scholarly journals Changing Rural Livelihood Strategies in the Community of Goljung, Rasuwa

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 21-36
Author(s):  
Dhyanendra Bahadur Rai
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Livelihood Strategies ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Rural Livelihood ◽  
Trade Route

 Different patterns of livelihood are found in different places within same community or different communities over the generation. Therefore livelihood strategy is a changing process of an individual or a household level of economic and social activities in order to fulfill daily livelihood needs. This paper seeks to explore the changing rural livelihood strategies of a community in mountain region of Nepal. The study is mainly based on primary data collected from field survey, focus group discussion (FGD) and key informant interview (KII). Questionnaire survey was conducted within 52 households by applying random sampling method. Likewise five KII and three FGDs were conducted and participants belonged to different field i.e. ward chairperson, ward women member, businessmen, wage labor, farmer and social worker. The finding indicates that livelihood strategies are changing rapidly in the rural areas. Similarly, multiple sources of income of a household have resulted into secured livelihood system in Goljung. Despite the fact that the agriculture with livestock farming was an important traditional source of livelihood in the past, the roles of non-agricultural sectors have become significant for livelihood sustaining in the rural community in Goljung, Rasuwa in the present days. After a decade, development of the hydro-electricity projects and trade route between Nepal and China has played the catalyst role for changing rural livelihoods of local people in this village. The Third Pole: Journal of GeographyVol. 17: 20-36, 2017

scholarly journals Livelihood Strategy of Community Forest Users: A Case from Nawalparasi District

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Devi Prasad Poudel
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Livelihood Strategies ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Community Forest ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Ecological Regions ◽  
Forest Users

This paper aims to identify the diversification of livelihood strategies of community forest users of different ecological regions in Nawalparasi district. This paper basically based on primary and secondary sources of information primary information have been collected from focus group discussion, key informant survey and household survey. All the primary data are concerned with forest users of the study area. The forest users of the study area have adopted mainly three types of livelihood strategies i.e. farm based, forest based and off-farm based. The finding of the study shows that livestock farming has occupied major role to achieve the average income from farm based livelihood. The linkages between community forest and livelihood of rural people have been found different in the different ecological regions in the study area. The changing life style of members of community forest users can help to manage the forest and improve the livelihood of rural people with the support of such livelihood options in the study area. Nepalese Journal of Development and Rural StudiesVol. 14 (Joint issue) (1&2), 2017, Page: 21-27

scholarly journals Poverty, Vulnerability, Non-timber Forest Products and Rural Livelihood: An Indian Experience

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jeetesh Rai
Keyword(s):  
Potential Risk ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Livelihood Strategies ◽  
Poverty Trap ◽  
Rural Poor ◽  
Economic Class ◽  
Rural Livelihood ◽  
Indian Experience ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products

Poverty, vulnerability as well as rural livelihoods are all complex and dynamic themes making it difficult to achieve. Households may respond differently to risk depending on factors such as the household’s socio-economic class, its lifecycle stage, its exposure to risk, its asset base and the coping strategies at their disposal. Rural households invest in a diversity of livelihood strategies and assets in order to spread potential risk and provide a buffer against vulnerability. Whilst some see this diversity as an inevitable poverty trap, households diversify as a means of coping as well as in response to changing opportunities and constraints. This paper argues that in India better management of forests and forest products like Non-Timber Forest Products can protect the rural poor - especially the forest dwellers, from the poverty trap, climatic vulnerability and insecure livelihood.

scholarly journals The Linkage between Institutional Changes and Food Security in Mtwara Region, Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Robert N. Shole ◽  
Kim A. Kayunze
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Direct Relation ◽  
Household Level ◽  
The Government ◽  
Moral Attitudes

This study focuses on the linkage between institutional changes and food security in Mtwara region. Institutional changes in terms of increase numbers of financial, commercial, hospitalizes, education, infrastructures and improved moral and altitudes of farmers have a direct relation with food availability and accessibility. Both formal and informal institutions have potentials to help improvement of food availability and accessibility. However, despite institutions dealing with food security having changed in Mtwara, food security is low. The fundamental question is which one among these institutions, has high impact on food security.This study sought to determine the linkage between institutional changes and food security in Mtwara region. The specific objectives of the study were to identify institutions existing and their functions at household level, analyze various sources of food grains and states of food security at the household level in Mtwara region, and assess the linkages between institutional changes and food security. Structured questionnaire, Focus Group Discussion and Oral interview had been useful for collecting primary information in which the best recorded interviewees were analyzed supplemented by documentaries (text and photography). Findings revealed that financial institutions and education have high impact on food security in the study area. Generally, this study concluded that banks, SACCOS, traditions (moral, attitudes, beliefs), and roadshave slightly difference effect on food security. Since 2010these institutions had been increased and improved and have a direct relation with food security.It is recommended that the, government and other stakeholders should create true transformation in rural people to provide them decent jobs, good living conditions, and different opportunities in order to maintain youth to stay in rural area for maximizing the food production. Further studies should be done on the factors influencing people to stay in rural areas in which agricultural activities are being done.  

scholarly journals Farmers’ livelihood strategies and perceived constraints from the poor and non-poor households: A dataset from a field survey in Nghe An, Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quy Van Khuc ◽  
Quan-Hoang Vuong ◽  
Phu Pham ◽  
My-Hien Nguyen ◽  
Cong-Thang Ngo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Livelihood Strategies ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Sustainable Rural Development ◽  
Plantation Forests ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Rural Livelihood ◽  
Perceived Constraints

rural livelihood, plantation forests, primary data, sustainable rural development, Vietnam

scholarly journals FOREST RESOURCE INCOME VARIATION IN MID-HILLS OF NEPAL: A CASE STUDY FROM TWO CFUGS OF PARBAT DISTRICT, NEPAL

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganesh Paudel
Keyword(s):  
Survey Methods ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Forest Resource ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Forest Income

 Inequality persists in Nepali society and various source of income including forest resource contributes to it. This study was conducted in two CFUGs of the Parbat district, Nepal and examines the variability in the forest resource income at the household level. Focus group discussion, Key informants survey and Household survey methods were employed to collect the primary data and random sample of 120 respondents were surveyed. Along with simple mathematical calculations statistical test ANOVA was performed for data analysis. Rich categories of users derive significantly more income from the CF than the middle and poor categories of users although being the larger share of CF income to the total forest income for poor users. The CF income also varies with the sex of the household head and caste of the users in absolute terms but not significant. The Gini coefficient of the income distribution is found 0.48, 0.34 and 0.31 for CF income, Private trees income and total forest income respectively. It is recommended to the CFUGs that the benefit sharing should be in the equitable basis for the sustainable use of the resources. International Journal of EnvironmentVolume-4, Issue-3, June-August 2015Page: 1-10

Is deagrarianisation real? A study of livelihood activities in rural northern Ghana

2006 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Awetori Yaro
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Livelihood Strategies ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Adaptation Process ◽  
Farm Sector ◽  
The Poor

This article examines the livelihoods, portfolios and degree of deagrarianisation of the peasantry in three villages in northern Ghana. It argues that deagrarianisation should be seen as a process embedded in social change, bearing in mind the reversibility between farm and non-farm livelihood strategies used by households (reagrarianisation?). A livelihoods research approach involving qualitative household interviews and quantitative surveys in three villages in the Kassena-Nankani district constitute primary data for this study. Contrary to the deagrarianisation thesis, this study found that livelihood adaptation, implying both a diversification to new or secondary livelihood activities and changing the form, nature and content of the farm sector, characterised rural livelihoods in the area. The adaptation process involves not just a move from the farm to the non-farm sector, but also an intensification of efforts in the farm sector with seasonal diversification into other livelihood activities. The supposedly ‘booming non-farm sector’ is not entirely real, for reasons of marginalisation and exclusion of the poor peasantry, resulting from spatial, capital, infrastructural and market limitations.

scholarly journals Impact of Collaborative Forest Management on Rural Livelihood: A Case Study of Maple Sap Collecting Households in South Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1594
Author(s):  
So-Hee Park ◽  
Youn Yeo-Chang
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Policy Option ◽  
Livelihood Strategies ◽  
National Forests ◽  
Rural Livelihood ◽  
The Government

Some forest-dependent rural communities participate in the Collaborative Forest Management (CFM) program in South Korea, which provides the local people with access to national forests for the collection of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) in return for their contribution to the management of national forests. This study investigated what factors influenced rural communities’ participation in CFM and how their participation in CFM affected livelihood strategies and income level. Households in 17 villages near the Seoul National University (SNU) forests owned by the Government were interviewed. The study found that CFM participating households tend to choose diversified livelihood strategies. CFM participating households with diversified livelihood strategies are likely to have a higher income than non-CFM participating households choosing sectoral focus strategies. Expansion of the CFM program is suggested as a policy option to improve forest-dependent rural livelihood. However, ageing and female-headed households are faced with difficulties in participating in CFM due to their physical ability of forestry work while new settlers restricted access to forest resources. There is a need for innovation in forest governance for equitable distribution of forest services for both original and new residents to achieve sustainable rural livelihoods.

scholarly journals Is the Traditional Handloom Industry in Assam in Trouble? Evidence from the Weavers in Barpeta District

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934-1937
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Third ◽  
Rural Livelihood ◽  
Market Requirements

The handloom industry, one of the largest traditional unorganised economic activities after agriculture, occupies an integral part of the rural livelihood. Growth and sustainability of this industry is based on the transfer of skill from one generation to the next as well as their ability to adapt to market requirements. As per the Third Handloom Census of India (2009-2010), about 2.38 million handloom units provided employment to 4.33 million persons of which, 3.63 million workers are in rural areas and .698 million workers in urban areas, respectively. In Assam, by providing livelihood to millions of weavers and craftsmen in rural areas, a vital role has been being played by this industry in the economic development of the rural masses. However, over the last couple of years, it has been noticed that the situation has changed and this age-old tradition of handloom weaving as an activity is in deep crisis. Considering such a critical juncture faced by both the industry and the weavers alike, this paper aims at exploring the present situation of the handloom industry in Assam. An attempt of in-depth primary study of 200 weavers in Barpeta district has been performed and descriptive statistics has been used to analyse the primary data. Results show that the continuation of this tradition in future is under question in the district. A very less percentage of weavers’ children are interested in continuing their hereditary occupation of weaving in future.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Human Capital in Southern Punjab: An Empirical Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-191
Author(s):  
Salyha Zulfiqar Ali Shah ◽  
Imran Sharif Chaudhry ◽  
Fatima Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Annual Budget ◽  
Per Capita

Analyzing the factors affecting human capital at household level increases the productivity of people living in developing countries. A primary data was collected through a household survey to study the factors affecting human capital in Southern Punjab using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression technique. The findings show that the location of the household in rural areas, occupation of the household head in the primary sector, household size, household poverty and female/male ratio shows significant and negatively affecting the human capital of the households in Southern Punjab. Moreover, per capita income, number of earners in the household, remittances are significant and positively affecting the human capital of the households in Southern Punjab. The annual budget allocation for education in Pakistan is very low, so Government should allocate a significant amount of funds to the education sector.

scholarly journals Changing Pattern of Rural Life and Livelihood: An Ethnographic Investigation

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 52-62
Author(s):  
Megh Vilas Bhatta ◽  
Suman Kharel
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Livelihood Strategies ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Causative Factors ◽  
Community People ◽  
Tools And Techniques ◽  
Key Informant Interview

The changing livelihood is an unstoppable phenomenon of the contemporary world at the present era. In the due course of social development, changes have been noticed and the social transformation has become an inevitable process. In the study upon the Aarukharka village, various external interventions like modernity, urbanization and globalization have been found to be the causative factors of ongoing changes in the pattern of people’s life and livelihood strategies in the studied community. A qualitative approach backed up by the ethnographic method was applied while various tools and techniques such as elongated stay with the community people followed by key informant interview (KII) and interaction with the participants, observation and discussion were used to gather data. Although change is a dynamic and a common phenomenon, this study implies that the change in the livelihood pattern of the target community is because of the increasing influence of the above mentioned interventions. The finding indicates that livelihood strategies are changing rapidly in the rural areas of Nepal. Despite the fact that the agriculture with livestock farming was an important traditional source of livelihood in the past, the roles of non-agricultural sectors have become significant for livelihood sustaining in the rural communities of Nepal in the present days.

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