing gender (100%) involved in rearing of backyard chicken in the area. Maximum (53%) number of respondents were in the age group of > 40 years, while more than half (58%) of poultry keepers were illiterate. Backyard poultry farming was much popular (79%) in house wives, whereas 75% of them were responsible for primary support of their household. Pashtoon ethnicity was the major (40%) group of respondents. 58% of the respondents reported a family with 10–20 members. 90% of the farmers provided shelter to their birds, made from mud and thatch (kacha). 80% of these birds were fed on kitchen waste and bread remnants. Average flock size was 27 birds, having 48% Desi (Indigenous chicken), 27% Fayoumi, 12 % Rhode Island Red (RIR) and 13% cross bred birds. Flocks were comprised of adult hen (71%), cock (15%) and chicks (14%). Annual egg production was 4190±171 eggs with 217±2.4 eggs produced per bird, whereas the average number of eggs consumed per family was 1314±48 eggs. Backyard poultry rearing offers a real opportunity to alleviate poverty and gender empowerment. The farmers should be further trained to improve the current feeding and management practices of these birds.

scholarly journals Schematizing vulnerability perceptions and understanding of drought-prone Gamo lowland communities: an evidence from Southwest Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Toma Tora ◽  
Degefa Tolossa Degaga ◽  
Abera Uncha Utallo
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range

Purpose The conceptual root of vulnerability dates back to the 1970s in the social science spheres. Vulnerability is a multi-dimensional and determinant precondition for disaster occurrence. The Gamo lowlands are exposed to a wide range of vulnerabilities. Therefore, this study aims to schematize community perceptions and understanding of vulnerability in drought-affected rural Gamo lowlands. Design/methodology/approach A community-based cross-sectional survey design and the mixed-methods research approach were executed. A four-staged multistage sampling was used to identify the respondent households. Into the four study sites, sample households were allocated proportionally by the lottery method. The survey data were gathered from 285 lowland households. The structured survey questionnaire, key informant interview, focus group discussion, and field observations, and transect walks were the tools used to collect the primary data. Data were analyzed deploying both qualitative and quantitative techniques. The Likert scale is used to analyze households’ vulnerability perceptions in which the item analysis approach was used for detailed analysis of the Likert-type items. Findings Locally, people perceive and understand vulnerability as exposure to drought hazard, rainfall inconsistency, the prevalence of human and animal diseases, livelihood insecurity, food shortfalls, poor income, lack of access to market, landholding and livestock ownership which are schematized by vulnerability perception pathways that delineate its extent. The findings also showed that the Gamo lowland inhabitants are unequally vulnerable as 96.5% of the studied households stated the differential idiosyncrasy of vulnerability. Old-aged, small-sized and female-headed households with no supportive force were found to be more vulnerable. Practical implications For better resilience, enhancing communities’ perceptions and understanding of vulnerability via continuous awareness creation by all the concerned stakeholders is recommended as the majority was lowly educated. It also yields input for policy debates and decision-making in the drought-prone lowland setup for building a resilient community. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is an original work pursued by using a household survey with empirical data sourced from drought-prone rural lowland communities.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study on feather cover damage in Canadian laying hens in non-cage housing systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin Decina ◽  
Olaf Berke ◽  
Nienke van Staaveren ◽  
Christine F. Baes ◽  
Tina M. Widowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Linear Regression Modeling

Abstract Background Feather damage (FD) resulting from feather pecking remains a concern in non-cage housing systems for laying hens worldwide. This study aimed to identify bird-, housing-, and management-related factors associated with FD in non-cage housing systems as the egg production sector phases out the conventional cage system in Canada. A survey on housing and management practices was developed and distributed to 122 laying hen farms where 39 respondents provided information on non-cage flocks. Farmers visually assessed 50 birds throughout the barn for FD using a 0–2 scoring scale according to severity. Prevalence of FD was calculated as the percentage of birds with any form of FD (score > 0). Multivariable linear regression modeling was used to identify factors associated with FD prevalence. Results Six variables were included in the final model and accounted for 64% of the variation in FD between farms. FD prevalence was higher with increasing flock age (0.9% ± 0.29) and when birds were housed in all wire/slatted barns compared with all litter barns (37.6% ± 13.1). Additionally, FD prevalence tended to be higher in barns with manure removal only after depopulation (20.1% ± 10.70). Enrichment also tended to be associated with higher FD (19.1% ± 8.04), possibly indicating that it was provided after FD was observed as a control measure, or, was not efficient in reducing the development of FD. Conclusions These findings emphasize the role of litter provision and management (e.g., manure removal effects on air quality), and its potential impact on FD among laying hens in non-cage housing systems in Canada. Further longitudinal and/or intervention studies are needed to assess the potential of the identified factors to function as a management strategy to prevent or reduce FD in non-cage housed laying hens.

The choice of grass species to combat desertification in semi‐arid Kenyan rangelands is greatly influenced by their forage value for livestock

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dickson Nyariki ◽  
Nashon Musimba ◽  
Moses Nyangito ◽  
Agnes Mwang'ombe ◽  
Kevin Mganga
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Forage Value ◽  
Species Preferences ◽  
Area Percentage

<p>Livestock production is the main source of livelihood in the arid and semi‐arid lands in Africa. However, desertification characterized by vegetation degradation and soil erosion is a major threat to the sustainability of land‐based production systems. Native rangeland forage species <em>Cenchrus ciliaris </em>L. (Buffel grass/African foxtail grass), <em>Eragrostis superba </em>Peyr. (Maasai love grass) and <em>Enteropogon macrostachyus</em> (Hochst. Ex A. Rich.) Monro ex Benth. (Bush rye grass) have been used to combat desertification. The objectives of the study were to identify the best‐suited native grass species to combat desertification in a semi‐arid environment in Kenya and to identify the preferred grass species among the agropastoralists in the area. Percentage basal cover, plant densities and frequencies of the three grasses in pure stands and mixtures were estimated. Grass species preferences were through household survey and focus group discussion. Results showed a significant difference (<em>P</em> < 0·05) in plant densities and cover estimates: <em>E. macrostachyus</em> was ranked first; <em>C. ciliaris</em> and <em>E. superba</em> were ranked second and third respectively. The agropastoral farmers, however, preferred <em>E. superba</em> followed by <em>C. ciliaris</em> and <em>E. macrostachyus,</em> a reverse trend. These results suggest that the choice of grass species to combat desertification is influenced more by its contribution as a source of forage for livestock than its contribution for rehabilitation purposes.</p>

scholarly journals Assessing vulnerability and adaptation strategies of forest dependent people to climate change in the Mid-hills of Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
K. Acharya ◽  
K. R. Tiwari ◽  
Y. P. Timilsina ◽  
S PC
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Rural People

Climate change is now recognized as one of the most serious challenges facing the world– its people, the environment and its economies. Rural people are more vulnerable to the effects of climate change due to its high dependence on climate-sensitive sectors like glaciers, agriculture and forestry, and its low financial adaptive capacity. This study was carried out with the aim of assessing and documenting vulnerability and adaptation strategies of forest-dependent people to climate change effects in Mid-hills of Nepal. Primary data were collected from household survey, interview with key informants, and focused group discussion. The results showed that the average annual rainfall was decreasing at the rate of 18.02 mm whereas the average annual mean temperature was increasing at the rate of 0.07°c per year. The major climatic hazards, of the study area, identified were long drought and landslide. The chi-square test shows that the poor forest-dependent people are more vulnerable to long drought, landslide and floods as compared to the rich rural people. Indigenous adaptation practices such as cultivation of vegetables and other crops that are less susceptible to droughts, and rearing of hybrid-varieties of livestock are mostly used to cope with climate change impacts. The results indicate that 15% of the respondents have changed their cropping pattern from paddy to off-seasonal vegetables crops because of more income from vegetable farming. Raising awareness and sharing information as well as increasing income from farming among the locals by applying new technologies should be done in order to build their capacity to cope with climate change impact.Banko Janakari, A Journal of Forestry Information for NepalVol. 25, No. 1Page: 55-62

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN ANTARA PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF DENGAN KEJADIAN DIARE PADA BALITA DI KELURAHAN AMPEL, KECAMATAN SEMAMPIR, KOTA SURABAYA 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Armina Analinta
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Focus Group Discussion ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test

Background: Diarrhea is an endemic disease in Indonesia and often cause death. In 2015 there were eighteen times the outbreak of diarrhea spread in eleven provinces, eighteen districts / cities, with the number one patient. 213 people and 30 deaths (CFR 2.47%). According to Surabaya City Health Office, there were 65.447 cases of diarrhea in 2015, in other words there were 23 cases of diarrhea in 1000 population. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and diarrhea  in RW XIII and RW XIV Kelurahan Ampel, Subdistrict Semampir, City of Surabaya in  2017. Methods: This was observational analytics study with cross sectional design. The population in this research were all the children under five in the area in RW XIII and RW XIV in Kelurahan Ampel. Sampling technique used was  simple random sampling involving 39 respondents. Primary data were collected by interview with questionnaire, Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Data were analyzed statistically using Fisher’s Exact Test. Results: The result of this this study, there was relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and diarrhea (p=0.000). Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and diarrhea.ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Diare adalah penyakit endemis di Indonesia dan sering menyebabkan kematian. Pada tahun 2015 terjadi delapan belas kali kejadian luar biasa diare yang  tersebar di sebelas provinsi, delapan belas kabupaten/kota, dengan jumlah penderita satu. 213 orang dan kematian 30 orang (CFR 2,47%). Menurut Dinas Kesehatan Kota Surabaya, pada tahun 2015 terdapat 65.447 kasus diare, dengan kata lain terdapat 23 kasus diare pada 1000 penduduk. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan asi eksklusif dengan diare pada balita di RW XIII dan RW XIV Kelurahan Ampel, Kecamatan Semampir,  Kota Surabaya  2017.Metode: Jenis penelitian adalah analitik observasional dengan desain cross sectional. Populasi pada penelitian ini yaitu seluruh balita yang berada di wilayah di RW XIII dan RW XIV di Kelurahan Ampel. Teknik pengambilan data menggunakan simple random sampling didapatkan 39 responden. Data Primer dikumpulkan dengan wawancara dengan kuesioner, Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Analisis data menggunakan uji statistik Fisher’s Exact.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian ASI eksklusif  memiliki hubungan dengan kejadian diare (p=0,000).Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara pemberian ASI Eksklusif dengan kejadian diare.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with cows' lying time, stall and cows' own cleanliness in smallholder dairy farms in Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1085-1092
Author(s):  
E. K. Kathambi ◽  
J. A. VanLeeuwen ◽  
G. K. Gitau ◽  
C. Kamunde
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Smallholder Dairy

Background and Aim: The welfare of animals kept in livestock production systems has raised concerns around the world. Adult dairy cattle require adequate rest and spend approximately 12 h/day lying down. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the stall factors and management practices affecting cows' lying time, stall cleanliness, and cows' cleanliness (udder and upper leg), in smallholder dairy cows in Meru County of Kenya. Materials and Methods: A total of 106 milking cows from 73 farms were assessed for daily lying time and cleanliness. Data loggers were used to record the lying time of cows for 3 days. Stall, udder, and upper leg cleanliness were assessed using a 5-score system: 1 (very clean) to 5 (very dirty). Management information was acquired using a questionnaire that was administered face-to-face to the farmers in their native Kimeru language. Univariable and multivariable linear and logistic regression models were fit to determine factors associated with cows' lying time and dichotomized stall and cows' own cleanliness, respectively. Results: The mean daily lying time was 10.9±2.2 h, and the mean stall cleanliness score was 2.4±1.0. The mean average cleanliness scores of the udder and upper legs were 1.9±0.7 and 2.5±1.1, respectively. Overall, 35% of the stalls were categorized as dirty (>2.5), whereas 13% and 47% of the cows had udder and leg cleanliness scores >2.5, respectively. From the final multivariable models (p<0.05), daily lying time increased by 1.0 h for cows older than 5.25 years versus younger cows. Conversely, lying time decreased by 1.0 h with stall cleanliness scores >2.5 and by 1.6 h with poorly positioned neck rails. In an interaction term, addition of new bedding at least once a day without removing stall manure at least once a day decreased the daily lying time of the cows by 1.5 h, whereas failure to add new bedding at least once a day but removing stall manure at least once a day decreased the lying time of the cows by 1.2 h. Farm-level risk factors for stall dirtiness (>2.5) included delayed cleaning of the alley (odds ratio [OR]=6.6, p=0.032), lack of bedding (OR=4.9, p=0.008), and standing idle and/or backward in the stall (OR=10.5, p=0.002). Stalls categorized as dirty (OR=2.9, p=0.041) and lack of bedding (OR=2.7, p=0.065) were cow- and farm-level risk factors for dirtiness of the udder (>2.5), respectively, whereas the stall being dirty (OR=2.3, p=0.043) was the only risk factor (cow level) for dirtiness of the upper legs (>2.5). Conclusion: It was recommended that farmers should pay attention to the specific factors identified regarding the stall design (e.g., neck rail position) and bedding/manure management that impact the cleanliness of cows and their lying time.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE AND FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY OF LAYING DUCK FARM WITH INTENSIVE SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
ANNISA H. N. ◽  
I W. SUKANATA ◽  
B. R. T. PUTRI
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Financial Feasibility ◽  
Hatching Eggs ◽  
Break Even Point ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Intensive System

This study aims to determine the management, production performance, financial feasibility, break-even point and sensitivity of business. The study began from December 2019 until January 2020 at UD. Sari Utama, located in Cepaka Village, Kediri District, Tabanan Regency. This research uses primary data. The variables observed in this study are livestock management, production performance, cost, financial feasibility, and sensitivity. The fe- asibility of laying duck business is analyzed using investment criteria analysis, PBP, BEP and sensitivity analysis. The results of this study indicate that the UD Sari Utama laying duck business has paid attention to several aspects of management including the selection of pra-layer ducks, cages, feed, labor, prevention and treatment of disease. The average egg production is 65%/day and the average number of eggs produced is consumption eggs 62,4% and 37,6% hatching eggs with a maintenance ratio of male and female ducks 1:10. The results of financial analysis show that this farm produces NPV 246.749.932, IRR 26,16%, Net B / C 2,2, PBP in 1,17 years, BEP in 5,96 years, BEP egg production 217.935 / year, BEP egg price Rp 1.649,84 / item. The results of the sensitivity analysis show that the business is sensitive to decreasing egg prices and increasing feed prices, with sensitivity values of 10,52% and 16,87%, respectively. Based on these results it can be concluded that the business of laying duck UD. Sari Utama is financially feasible.

scholarly journals Opportunities and Challenges of Rehabilitating Degraded Land in the Case of Cheha Woreda, Gurage Zone, SNNP Region, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tekilil Wolde
Keyword(s):  
Technology Use ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Qualitative Description ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Degraded Land

The research was conducted in chaha wereda gurage zone SNNP region of Ethiopia. The aim of the study was to assess opportunity and challenges of degraded land rehabilitation. From the total population of the study area 20% (73) respondents were selected in order to achieve the objective of the study at hand, for the study both primary and secondary data was generated. The primary data collection was started with a preliminary survey followed by a key informant interview, focus group discussion, and household survey with questionnaires. The secondary data were collected from books, unpublished thesis, project report, and workshops, open ended questionnaire and checklists for interview. The households were selected using stratified sampling technique (Cochran) sample size formula the process of analysis of the study was carried out using qualitative description and quantitative analysis. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the quantitative data were analyzed frequency and percentage when appropriate the qualitative data were discussed to substantiate the study. And the results were expressed in the form of tables and graphs. The findings of the study indicated that limited labor availability, high cost of maintenance. Lack of knowledge, soil conditions, high surfaces runoff, poor vegetation coverage, poor monitoring and evaluation, poor implementation and poor training on the technology use are major challenges.

scholarly journals Water Sector Reforms, Commercialization and Financial Sustainability of Public Water Utilities in Kenya: The Case of Homa Bay Water and Sewerage Company Limited

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Agwa Maryline Akinyi ◽  
Paul A. Odundo
Keyword(s):  
Financial Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Internal Audit ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Company Limited

Reforms in the Kenyan water sector entrenched the aspect of commercialization, which subjected water services to market forces and necessitated establishment of autonomous public utilities, such as Homa Bay Water and Sewerage Company Limited, to improve cost recovery, efficiency and sustainability. This study focused on how commercialization, as an aspect of the reforms, influenced the utility’s financial sustainability. A cross-sectional design, with mixed methods approach, guided the study. Primary data were sourced in mid 2017, from water officers, water users and water committee members. Quantitative techniques included cross-tabulation with Chi square statistic, Relative Importance Index and Kendall’s Coefficient of Concordance. The results show that compliance of procurement activities to relevant legislations was the most important aspect influencing the utility’s financial sustainability (relative weight = 0.838); followed by effectiveness of internal audit in enforcing expenditure policies (relative weight = 0.825); and relevance of activities on which water revenues were spent (relative weight = 0.812). The analysis obtained a strong and significant concordance of respondents’ views regarding relationship between financial management practices and the utility’s financial sustainability (Kendall’s W= 0.862, x2= 64.491, df = 4 & p-value = 0.000). Consequently, ensuring that procurement activities are strictly guided by procurement laws is important for preventing irregularities and minimizing loss of financial resources; while strengthening capacity of the internal audit department and enhancing its independence, are crucial antecedents for the utility’s financial sustainability.

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