Field Evaluation of Trichoderma viride for the Management of Rice Leaf Blast Disease in Pyuthan District, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-266
Author(s):  
N. R. Bhusal ◽  
B. Acharya ◽  
A. R. Devkota ◽  
J. Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Leaf Blast ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Agriculture Modernization

A field experiment was conducted at Prime Minister Agriculture Modernization Project (Zone office), Bijuwar, Pyuthan from 18th April, 2017 to 12nd September, 2017 to evaluate the efficacy of Trichoderma viride in the management of leaf blast diseases of rainy season rice under field conditions. The experiment was laid out in two factors factorial Randomized Complete Block Design with five replications. The treatment consisted of two varieties of rice of which one is improved and resistant to blast disease (Sabitri) and another is local (Radha 7) and two rates of Trichoderma viride (5 ml/lit. and 0 ml/lit.). The leaf blast disease was scored three times using the disease rating scale 0-9 given by IRRI, 2002 from 75 DAT to 85 DAT at 5 days interval. The disease incidence, severity and AUDPC value were calculated and analyzed by using RSTAT. The variety factor and Trichoderma viride factor varied significantly for leaf blast incidence, severity and AUDPC, however, the interaction of variety and Trichoderma viride factor varied significantly only in AUDPC value. Disease incidence, severity and AUDPC were found least in Sabitri in comparison to Radha 7. T. viride had significant role in reducing the disease incidence, severity and AUDPC value. The interaction of Sabitri and Trichoderma viride treatment was found best with the mean AUDPC value being the least 3.228. So, the application of Trichoderma viride was found efficient for leaf blast management and it is more effective when applied along with an improved and resistant variety.

scholarly journals Screening of local, improved and hybrid rice genotypes against leaf blast disease (Pyricularia oryzae) at Banke district, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-52
Author(s):  
Basistha Acharya ◽  
Sunder Man Shrestha ◽  
Hira Kaji Manandhar ◽  
Bedananda Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Leaf Blast ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Rice (Oryza sativa) is the major cereal crop of Nepal which is being faced by the devastating rice blast disease caused by Pyricularia oryzae Cavara. An experiment was conducted to screen rice genotypes against leaf blast disease under disease conducive upland nursery at Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Khajura, Banke, Nepal during July to November, 2016. A total of 101 rice genotypes (comprising of local, improved and hybrid) including resistant and susceptible check were screened in a randomized complete block design with two replications. Disease scoring was done beginning from the 20th days of sowing by using the disease rating scale 0-9. Amongst the tested 101 rice genotypes, 28 genotypes were found resistant, 15 genotypes were moderately resistant, 16 genotypes were moderately susceptible, 39 genotypes were susceptible and 3 genotypes were highly susceptible to leaf blast. The information revealed from this study could be helpful for rice leaf blast disease management and utilizing these resistant and moderately resistant genotypes for further resistance breeding program.

scholarly journals Empirical Study on Effect of Silicon Application on Rice Blast Disease and Plant Morphology in Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adha Fatmah Siregar ◽  
Husnain Husnain ◽  
Kuniaki Sato ◽  
Toshiyuki Wakatsuki ◽  
Tsugiyuki Masunaga
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Physical Barrier ◽  
Leaf Blast ◽  
Stomata Density ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Tissue Surface ◽  
Leaf P

<p>Si fertilizer was never used in rice cultivation by farmers in Indonesia. To evaluate the effect of Si application on blast disease, plant morphologies, and stomata formation on rice plant, a field experiment was conducted in West Java, Indonesia. Two treatments, Si+ (with 1000 kg ha<sup>-1 </sup>of silica gel) and Si- (without Si application) were set in a randomized complete block design. The results showed that Si application in soil with high available Si 426 mg SiO<sub>2</sub> kg<sup>-1</sup> significantly reduce leaf (p &lt; 0.01) and neck (p &lt; 0.05) blast disease infection and increased stomata density (p &lt; 0.01). Si- had severer leaf blast infection than Si+ which could reach up to score 4 and 5. Si deposited on the tissue surface acts as a physical barrier by thickening the Si layer in cuticle which could decrease the number of blast lessions on leaf blades by limiting hypa penetration and invasion. Recently there was no report to prove whether Si deposition improves or changes the stomata density. The results confirmed that Si application have the potential of improving rice growth and yield through the increase of resistance to blast infection and increment in stomata density although they did not result in the yield increment in the present study.</p>

scholarly journals Binucleate Rhizoctonia on Tobacco in Zimbabwe

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Masuka
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Binucleate Rhizoctonia ◽  
Tobacco Seedlings ◽  
Disease Rating ◽  
Causal Pathogen

Rhizoctonia solani Kühn (teleomorph Thanatephorus cucumeris (A. B. Frank) Donk) anastomosis groups AG 4 and AG 3 cause, respectively, widespread stem rot and leaf spot diseases of tobacco in Zimbabwe (2). Stem rot leads to substantial field losses, necessitating routine chemical and biological control (1). A recent increase in reports on Rhizoctonia-induced damping-off in tobacco seedlings and lodging of mature field plants prompted detailed studies on the causal pathogen. Nuclear fluorescence microscopy studies of 83 isolates from diseased tobacco revealed the presence of binucleate isolates. The isolates were collected in 1981 (1 isolate), 1990 (1 isolate), 1996 (3 isolates), and 1997 (1 isolate) and caused damping-off in seedlings (2 isolates) and stem rot and lodging in field tobacco (4 isolates). We confirmed that all binucleate isolates contained only two nuclei per cell. There was variability in the number of nuclei among the multinucleate stem rot (mean 4.2, SE 0.265) and leaf spot (mean 7.5, SE 0.259) isolates. Two tested binucleate Rhizoctonia isolates were pathogenic to 7-week-old tobacco seedlings (cv. Kutsaga 35) in a greenhouse experiment, laid out as a randomized complete block design. Uninoculated healthy plants served as control. Based on a disease rating scale of 1 to 5 (1 = no disease and 5 = >50% stem damage), overall disease incidence was 88.9% 5 days after inoculation with macerated mycelium at the rate of 3.60 × 105 CFU per seedling, applied around the stem base. Over 50% of inoculated seedlings were rated in disease categories 4 and 5. Binucleate Rhizoctonia were consistently isolated from infected plants. A country-wide survey is being conducted to determine the incidence, distribution and severity of diseases caused by binucleate Rhizoctonia on tobacco in Zimbabwe. References: (1) J. S. Cole and Z. Zvenyika. Plant Pathol. 37:271, 1988. (2) S. I. Mpofu and A. M. Julian. J. Phytopathol. 140: 367, 1994.

scholarly journals Eco-friendly management of major diseases in jute (Corchorus olitorius L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 541-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. Meena ◽  
A. Roy ◽  
B. S. Gotyal ◽  
S. Mitra ◽  
S. Satpathy
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Corchorus Olitorius ◽  
Farm Yard Manure ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Fibre Yield ◽  
Cent Disease

Field experiment was conducted for disease management with seven eco-friendly treatments in Corchorus olitorius jute during 2012-2013 under randomized block design (RBD) in three replications with variety JRO-524. The ecofriendly treatment 50% N: P: K + seed treatments with Azotobacter and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) @ 5g/Kg+ Trichoderma viride (seed treatment @ 5g/Kg of seed and soil application @ 2Kg/ha at 21DAS) + Psuedomonas fluorescens spray @ 0.2% at 45DAS was found superior with minimum per cent disease incidence (3.46 and 1.43%) as compared to control (13.17 and 4.96%). The second best treatment was found with Farm yard manure (FYM) @ 5t/ha + seed treatment with Azotobecter and PSB @ 5g/Kg+ T. viride (seed treatment @ 5g/Kg of seed and soil application @ 2Kg/ha 21DAS)+ P. fluorescencs spray @ 0.2% at 45DAS and showed 3.61 and 2.0% disease incidence. The treatment with N: P: K @ 60:30:30 and seed treatment with carbendazim 50WP @ 2g/Kg at 45DAS showed 4.56 and 2.10 % disease incidence. Dry fibre yield was highest (30.33q/ha) in the plots treated with FYM @ 5t/ha + seed treatment with Azotobacter and PSB @ 5g/Kg+ T. viride (seed treatment @ 5g/Kg of seed and soil application @ 2Kg/ha at 21DAS) + P. fluorescencs spray @ 0.2% at 45DAS) and it was lowest in untreated control (15.69 q/ha).Variation in yield was attributed due to difference in plant height.

scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF THE APPLICATION OF ORGANIC MATTER AND TRICHODERMA VIRIDE FROM SUPPRESIVE SOIL TO CONTROL FUSARIUM WILT ON BANANA PLANT

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Ivayani Ivayani ◽  
Cipta Ginting ◽  
Yusnita Yusnita ◽  
Suskandini Ratih Dirmawati
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Banana Plant ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Soil Medium ◽  
Banana Production

Effectiveness of the application of organic matter and Trichoderma viride from suppresive soil to control fusarium wilt on banana plant. Fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense is one of the problems in banana production. This research was aimed to evaluate the effect of  Trichoderma viride isolated from suppresive soil and organic matter on controlling fusarium wilt on banana plant. The efficcacy trial consisted of 12 treatments and four replications within each treatment. Each experimental unit consisted of 10 plants. Organic matters used were rice straw, cassava peel, and compost. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Data obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance followed by orthogonal analysis (P≤0.05). Application of T. viride suppressed disease incident up to 65%. The highest disease incident occurred in plants treated without T. viride and organic matter and in plants treated with organic matter only (78.33%). Disease incidence in plants treated with T.viride was lower than those treated with the combination of T. viride and organic matter. Different application times (in nursery or soil medium) did not significantly affect fusarium wilt incidence. The type of organic matter did not significantly affect the incidence and severity of fusarium wilt.

scholarly journals Reaction of Different Rice Lines Against Leaf and Neck Blast under Field Condition Of Chitwan Valley

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
KD Puri ◽  
SM Shrestha ◽  
KD Joshi ◽  
GB KC
Keyword(s):  
Field Condition ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Pyricularia Grisea ◽  
Leaf Blast ◽  
Neck Blast ◽  
Chitwan Valley ◽  
Moderately Resistant

The severity of the rice blast disease (Pyricularia grisea) of both leaf and neck varies with different environment and it becomes destructive under favorable condition. The leaf and neck blast resistance and susceptible interaction of 30 different tropical rice lines were evaluated under low-, mid- and up-land conditions of Chitwan district and classified on the basis of disease severity with respect to susceptible check, Masuli. Of them, 5, 10, 12 and 3 rice lines were resistant to leaf blast, moderately resistant, moderately susceptible susceptible, respectively. Similarly, for the neck blast nine lines were resistant, thirteen moderately resistant, seven moderately susceptible and one was susceptible. The progenies from Masuli/MT4 had the highest leaf and neck blast susceptible reaction, while the most of progenies from IPB (Irradiated Pusa Basmati), KalinghaIII_IR64, Radha 32_ KIII and Masuli_IR64 were resistant, and the most promising sources against leaf and neck blast resistance. Therefore, the progenies from these parents can be used in breeding the resistant variety. Key words: Pyricularia grisea, resistance, rice lines J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci. 27:37-44 (2006)

scholarly journals Participatory Evaluation of Some Tomato Genotypes for Resistance to Bacterial Wilt

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 50-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram D. Timila ◽  
Sharada Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Participatory Evaluation ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Development Center

Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum E.F. Smith is one of the destructive diseases of tomato. Experiments were conducted to confirm the resistance and to evaluate varieties received from Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center against bacterial wilt disease in the farmers’ bacterial wilt sick fields at Thaiba and at Panchkhal during 1999 and 2000-2001 respectively. A total of five varieties such as CLN 2026 C, CLN 2026 D, CLN 1466 J, CLN 1466 P and susceptible check Lapsigede or L 390 were included in the experiments. Randomized complete block design with 4 replications was commenced at both the locations. In terms of disease incidence and yield parameters as well as consumers’ preference on the fruit size, CLN 2026 C was found the best variety followed by CLN 2026 D. Wilt incidence was significantly lower in those varieties showing resistant reaction than in susceptible check. However, the marketable fruit yields were significantly higher with low wilt incidences in CLN 1466 P and CLN 1466 J also compared to susceptible check. But the large fruit size of those varieties was not acceptable to the consumers and the  growers. Thus, CLN 2026 C and CLN 2026 D could be used as resistant variety to minimize crop losses from bacterial wilt disease.Nepal Agric. Res. J. Vol. 8, 2007, pp. 50-55DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/narj.v8i0.11580

scholarly journals Effects of N Application on the Development of Blast Disease and Yield of Rice Under Sawah System in Nigeria

2014 ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
Clement Afolabi ◽  
Sunday Adigbo
Keyword(s):  
Severity Score ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Lesion Area ◽  
Leaf Blast ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nitrogen Treatment ◽  
Four Levels

Rice blast, caused by the fungus Pyricularia grisea, is one of the limiting factors in rice production causing severe crop losses under favourable environmental conditions. The effects of nitrogen applications on leaf blast development and yield of rice were studied under sawah system of production. WITA-4 and Jasmine rice varieties were planted and four levels (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha-1) of urea fertilizer were imposed. Nitrogen and rice varieties treatments were arranged in a split plot design with N levels as main plots and varieties as subplots, with three replications. The results obtained indicate that Jasmine variety was not infected by the blast pathogen whereas WITA-4 variety was susceptible to the disease. Disease incidence was generally high on 0 and 90 kg ha-1 but there was no significant difference among treatments. However, there was a significant difference (P=0.0001) between the N treatments for final disease severity score and the total lesion area, with 90 kg ha-1 having the highest severity score and total lesion area. Significant differences between nitrogen treatment (P=0.001), varieties (P=0.01) and the nitrogen treatment x cultivar interactions (P=0.05) with respect to grain yield were observed. In terms of yield, Jasmine variety had 5.4 tons/ha on 90 kg ha-1 N treatment but the effect of the blast was pronounced on WITA-4 variety with 4.7 tons/ha. Rice cultivation under sawah system does not preclude rice from blast infection; hence, an appropriate management system must be incorporated to ensure bumper

scholarly journals EFEKTIFITAS FORMULASI CAIR KONSORSIUM BAKTERI SEBAGAI PENGENDALI HAMA DAN PENYAKIT PADA PADI SAWAH ORGANIK

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulensri Yulensri Yulensri
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Leaf Blast ◽  
Organic Rice ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Boiled Water

One of the obstacles in increasing organic rice production in Indonesia is decreased land productivity and the attack of armyworm pests (Spodoptera litura F.) which is one of the main pests in rice plants.   The attack of Spodoptera litura can cause 20-80% damage, if not controlled, it can cause crop failure.  Meanwhile, one of the most dangerous diseases in rice is blast disease caused by the fungus Pirycularia oryzae. Blast disease can attack the leaves, stems, panicles, and grain, but is common in the leaves and on the neck of the panicles with a level of attack until the crop fails.  Therefore, in the development of organic rice, the use of local microorganisms (MOL) as biological agents is an alternative that needs to be developed.  The research objective was to determine the effectiveness of the liquid formulation of a bacterial consortium from banana stem bud (LMO) as a biological agent of Spodoptera. litura and blast disease caused by Pirycularia oryzae.  The consortium bacteria were Bacillus cereus strain ATCC 14579,  Bacillus subtillis subsp.subtilis strain 168 and Bacillus siamensis strain KCTC13613, Azotobacter sp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens. The research was conducted in certified organic farmer group rice fields, from February to August 2020. The study used a randomized block design with 8 treatments, namely A = coconut water + molases + CMC + Arginine, B = coconut water + molases + CMC + Arginine + VCO, C = Soybean soaking water + molases + CMC + Arginine, D = Soybean soaking water + Molases + CMC + Arginine + VCO, E = Soybean boiled water + Molases + CMC + Arginine, F = Soybean boiled water + Molases + CMC + Arginine + VCO, G = Liquid Nutrient Broth (NB), H. Without treatment.  The results showed that 7 forms of liquid formulations were tested to be effective for controlling Spodoptera litura and leaf blast disease with the criteria of being effective and very effective.

scholarly journals Bio-priming of Aceh local chili seeds in the effort to increase production and begomo virus resistance

2022 ◽  
Vol 951 (1) ◽  
pp. 012081
Author(s):  
S Hafsah ◽  
Yusnizar ◽  
Nura ◽  
K S Kaloko ◽  
F Reza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Crown Width ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Induce Resistance ◽  
Banda Aceh

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine whether P60 could induce resistance in local Aceh chili varieties to begomovirus and compared with national varieties. This research was conducted at the Experimental Farm, Genetics and Plant Breeding Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, from March to July 2021. This study used a factorial randomized block design. The tested factors consisted of two factors. The first factor is bio priming. The second factor consists of four local Aceh chili varieties, namely: V1 = Odeng, V2 = Lanyoe, V3 = Super Lamando and V4 = LamandoLapaben and one national variety, namely V5 = Baja F1 as a comparison variety. The results showed that the best local Aceh variety was LamandoLapaben for the variables of resistance response, incubation period, disease intensity, disease incidence, stem diameter, and crown width. The best local variety Aceh Lanyoe on plant height and dichotomous height parameters. Giving P60 can reduce the percentage of disease incidence by 52.00% and slow down the process of emergence of disease symptoms (incubation period) 27.11 DAP. The best combination treatment was the LamandoLapaben variety, which was 1.41 milligram Units-1 (Umg)-1.

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