scholarly journals Screening of local, improved and hybrid rice genotypes against leaf blast disease (Pyricularia oryzae) at Banke district, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-52
Author(s):  
Basistha Acharya ◽  
Sunder Man Shrestha ◽  
Hira Kaji Manandhar ◽  
Bedananda Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Leaf Blast ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Rice (Oryza sativa) is the major cereal crop of Nepal which is being faced by the devastating rice blast disease caused by Pyricularia oryzae Cavara. An experiment was conducted to screen rice genotypes against leaf blast disease under disease conducive upland nursery at Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Khajura, Banke, Nepal during July to November, 2016. A total of 101 rice genotypes (comprising of local, improved and hybrid) including resistant and susceptible check were screened in a randomized complete block design with two replications. Disease scoring was done beginning from the 20th days of sowing by using the disease rating scale 0-9. Amongst the tested 101 rice genotypes, 28 genotypes were found resistant, 15 genotypes were moderately resistant, 16 genotypes were moderately susceptible, 39 genotypes were susceptible and 3 genotypes were highly susceptible to leaf blast. The information revealed from this study could be helpful for rice leaf blast disease management and utilizing these resistant and moderately resistant genotypes for further resistance breeding program.

scholarly journals Evaluating Sheath Blight Resistance in Rice Using Detached Tiller and Field Screening Method

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bedanand Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Sheath Blight ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Rice Genotypes

In present study physical resistance test on 12 rice varieties against sheath blight (ShB) caused by Rhizoctonia solani was examined. A detached tiller test was used to measure components of ShB physiological resistance at Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Tarahara, Nepal. The varieties were evaluated in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications in year 2010-12. A sclerotium was inserted below the leaf collar of individual tillers maintained in tubes filled with water. Only the 56-day old susceptible plants were inoculated. After 7 days of inoculation, number of lesions, dead leaves, vertical sheath colonization and disease severity were measured. In 2011, field experiments were conducted with three replications to address morphological resistance in 28 rice genotypes. Disease incidence was recorded on 14, 21 and 28 days after inoculation. The number of dead leaves differed only numerically while disease variables significantly (P=0.004) varied among varieties. The other variables were highly correlated with each other. Cluster analysis of variables formed three varietal groups; Sabitri with lowest, and Jasmine-85 and Betichikon having highest values. Rice genotypes differed significantly (P=0.05) for disease incidence and area Under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC). Tetep and IAC-165 had the lowest and highest terminal disease incidences and AUDPC, respectively. Sabitri, MTU-1010 and IR-26 recorded lower AUDPC values. Hence, Tetep and Sabitri could be used as donors in hybridization and their plant morphology could be considered as selection guide for improving ShB resistance in rice.Journal of Nepal Agricultural Research Council Vol.1 2015 pp.1-8

scholarly journals Screening of rice genotypes for leaf blast resistance under field condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-286
Author(s):  
Pratiksha Sharma ◽  
Prem Bahadur Magar ◽  
Suraj Baidya ◽  
Ram Baran Yadaw
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Disease Assessment ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Leaf Blast ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Blast, caused by Pyriculariagrisea (Sacc.) is the most destructive disease of rice in Nepal. To identify the sources of leaf blast resistance in rice genotypes, a field experiment was conducted under natural epiphytotic condition at National Plant Pathology Research Centre (NPPRC), Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal during summer season in 2018 and 2019.A total of 128 rice genotypes in 2018 and 291during 2019 including resistant check (Sabitri) and susceptible check (Shankharika/Mansuli) were tested. Field experiment was conducted in single rod row design. Leaf blast disease assessment was done according to 0-9 scale. During 2018, 59 entries were highly resistant (Score 0), 34 resistant (Score 1), 26 moderately resistant (Score 2-3), 5 were moderately susceptible (Score 4-5), 4 susceptible (Score 6-7) and none of them were highly susceptible (Score 8-9) to leaf blast. Similarly, in 2019, 6 lines were highly resistant, 70 resistant, 196 moderately resistant, 15 lines were moderately susceptible, 4 susceptible and none of them were highly susceptible to the disease. Only, one genotype NR2179-82-2-4-1-1-1-1 (Score 1) was found resistant in both years. Similarly, genotype NR2182-22-1-3-1-1-1 (Score 2-3) was found moderately resistant. Some of the genotypes were found resistant in 2018 which become moderately resistant in 2019, they were NR2180-20-2-5-1-1-1-1, IR97135-8-3-1-3, IR98786-13-1-2-1, NR2181-139-1-3-1-1-1-1, and IR13F402. So, findings of these resistant and moderately resistant genotypes could be used in resistant source for the development of leaf blast resistant rice varieties through hybridization in future.

scholarly journals Response of zinc application on growth, zinc content and grain yield of rice genotypes and correlation between zinc content and yield attributes of rice genotypes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkatesh Dore ◽  
R.V. Koti ◽  
K.K. Math
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Field experiments were conducted during kharif 2013 and 2014 at Agricultural Research Station, Mugad, University of Agricultural Sciences (UAS), Dharwad (Karnataka), to determine the response of zinc applicationon on growth, zinc content and grain yield of rice genotypes and also studied correlation between yield and zinc content. The experiment was comprised of 20 genotypes and three treatments viz., T1: Control (no zinc); T2: Soil application of ZnSO4 (20 kg ha-1) T3– Foliar Spray of ZnSO4 @ 0.5% at 50% flowering, laid out in factorial randomized block design with two replications. The data revealed that application of ZnSO4 recorded significantly higher plant height (85.9 cm), leaf area (764.5 cm-2 plant-1), number of tillers (95.4 m-1), total dry weight (26.1 g plant-1), panicle weight(15.3 g plant-1), number of panicles (81.6 m-1) and grain yield(3966 kg ha-1) over the foliar application of Zn and control . However number of grains panicle-1 (97.8 panicle-1), test weight (23.7 g), shoot and seed zinc content (15.9 and 21.2 ppm, respectively) were increased with foliar application of Zn. Correlation studies classified the genotypes as high seed zinc content (> 21 ppm) and low seed zinc content genotypes ( less than 21 ppm). High and low seed zinc content genotypes showed negative correlation with yield and yield attributes. However, shoot zinc content was positively correlated with yield.

scholarly journals Growth and yield performance of different open pollinated tomato genotypes in Terai region of Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 256-264
Author(s):  
Tek Prasad Gotame ◽  
Surendra Lal Shrestha ◽  
Sujata Poudel ◽  
Jiban Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Superior Genotype ◽  
Moderate Resistance ◽  
Tomato Genotypes

Tomato is one of the major vegetable crops inNepal. The productivity of tomato in Nepal is very low due to lack of high yielding, disease and pests resistant varieties.The objective of the experiement was to evaluate the  performance of open pollinated tomato genotypes. Ten open pollinated tomato genotypes were evaluated at on-station research field of Regional Agricultural Research Station, Parwanipur, Bara in the winter seasons of 2015 and 2017, and seven tomato genotypes were evaluated at farmers’ fields of Bara and Parsa districts, Nepal in the winter seasons of 2017 and 2018.The experiments were carried out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Results of the on-station experiments showed that HRDTOM084 produced the highest yield (29.1 t/ha in 2015 and 28.5 t/ha in 2017)  and showed consistant performance over the two seasons. It was the superior genotype in terms of yield and yield attributing traits. Tomato genotypes HRDTOM011, HRD109, HRDTOM080 and HRDTOM086 were found vigorous with a score value 5  in 1 to 5 rating scale. The results of the farmers’ field experiment showed that the tomato genotypes HRDTOM084 and HRDTOM085 were found more productive and high yielding compared to other genotypes. The highest yield was produced in HRDTOM084 with a mean of two season yield 49.85 t/ha followed by HRDTOM085 with a mean of two season yield 47.42 t/ha).These genotypes showed moderate resistance to late blight and septoria leaf spot with a score value of 2.3 in 1-5 rating scale. Therefore, HRDTOM084 and HRDTOM085 were the most productive and gave higher yield compared to others.  Hence, these two tomato genotypes can be used by tomato growers under field conditions in Terai region of Nepal.

Field Evaluation of Trichoderma viride for the Management of Rice Leaf Blast Disease in Pyuthan District, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-266
Author(s):  
N. R. Bhusal ◽  
B. Acharya ◽  
A. R. Devkota ◽  
J. Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Leaf Blast ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Agriculture Modernization

A field experiment was conducted at Prime Minister Agriculture Modernization Project (Zone office), Bijuwar, Pyuthan from 18th April, 2017 to 12nd September, 2017 to evaluate the efficacy of Trichoderma viride in the management of leaf blast diseases of rainy season rice under field conditions. The experiment was laid out in two factors factorial Randomized Complete Block Design with five replications. The treatment consisted of two varieties of rice of which one is improved and resistant to blast disease (Sabitri) and another is local (Radha 7) and two rates of Trichoderma viride (5 ml/lit. and 0 ml/lit.). The leaf blast disease was scored three times using the disease rating scale 0-9 given by IRRI, 2002 from 75 DAT to 85 DAT at 5 days interval. The disease incidence, severity and AUDPC value were calculated and analyzed by using RSTAT. The variety factor and Trichoderma viride factor varied significantly for leaf blast incidence, severity and AUDPC, however, the interaction of variety and Trichoderma viride factor varied significantly only in AUDPC value. Disease incidence, severity and AUDPC were found least in Sabitri in comparison to Radha 7. T. viride had significant role in reducing the disease incidence, severity and AUDPC value. The interaction of Sabitri and Trichoderma viride treatment was found best with the mean AUDPC value being the least 3.228. So, the application of Trichoderma viride was found efficient for leaf blast management and it is more effective when applied along with an improved and resistant variety.

scholarly journals West Sumatra Brown Rice resistance to Brown Planthopper and Blast Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 893-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
INDRA DWIPA ◽  
AUZAR SYARIF ◽  
IRFAN SULIANSYAH ◽  
ETTI SWASTI
Keyword(s):  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Black Rice ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Dwipa I, Syarif A, Suliansyah I, Swasti E. 2018. West Sumatra Brown Rice resistance to Brown Planthopper and Blast Disease. Biodiversitas 19: 893-898. Brown rice is a highly nutritious rice widely consumed as the carbohydrate substitute of common rice. Brown rice resistance to biotic stress is one of indicators of a superior variety. Our study aimed to analyze the response of several brown rice genotypes from West Sumatra to brown planthopper attack and blast disease. This study comprised two experiments, the resistance assay to brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens (Stal.) and the resistance assay to blast fungi Pyricularia oryzae. The resistance assay to brown planthopper was done using randomized block design experiment with three replicates. Eighteen brown rice genotypes (15 brown rice, 2 black rice, and 1 control genotype) were tested in the assay. From 17 brown and black rice tested, 7 genotypes were resistant and 2 were moderately resistant. For blast resistance analysis, fifteen rice genotypes (13 brown rice and 2 black rice) were used. There was only 1 genotype highly resistant and 3 moderately resistant to blast disease among those 15 brown and black rice.

scholarly journals Intensitas Penyakit Blas (Pyricularia oryzae Cav.) pada Padi Varietas Ciherang di Lokasi Endemik dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Kehilangan Hasil

Agrikultura ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarkus Suganda ◽  
Endah Yulia ◽  
Fitri Widiantini ◽  
Hersanti Hersanti
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Leaf Blast ◽  
Neck Blast

ABSTRACTDisease intensity of blast disease (Pyricularia oryzae Cav.) of Ciherang rice variety at the endemic location and its effect on yield lossBlast is one of the most important diseases of rice worldwide. Many countries have developed data on the intensity and yield loss due to blast disease, whereas Indonesia has no such data resulted from trial specifically designed to estimate blast intensity at the endemic location and its potential yield loss. Such data are needed for various purposes, such as for disease management policy and research background. A trial has been carried out at Desa Bojong, Kecamatan Cikembar, Kabupaten Sukabumi, a location where blast was endemic for years, using var. Ciherang that is known as susceptible and widely grown by farmers. Eight concentrations of fungicide of single as well as mix active ingredients were used to see the effects in suppressing blast diseases compared with of control. Trial used a Randomized Block Design with 5 replicates. The parameters observed were the intensity of leaf blast, neck blast and yield. The results showed that the disease intensity of var. Ciherang at the endemic location was 55.60% of leaf blast and 37.75% of neck blast. The potency of yield loss calculated was 3.65 ton/ha or equal with 61% of the average yield of var. Ciherang as described in its variety description. This number justifies the important of control measures of rice blast diseases.Keywords: Blast disease intensity, var. Ciherang, Potency of yield lossABSTRAKPenyakit blas merupakan salah satu penyakit utama pada tanaman padi di seluruh dunia. Berbagai negara sudah memiliki data tentang intensitas dan kehilangan hasil padi oleh penyakit blas, sementara di Indonesia belum ada hasil pengujian yang khusus dirancang untuk melihat tingkat intensitas penyakit blas di daerah endemik dan potensi kehilangan hasil yang diakibatkannya. Data sejenis ini penting untuk berbagai keperluan antara lain untuk kebijakan pengendalian dan dasar pentingnya penelitian. Suatu percobaan telah dilakukan di Desa Bojong, Kecamatan Cikembar, Kabupaten Sukabumi yang merupakan daerah endemik penyakit blas selama bertahun-tahun, menggunakan var Ciherang yang merupakan varietas rentan namun populer ditanam petani. Delapan bahan aktif fungisida berbahan aktif tunggal dan majemuk digunakan untuk melihat pengaruh penekanannya dibandingkan kontrol. Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan lima ulangan. Parameter yang diamati adalah intensitas penyakit blas daun dan blas leher malai serta hasil padi. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa intensitas penyakit blas pada tanaman padi var. Ciherang di daerah endemik adalah 55,60% untuk blas daun, dan 37,75% untuk blas leher malai. Potensi kehilangan hasil oleh gabungan penyakit blas pada var. Ciherang adalah 3,65 ton/ha atau setara dengan 61% kehilangan hasil jika dibandingkan terhadap rata-rata produksi var. Ciherang menurut spesifikasi varietas. Data ini menjustifikasi perlunya pengambilan tindakan pengendalian penyakit blas pada tanaman padi.Kata Kunci: Intensitas penyakit blas, var. Ciherang, Potensi kehilangan hasil

Sources of resistance to Fusarium wilt and root-knot nematode in indigenous chickpea germplasm

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohar Singh ◽  
Z. Khan ◽  
Krishna Kumar ◽  
M. Dutta ◽  
Anju Pathania ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Chickpea Wilt ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum, Schlecht. emend. Snyd. & Hans. f. sp. ciceri is prevalent in most chickpea-growing countries and is a major devastating disease. Host plant resistance is the most practical method of disease management. Indigenous chickpea germplasm reveals a heterogeneous genetic make-up and the response of resistance to wilt is an unexplored potential source for disease resistance. There are 70 indigenous germplasm lines selected on the basis of their agronomic performance and diverse areas of collections in the country. Of these, four accessions had a highly resistant score of 1 and six had a score of 3 using a 1–9 rating scale, indicating their level of resistance to Fusarium wilt (race 4). Other germplasm accessions of chickpea were found to be moderately resistant to highly susceptible disease reaction. Likewise, the same set of germplasm was also screened for Meloidogyne incognita (race 1) using pot culture under controlled condition. Only one accession was found to be resistant to this pest. These resistant gene sources can be utilised effectively for race-specific chickpea wilt and root-knot resistance breeding programmes.

scholarly journals Effects of Some Cover Crops on Light Extinction and Weed Coverage in Sunflower Field

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hassannejad ◽  
A.R. Mobli
Keyword(s):  
Extinction Coefficient ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Light Extinction ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Cover

Abstract In order to evaluate the effects of some cover crops on extinction coefficient and weed cover percentage in sunflower, a field experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with nine treatments and three replicates at the Agricultural Research Station, Tabriz University of Iran, during growing season 2012-2013. Treatments were triticale, hairy vetch, rapeseed, triticale + hairy vetch, triticale + rapeseed, hairy vetch + rapeseed, application of trifluralin herbicide, and controls (weed infested and weed free without planting cover crop). Result indicated than once established, living mulches can rapidly occupy the open space between the rows of the main crop and use the light that would otherwise be available to weeds. In the all cover crops treatments, the light extinction coefficient was increased and weed cover percentage was reduced. Highest reduction in total weed species was observed in hairy vetch + rapeseed and triticale + rapeseed cover crop 61.92% and 61.43 %, respectively, compared to weed infested, so this treatment was better than trifluralin application. It concluded that cover crops could be considered as integrated strategies for weed sustainable management.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF SPRAYING WITH POTASSIUM SILICATE AND IRRIGATION WITH SALINE WATER IN SANDY SOIL ON Calendula officinalis L.

2019 ◽  
pp. 39-56
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Potassium Silicate ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Calendula Officinalis ◽  
Calendula Officinalis L

Two pots experiments were conducted at the Experimental Farm of El-Qassasin Horticultural Research Station, Agricultural Research Center, Ismailia Governorate, Egypt, during two successive seasons of 2016/2017 – 2017/2018, to investigate the effect of potassium silicate at (0, 4, 6, and 8 cm3/l) as a foliar spray under different levels of water salinity (tap water, 1000, 2000 and 3000 ppm) on Calendula officinalis L. plant. The experiment was performed in complete randomized block design as factorial experiment with 3 replicates. The obtained results cleared that using salinity levels decreased growth parameters (plant height, number of branches/plant, fresh and dry weights of herb/plant), flowering parameters (flower diameter, number of flowers/plant, fresh and dry weight of flowers (g/plant) during eight cuts and fresh and dry weight of flowers (g/plant/season)) and chemical constituents (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carbohydrate and carotenoid contents) compared to control. Moreover, the highest values in these parameters were registered by potassium silicate at 8 cm3/l concentration. Proline content increased in leaves with using saline water at 3000 ppm + potassium silicate at 8 cm3/l. Generally, it could be concluded that potassium silicate at 8 cm3/l, showed a uniform impact in alleviating inhibition of Calendula officinallis L. plant growth and productivity under moderate salinity stress condition.

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